Biomedical subjects
J D Lazar
Publications and source records attributed to J D Lazar.
Case report: Adult-onset Still's disease, variant of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Effects of renal artery constriction and subsequent contralateral nephrectomy on the blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma renin substrate concentration in rabbits.
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Drug interactions with fluconazole.
Fluconazole, a water-soluble bis-triazole antifungal agent that effectively penetrates the cerebrospinal fluid, is a highly selective inhibitor of the fungal cytochrome P450 system. In single-dose studies, coadministration of cimetidine and fluconazole (100 mg) resulted in an insignificant decrease in the absorption of fluconazole. The coadministration of rifampin and fluconazole (200 mg) decreased both the half-life and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of fluconazole. In multiple-dose studies, fluconazole (50 mg) did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of the two steroid components of an oral contraceptive. Coadministration of tolbutamide with fluconazole (100 mg) increased both the maximal plasma concentration and the AUC of tolbutamide without changing levels of blood glucose. The coadministration of cyclosporin A with a low dose of fluconazole (100 mg) was not associated with significant changes in the minimal and the maximal plasma concentrations of cyclosporin A. While higher doses of fluconazole (200 mg) did not affect endogenous steroids, coadministration resulted in changes in the pharmacodynamics of warfarin and the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin and cyclosporin A.
Comparative effects of two beta-blockers on cardiovascular reactivity and type A behavior in hypertensives.
This study compared the effects of beta-blockers differing in degree of central nervous system penetration on Type A behavior and cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. Forty-six male hypertensives were assigned randomly to receive either highly lipophilic and nonselective propranolol, hydrophilic and cardioselective atenolol, the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, or placebo. Subjects were administered parallel forms of the Structured Interview (SI) and performed mental arithmetic and a cognitive task prior to and after 6 weeks of therapy. Results indicated that diuretic and placebo subjects (subsequently combined into a single control group) did not differ and that both beta-blockers reduced heart rate but not blood pressure reactivity to mental stress (p less than 0.02), an effect that was strongest during the mental arithmetic test. Analysis of SI components indicated a reduction only in explosive speech for beta-blockers versus controls (p less than 0.05). For global SI classifications, seven out of 12 subjects (58%) receiving propranolol, three of 12 (25%) receiving atenolol, and four of 22 control subjects (18%) became less Type A (p less than 0.05). These data do not replicate results of a prior study obtained with atenolol and suggest that only a subset of hypertensive individuals show reduced Type A behavior with propranolol. Central nervous system mechanisms may be important in producing these effects.