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Biomedical subjects

J D Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J D Jones.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on reproduction in rats fed rapeseed protein concentrate.

Three groups of 33 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, ad libitum, the following diets for 2 weeks before breeding. Diet 1 (D1) contained 20% protein from casein, diet 2 (D2) had the same level of protein from Tower rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein concontrate (RPC) and diet 3 (D3) was the same as D2 with a zinc supplement (70 mg/l) in the drinking water. From each group 6 animals were killed before breeding and 5-9 animals were killed at 1 and 2 weeks of gestation and post-partum. From each rat, blood, thyroids, liver and femur were collected for the determination of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium. As a measure of the reproductive performance, body weight, number of pups in the uterus or delivered live or dead, and gestations days before parturition were recorded. The pups were examined for obvious deformities and also analysed for the above mineral elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In group D2, levels of zinc in maternal serum, liver, femur and in the pups were significantly lower than the comparable levels in the other two groups. The zinc supplemented RPC-fed group did not show the anorexia experienced by the unsupplemented group and there was neither a significant difference between reproductive performances of groups D1 and D3 nor was there any significant difference between the zinc levels determined. It was concluded that the toxic symptoms caused by RPC feeding was attributable to zinc deficiency probably caused by the high phytate level in the RPC.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on reproduction in rats red rapeseed protein concentrate.

Three groups of 33 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, ad libitum, the following diets for 2 weeks before breeding. Diet 1 (D1) contained 20% protein from casein, diet 2 (D2) had the same level of protein from Tower rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein concontrate (RPC) and diet 3 (D3) was the same as D2 with a zinc supplement (70 mg/l) in the drinking water. From each group 6 animals were killed before breeding and 5--9 animals were killed at 1 and 2 weeks of gestation and post-partum. From each rat, blood, thyroids, liver and femur were collected for the determination of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium. As a measure of the reproductive performance, body weight, number of pups in the uterus or delivered live or dead, and gestation days before parturition were recorded. The pups were examined for obvious deformities and also analyzed for the above mineral elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In group D2, levels of zinc in maternal serum, liver, femur and in the pups were significantly lower than the comparable levels in the other two groups. The zinc supplemented RPC-fed group did not show the anorexia experienced by the unsupplemented group and there was neither a significant difference between reproductive performances of groups D1 and D3 nor was there any significant difference between the zinc levels determined. It was concluded that the toxic symptoms caused by RPC feeding were attributable to zinc deficiency probably caused by the high phytate level in the RPC.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Chlorine dioxide metabolism in rat.

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is under consideration as an alternative to chlorination as a disinfectant for public water supplies. A new assay was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the metabolites of 36ClO2 in water and biological fluids. Studies in the rat indicated that the metabolites of ClO2 were Cl-, ClO-2, and ClO-b. At maximum absorption the percentage of ClO; formed in plasma from an initial oral dose of 10 mg/l 36ClO, was higher than from a 100 mg/l dose. The 36Cl concentration in washed packed cells indicated that 36Cl readily exchanges with chloride of saline.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cardiac complications of protein-sparing modified fasting.

Cardiovascular abnormalities developed in a patient during a protein-sparing modified fasting diet. Syncope was the complaint at the time of examination. Hypotension, persistent QTc interval prolongation, and a low QRS voltage were observed before the development of refractory ventricular tachycardia. At autopsy, antemortem thrombi were attached to the left ventricular endocardium and a fenestrated aortic valvule. Strick protein-sparing modified fasting is not without risk of sudden death even with close medical supervision.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A profile of the rural community mental health center.

This paper-part of a national study of community mental health worker role activism-compares community mental health center with their counterparts in other geographic areas. Rural workers were most likely to view their centers as being most like social agencies. Their endorsement of community mental health ideology was also significantly higher. Role was measured from two perspectives: organizational and personal. Again, staff at rural community mental health centers were significantly different: They endorsed the highest levels of both organizational and personal activism and showed the least discrepancy between the two. It is concluded that rural community mental health centers and their staff represent an important and unique response to the problem of community mental health services delivery.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Utilization of L-methionine sulfoxide, L-methionine sulfone and cysteic acid by the weanling rat.

Three experiments were conducted to test the ability of weanling rats to utilize the oxidized forms of the sulfur amino acids methionine and cysteine for growth. In the first two experiments, diets were fed which contained graded levels of methionine, methionine sulfoxide and methionine sulfone. The third experiment included a comparison of two dietary levels of cysteine and cysteic acid. The 2 week weight gain and food consumption data indicated that methionine sulfoxide was utilized for growth with only 60% of the efficiency of that achieved by rats fed methionine. Methionine sulfone was not utilized for growth. Analysis of plasma sulfur amino acids showed that the rat has a limited capacity to utilize methionine sulfoxide by effecting its reduction to methionine. Cysteic acid did not support weight gain. This amino acid appeared to be rapidly catabolized to taurine. It was concluded that methionine sulfone and cysteic acid cannot be utilized by the weanling rat. Methionine sulfoxide cannot fully meet the dietary requirement of the rat methionine because of its limited capacity to reduce this amino acid.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Trace mineral deficiencies in rats caused by feeding rapeseed flours during growth, gestation and lactation.

The present study determined the effect of duration of feeding and dietary levels of rapeseed flours on growth, outcome of gestation and lactation and blood trace element content of rats. In the first two experiments, female rats were fed either casein or rapeseed flour diets during gestation and lactation, or prior to and during gestation. In the last two experiments, weanling male rats were fed for 4 weeks either casein or rapeseed flour diets with or without added zinc. Feeding rapeseed flours prior to and/or during gestation caused a reduction in weight gains and food consumption but did not affect the number or weight of the pups born. Plasma zinc levels were low in the mother rats at parturition and plasma zinc and iron levels were low in weanling rats after 4 weeks of feeding the rapeseed diets. Adding 300 ppm zinc to the diet prevented the decrease in food consumption, weight gains and plasma zinc levels in the weanling rats. It is concluded that the recommended levels of trace elements in the rat diet are inadequate for the purpose of bioassay and toxicological evaluation or rapeseed preparations. In order that the nutritional potenital of new protein sources be correctly evaluated, guidelines for adequacy of mineral in such diets should be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Protein metabolism in the black bear before and during hibernation.

During 3 to 5 months of hibernation, the American black bear does not defecate, urinate, or require food or water. Although the bear loses 15 to 25% of its body weight during this period, there is no significant change in its lean body mass. No net accumulation of the usual nitrogenous products of protein catabolism can be demonstrated in the dormant bear, and there is a decrease in urea production during hibernation. Because of these findings, it has been hypothesized that the black bear can alter its protein metabolism during hibernation by some unknown mechanism. During this study, the metabolis rate of protein turnover in four adult male black bears was measured before, during, and after hibernation, using 125I-labeled serum albumin from black bears as an indicator protein and 14C-labeled leucine as an indicator amino acid. For albumin during both phases, the disappearance rate of labeled albumin from serum was measured over 2 weeks and its turnover rate was calculated from these data. For [14C]leucine, the amino acid was injected during and after hibernation and its appearance in total proteins of plasma was measured. The results using labeled albumin revealed a threefold increase in turnover of protein during hibernation compared with protein turnover before hibernation. Leucine data supported these findings; more labeled leucine was incorporated in plasma proteins during hibernation than in the active state in spring. There were no significant changes in hematocrit, serum albumin concentration, thyroxin, or thyroxine-binding globulin between active and dormant periods, although triiodothyronine tended to decrease during hibernation. We speculate that increased protein turnover suggests a strongly acting protein-anabolic mechanism that would tend to compete with other catabolic pathways for amino acids. Another consequence of this increased protein turnover would be thermogenesis. This may have helped prevent any undue decrease in body temperature. It is notable that the body temperature of the dormant bear is appreciably higher than that of other hibernating animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the nutritional quality of rapeseed flour fed to weanling rats.

The effect of treating rapeseed flours with hydrogen peroxide on the glucosinolate content and nutritional value of the protein was examined. Four flours were prepared from Target variety rapeseed (Brassica napus) by dehulling and defatting the seed (sample RF), by heat treating and water washing the dehulled seed prior to defatting (sample WWRF), and by treating a part of samples RF and WWRF with solutions of 7 and 3% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the hydrogen peroxide treatment lowered the glucosinolate content of the flour but was not as effective as the water extraction. The hydrogen peroxide treatment also oxidized methionine to its sulfoxide and sulfone and cysteine to cysteic acid. In the first experiment, weanling rats were fed for 3 weeks diets in which casein or each of the flour preparations provided 5, 10, or 20% protein. Rats fed the high glucosinolate-containing flour (sample RF) at the 10 to 20% protein level died, while those fed 5% survived but lost weight. Those fed the hydrogen peroxide-treated flours survived, but weight gains and food consumption were low compared with the values of the caseinor WWRF-fed groups. Rats fed sample RF exhibited enlarged thyroids. Those fed the peroxide-treated samples had high plasma levels of methionine sulfoxide and sulfone. In the second experiment, additions of 0.15 or 0.30% methionine to the 10% protein diets resulted in increased weight gains of the groups fed the peroxide-treated flours. It was concluded that the hydrogen peroxide treatment was effective in reducing the glucosinolate content of the rapeseed flour. However, the production of the oxidized sulfur amino acids, in particular methionine sulfone, reduced considerably the nutritional value of the protein.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Emergency and elective surgical treatment of portal hypertension. A review of 23 years' experience.

A retrospective review of surgical treatment for portal hypertension during a 23-year period in a regional unit is reported and the immediate and subsequent management of patients with bleeding oesophageal varices is discussed. Fifty-four patients with recurrent varix haemorrhage uncontrolled by conservative methods have been treated by oesophageal transection with a mortality of 22.2% (26.6% for cirrhotic patients). Thirty-two per cent of the cirrhotics were alive after 2 years. Only a minority (12%) of the survivors were considered suitable for a subsequent shunt procedure. Therapeutic portacaval anastomosis has been performed on 65 patients with a 51.2% 5-year survival (43-5% for cirrhotic patients). Further haemorrhage due to shunt thrombosis occurred in 5-3% of cases. The frequent occurrence of portal-systemic encephalopathy, increasing with duration of time following a shunt, is emphasized. The high morbidity and mortality in the poor-risk cirrhotic indicated that this type of patient is unsuitable for a portal-systemic shunt and is better treated by medical means.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Nitrogen metabolism in bears: urea metabolism in summer starvation and in winter sleep and role of urinary bladder in water and nitrogen conservation.

Three bears were studied under conditions of (1) no food but access to water for 2 weeks and (2) no food or water for 3 weeks. During starvation in summer, the bears could not inhibit the net production of urea but used lean body mass; when denied access to water as well, the bears became dehydrated and azotemic. Urea was continuously formed and degraded in the winter. Arginase activity in liver increased in winter sleep; hepatic steatosis and inflammatory reactions were also noted. The urinary bladder readsorbed labeled urea and D20 in winter; the rate of absorption of urea was equal to the rate of excretion of it into the bladder. The ability to preserve lean body mass during winter sleep apparently is a special mechanism associated with the induction of winter sleep. Bears cannot duplicate this feat during summertime starvation. In winter sleep, urea is formed and degraded but the nitrogen produced is conserved in some manner that maintains the total nitrogen pool constant. The urinary bladder plays a central role in maintaining the state of winter sleep by absorbing water and solute at a rate equal to their entry into the urinary bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Relative tissue distribution of radioactivity in rats with endocrine "autonomous" breast carcinomas after 3H-,99mTc-, and 64Cu-bleomycin.

The localization of 64Cu-, 3H-, and 99mTc-labeled bleomycin was studied in tissues of Fisher rats bearing an endocrine autonomous breast tumor. The 64Cu-bleomycin showed a greater uptake than 3H- and 99mTc-bleomycin in the breast tumor at all time intervals studied, from 2 to 72 hr after the tracer. This same differential uptake was shared by the liver and kidney.

Animals↗