Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tomato plants segregating for resistance to the fungus Cladosporium fulvum was used to localize the resistance genes Cf-2 and Cf-5 to the same region of chromosome 6. This region, between GP79 and Aps-1, is the same as that reported for the Mi gene, which confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.). Recombination values based on F2 populations from crosses between near-isogenic lines of L. esculentum 'Moneymaker' carrying Cf-2 or Cf-5 and Lycopersicon pennellii, indicate that this region occupies 4-5 centiMorgans (cM). However, in F2 populations from crosses between the L. esculentum stock LA1190 carrying yv and these lines, this value is 1-2 cM. The Cf-2 gene, introduced into L. esculentum from L. pimpinellifolium, is on an introgressed segment that extends from a point distal to GP79 to a point between TG232 and H2D1. The origin of Cf-5 was found to be L. esculentum var. cerasiforme rather than L. pimpinellifolium as previously reported. No RFLP markers and only one RAPD marker showed a polymorphism between Moneymaker and the near-isogenic line carrying Cf-5.

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

High-resolution mapping of the physical location of the tomato Cf-2 gene.

To isolate the tomato Cf-2 resistance gene by map-based cloning, plants recombinant for RFLP markers close to Cf-2 were selected by exploiting the flanking morphological markers yv (yellow virescent) and tl (thiaminless). Using these recombinants, a high-resolution linkage map of the region encompassing the Cf-2 gene has been generated containing several new RFLP markers. Mapping of two YAC clones carrying Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum DNA, indicates that in both genotypes the physical distance between the two closet flanking markers is less than 40 kb. This study also positions Cf-2 relative to the Mi gene, which confers resistance to root-knot nematodes.

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol use and burn injury.

Charts of 108 consecutive adult patients with flame burns of 20% to 70% total body surface area were reviewed to determine the incidence of acute alcohol intoxication and the likelihood that intoxicated patients were chronic alcohol abusers, to assess morbidity and mortality in the alcoholic patient with burns, and to characterize the intervention used in postdischarge treatment of the alcoholic patient with burns who survives. Twenty-seven percent of patients were acutely intoxicated at the time of injury. Evidence for chronic alcohol abuse was apparent in 90% of intoxicated patients, compared to only 11% of nonintoxicated patients (p = 0.0001). Alcoholic patients with burns not only had an overall mortality rate three times that of nonalcoholics (p = 0.001) but also died of smaller burns (p less than 0.05). Surviving alcoholic patients with burns required significantly more intravenous antibiotics and a longer hospitalization. Social service evaluation of use of alcohol was made in 84% of the cases of surviving intoxicated burn victims. Further intervention was undertaken in two thirds of these cases, usually involving an outpatient treatment program.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Necrosis of thyroid nodules after fine needle aspiration.

In a series of 200 fine needle aspirations (FNA) of the thyroid, necrosis around the needle tract was histologically evident in 2 of 30 cases with surgical follow-up. In one case of a differentiated thyroid carcinoma, necrosis with involution of the nodule was the dominant finding. This suggests that FNA can induce necrosis and apparent clinical regression of thyroid neoplasms. We believe, however, that a positive cytologic diagnosis coupled with a clinical suspicion of neoplasm should lead to surgical intervention, despite clinical regression following FNA.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Variations of sweat sodium values in children and adults with cystic fibrosis and other diseases.

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Solid-phase synthesis of biologically active lipopeptides as analogs for spirochetal lipoproteins.

Bacterial lipoproteins, which are of particular interest because of their immunomodulatory activities, share a common N-terminal structural motif that consists of an N-acyl-S-diacylglyceryl cysteine residue. Synthetic tripalmitoylated analogs of the N-terminal sequences of several bacterial lipopetides have been found to reproduce the immunological activities of the corresponding intact lipoproteins. Methods for the synthesis of lipopeptide analogs of bacterial lipoproteins have hitherto relied upon the coupling of peptide moieties, lacking the N-terminal cystienyl residue, with a tripalmitoylglyceryl cysteine moiety synthesized separately in solution. A method is described here by which rapid and convenient synthesis of the entire lipopeptide is accomplished by solid-phase methods in which the N-terminal cysteinyl derivative is assembled stepwise while attached to the completed peptide moiety prior to cleavage from the resin. The method has been used to synthesize two lipohexapeptides representing the N-terminal sequences of the 47-kDa membrane lipoprotein of the syphilis spirochete, Treponema pallidum, and the outer surface protein A (OspA) of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. These lipopeptides, which were synthesized without detectable endotoxin contamination, exhibit macrophage-stimulating activity that is not expressed by the corresponding non-acylated hexapeptides. The data indicate that synthetic lipopeptides based on spirochetal lipoproteins are appropriate substitutes for the intact lipoproteins in immunological studies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗