Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J D Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to J D Nelson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of piperacillin vs. ticarcillin plus tobramycin in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis.

During a 22-month period 35 children with cystic fibrosis received 52 courses of antibiotic therapy for acute pulmonary exacerbations, including 26 cases of therapy with piperacillin and 26 courses with ticarcillin plus tobramycin. Groups were similar in age (5 vs. 5.4 years), disease severity based on Schwachman scores and presenting symptoms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism isolated in 90% of sputum cultures. Mean minimal inhibitory concentrations for piperacillin, ticarcillin and tobramycin were 8, 64 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. Piperacillin pharmacokinetic data revealed an average half-life in serum of 36 minutes. Peak serum concentrations averaged 144 micrograms/ml, and after 4 hours serum concentrations continued to exceed the P. aeruginosa 90% minimal inhibitory concentration in 50% of children. The dosage requirement for tobramycin was quite variable, necessitated monitoring of aminoglycoside serum concentrations and in most cases resulted in at least one dosage adjustment. Emergence of resistant bacteria was not seen in 26 courses of piperacillin therapy. Both regimens were effective and well-tolerated. Single agent therapy has the advantage of providing reliable serum concentrations and, in contrast to the standard therapy, does not necessitate monitoring of serum drug concentrations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self glucose monitoring: a comparison of the Glucometer, Glucoscan, and Hypocount B.

Three reflectance meters available in Canada for glucose self monitoring were assessed for accuracy and reliability in determining capillary blood glucose compared with venous serum glucose assayed by the laboratory hexokinase method and to capillary whole blood glucose determined by the glucose-oxidase method on a YSI (Yellow Springs Instrument, Yellow Springs, Ohio). The readings with all three meters correlated with serum glucose rather than with whole blood glucose. The Ames Glucometer (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada) was found to have the best predictive value over the full range of serum glucoses from 30 to 399 mg/dl. The Lifescan Glucoscan (Lifescan Inc., Mountainview, California), although reading satisfactorily in the range 30-180 mg/dl, significantly underestimated the capillary glucose at values greater than 180 mg/dl. The Hypoguard Hypocount B (Hypoguard Ltd., Suffolk, England) on the other hand read consistently high in the range 30-99 mg/dl but read satisfactorily over the range 100-399 mg/dl. All three methods, however, had inherent limitations that must be taken into account in their clinical application.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Symmetry of refractive and visual acuity outcome in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study.

In the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study, the symmetry of refractive and visual acuity outcome was analyzed in 269 patients with bilateral radial keratotomy with a single operation in each eye. Patients were required to wait 1 year after surgery on the first eye before having surgery on the second eye. At 1 year after surgery on the second eye, 98% of patients had 3.00 diopters or less difference between their two eyes in the spherical equivalent of the cycloplegic refraction (100% before surgery), and 96% of patients had 3.00 D or less difference between their two eyes in the amount of refractive power in the vertical meridian (100% before surgery). Thus, surgically induced refractive anisometropia was not a major complication in the PERK study. However, 14% of patients had four to eight Snellen lines difference in the uncorrected visual acuity between their two eyes (1% before surgery), emphasizing that induced asymmetry of refraction is a potential clinical problem for some patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pleural empyema.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗