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Biomedical subjects

J D Lanier

Publications and source records attributed to J D Lanier.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

We report two cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis. To our knowledge, case 1 is the first documented case of Mycobacterium chelonei sclerokeratitis and case 2 is the first report of Mycobacterium flavescens keratitis. A total of 40 cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis involving at least five different species have been reported previously in the literature. Almost all of these opportunistic infections have occurred following either accidental or surgical ocular trauma, usually associated with the use of local corticosteroids. Encountered infrequently, these organisms can be incorrectly identified as other bacteria, including diphtheroids and Nocardia species. Histopathologic examination and special stains of infected tissues may be helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. Cultures and sensitivity testing are mandatory in determining appropriate treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of techniques for culturing corneal ulcers.

All consecutive cases of presumed microbial keratitis were cultured with both a platinum spatula and calcium alginate swab moistened with trypticase soy broth. Ten (77%) of the 13 culture-proven ulcers in this series showed a greater number of colonies and more confluent growth on the agar plates inoculated with a moistened swab compared with a much lower yield obtained using a platinum spatula. All culture-positive bacterial ulcers showed growth when cultured with a swab. Two ulcers that were partially treated before culturing yielded very light growth from those rows inoculated with a swab and no growth from those rows inoculated with a spatula. Two ulcers showed equal growth between the two methods. One ulcer (Actinomycetes-Streptomyces/Nocardia) had greater growth obtained with a spatula compared with a swab. This series demonstrated a significantly greater retrieval of organisms from bacterial keratitis when a calcium alginate swab moistened with trypticase soy broth was used to rub the ulcer and directly inoculate the solid agar media. The single case of filamentous bacteria suggests that a spatula may yield better organism retrieval from ulcers caused by filamentous organisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

The red eye: avoiding pitfalls from topical ocular therapy.

Acute and general medical care facilities are often faced with the challenge of diagnosing and managing problems related to the external eye. Making the correct diagnosis, possessing knowledge of the natural course of the disease, and understanding the potential benefits and risks of topical ocular therapy are necessary for the proper management of an acute or chronic red eye.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed1992

Axial length in keratoconus.

Axial length is a major determinant of ocular refractive power that has not been well established for keratoconus eyes. The purpose of this study was to establish the mean and range of axial length among both keratoconus eyes with no previous surgery and postkeratoplasty keratoconus eyes, and to determine if there is a significant reduction of axial length following variations in surgical techniques in penetrating keratoplasty. The axial length of 157 keratoconus eyes with no previous surgery was measured using applanation ultrasonography. The mean axial length measurement was 24.39 (+/- 1.13 mm), with a range of 21.82-28.69 mm. The axial length of 66 postkeratoplasty keratoconus eyes was similarly measured. The mean axial length measurement was 24.10 (+/- 1.22 mm), with a range of 21.83-26.87 mm. These values are not significantly different from the axial length mean and range found among emmetropic eyes. A significant shortening of the axial length (F = 5.2, p = 0.04) was obtained in the postoperative penetrating keratoplasty eye if the donor trephine was 0.3 mm smaller in diameter than the recipient trephine. The axial length of individual keratoconus eyes is a major factor in determining postoperative refractive error. It therefore becomes important when considering variations in surgical procedures to reduce postoperative myopia.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

The incise drape.

Since it is impossible to sterilize the surgical field in ocular surgery, postoperative endophthalmitis remains a serious complication of intraocular surgery. The surgeon should take all reasonable precautions to avoid this disaster. We believe that this includes isolating the skin and eyelids from the operative field with the incise drape.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed1980

The mystery of the frozen M-K medium.

Donor corneal material stored or transported in M-K medium can freeze easily if placed in an insulated environment, such as a styrofoam container, with ice that is colder than 0 degrees C. To assure proper maintenance of the recommended temperature of M-K medium of + 4 degrees C, the ice used should be allowed to stand at room temperature until it has a glistening, wet look to its surfaces. M-K medium already cooled to + 4 degrees C can be safely stored and maintained at + 4 degrees C in a well-insulated styrofoam container for approximately 24 hours if this type of glistening-wet, melting ice is used.

Corneal Transplantation↗
PubMed1978

Keratitis due to Mycobacterium chelonei.

A case of ulcerative keratitis has been followed by ophthalmological, bacteriological and histopathological examinations. Mycobacterium chelonei has been repeatedly isolated from the lesion before and after surgical interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lattice corneal dystrophy.

The clinical and histologic aspects of 34 primary and six reoperative keratoplasties for lattice corneal dystrophy are evaluated. Surgical and postoperative complications were minimal and not considered specific for lattice corneal dystrophy. Visual results were highly favorable in a long-term evaluation. No lattice figures were seen to recur in any of the 34 primary or six reoperative grafts; however, opacities did occur in several grafts. Amyloid was definitely found in one reoperative graft specimen. A nonamyloid material was also found in the subepithelial and superficial stromal area in both the lattice dystrophy and reoperative specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Coats disease: a presumed familial incidence.

Three of four siblings of normal parents had a combination of Coats disease and retinitis pigmentosa bilaterally. Our report of their respective cases is, to our knowledge, the first report of a familial incidence of the combination of the two diseases in an individual and supports the implication that Coats disease may be a genetic abnormality. The pathological process was essentially the same in all three patients, although it occurred differently in one of the three siblings and gave rise to an altered functional and clinical picture. The similarities may indicate that the convenient categories of "tapeto-retinal degenerations" are clinical variations of the same genetic abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Trabeculectomy.

The more important surgical steps in a trabeculectomy are the creation of a lamellar-scleral flap, the excision of a block of limbal tissue without damaging underlying structures, the creation of a basal peripheral iridectomy, and, finally, the closing of the scleral flap to maintain fluid within the anterior chamber. Careful attention to certain modifications of these steps can prevent the most common operative complications that occur with this procedure. One method is described in this paper.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic surgical principles of penetrating keratoplasty.

Surgical techniques of keratoplasty continue to be modified in an attempt to achieve ideal results, but basic surgical principles remain constant. Proper alignment of the donor graft is an important and consistent surgical principle in all types of keratoplasty. Closure of keratoplasty wounds should provide the most optimal environment for a secure water-tight wound, minimize contour distortion, and promote tissue healing. One provides the most ideal opportunity for desired surgical results by understanding and utilizing basic surgical principles.

Humans↗