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Biomedical subjects

J D Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to J D Jenkins.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

A clinical comparison of one- and two-screw odontoid fixation.

OBJECT: The optimal treatment of Type II odontoid fractures is controversial. Various therapies have been used, including nonrigid immobilization, halo orthosis, posterior atlantoaxial arthrodesis, and odontoid screw fixation. Of these, odontoid screw fixation is the only treatment modality that provides immediate stabilization and preserves normal motion at C1-2. It has been suggested in cadaveric biomechanical studies that there is no advantage to using more than one screw for anterior odontoid fixation. The authors compared the clinical safety and efficacy of one- and two-screw anterior odontoid fixation. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiographs of 42 consecutive patients who had undergone fixation for treatment of odontoid fractures at a single institution between 1989 and 1995. The group treated with a single screw consisted of 20 patients (11 males and nine females) with an average age of 54 years. The union rate in this group, as determined by postoperative dynamic radiographs, was 81%. The group treated with two screws consisted of 22 patients (13 men and nine women) with an average age of 64 years, whose union rate was 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior odontoid screw fixation is a safe and efficacious treatment for odontoid fractures. In the authors' experience there was no significant difference in the successful union rates achieved with either the one- or two-screw fixation techniques (81% and 85%, respectively; chi(2) = 0.09, p = 0.76).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Cutaneous odontogenic sinus tract to the chin: a case report.

We report a case of cutaneous odontogenic sinus tract to the chin. The patient first noticed the cutaneous condition in 1977. Inappropriate medical and dental treatment was ineffective. Correct diagnosis and treatment was completed in 1993. We offer diagnostic and treatment guidelines for the management of similar cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Revision of anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis with anterior allograft fusion and plating.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is an efficacious procedure used to treat a variety of cervical spinal disorders, including spondylosis, myelopathy, herniated discs, trauma, and degenerative disc disease. Pseudarthrosis, or failure of fusion, may be the most common complication of spinal fusion procedures. Nineteen consecutive patients with symptomatic pseudarthrosis following failed anterior cervical fusions were treated with anterior cervical revision using iliac crest allografts and either the Cervical Spine Locking Plate system (10 patients) or the Trapezial Osteosynthetic Plate system (nine patients). The mean age of the nine men and 10 women undergoing treatment was 49.1 years (range 25-72 years). Eleven patients (57.9%) exhibited pseudarthrosis at one level, six (31.5%) at two levels, and two (10.5%) at three levels. The indications for revision were intractable neck pain with radiculopathy (17 patients) or myelopathy (two patients), with evidence of pseudarthrosis on plain cervical radiography as well as computerized tomography (CT) or single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scanning, or both. All eight patients evaluated with SPECT showed increased focal uptake consistent with pseudarthrosis, which was subsequently confirmed intraoperatively in all eight. The average follow-up period was 22.4 months (range 12-42 months). Solid osseous fusion was achieved over all 28 levels in all 18 patients available for follow-up review (100%). One patient died 4 months postoperatively from myocardial infarction related to preexisting coronary artery disease. There were no intraoperative complications; postoperatively, two patients (10.5%) experienced transient hoarseness. Anterior revision of failed cervical fusions using allograft interbody fusion material and anterior plating is a safe and efficacious procedure. In this series, the use of allografts avoided donor site morbidity without adversely affecting fusion rates. Rigid internal fixation was achieved by means of anterior plating without increasing surgical morbidity rates. The SPECT imaging technique has the potential to reliably confirm the diagnosis of pseudarthrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Flexible cystoscopy in men: is topical anaesthesia with lignocaine gel worthwhile?

OBJECTIVE: The value of 2% lignocaine gel as a topical anaesthetic for flexible cystoscopy in men was tested in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 138 patients were entered into the study. Group A patients (n = 75) received 10 ml of 2% lignocaine gel intraurethrally whilst 10 ml of plain lubricating gel was instilled in the remaining 63 patients (Group B). Patient discomfort was recorded by means of a four-point descriptive pain scale (completed by both surgeon and patient) and a 100 mm non-graphic rating visual analogue scale (patient only). RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference between the two treatments irrespective of the method of recording. CONCLUSION: This study shows that 2% lignocaine gel offers no advantage over plain lubricating gel in providing analgesia for flexible cystoscopy. In this situation good lubrication may be a more important factor than topical anaesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of bony metastases in prostatic carcinoma.

Fifty-five prostate cancer and 55 breast cancer patients with positive bone scintigrams were studied. The pattern of spread in the axial skeleton and pelvis showed differences between the 2 groups. This difference was not related primarily to bone volume at the site of metastasis. The difference in distribution of bony metastases between breast and prostate is explained by our knowledge of Batson's vertebral venous plexus.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade.

The alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine has been shown to be useful in the treatment of prostatism. To assess the place of phenoxybenzamine in the management of acute retention, 43 patients presenting with acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia were catheterized suprapubically. They were then randomized to receive either oral phenoxybenzamine (10 mg b.i.d.; n = 21), or placebo tablets (n = 22). Forty-eight hours later, the bladder of each patient was filled through the catheter with 300 ml sterile saline, the catheter was clamped, and the patient encouraged to void. Only 2 of 21 (10%) patients receiving phenoxybenzamine and 3 of 22 (14%) receiving placebo were able to void satisfactorily (p = NS). In this study phenoxybenzamine had no place in the management of acute retention of urine secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mode of interaction of phosphofructokinase with the erythrocyte membrane.

Phosphofructokinase is known to associate with the human erythrocyte membrane both in vitro and in vivo. Such association activates the enzyme in vitro by relieving the allosteric inhibition imposed by ATP (Karadsheh, N.S., and Uyeda, K. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7418-7420). We now demonstrate that ADP, ATP, and NADH, all of which are known to bind to the enzyme's adenine nucleotide activation site, are particularly potent in eluting the enzyme from the membrane. In addition, both inside-out red cell membrane vesicles and a 23-kDa fragment containing the amino terminus of the membrane protein, band 3, cause a slow, partial, and reversible inactivation of phosphofructokinase. The dependence of the residual phosphofructokinase activity on phosphofructokinase concentration demonstrates that inactivation occurs through the dissociation of active tetramers to inactive dimers. Dimers of phosphofructokinase associate with the membrane more avidly than tetramers. The kinetics of phosphofructokinase inactivation are consistent with the dissociation of tetramers in solution followed by the binding of dimers to the membrane. There is no indication of an association equilibrium between tetramers and dimers of phosphofructokinase bound to the membrane. Taken together, these results suggest that the amino-terminal segment of band 3 binds to the adenine nucleotide activation site, which is thought to be located in a cleft between the dimeric subunits of phosphofructokinase. As a result, band 3 not only rapidly activates the phosphofructokinase tetramer but also slowly inactivates the enzyme by preferentially binding its dissociated subunits.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Association of phosphofructokinase and aldolase with the membrane of the intact erythrocyte.

The binding of phosphofructokinase and aldolase to the membrane of the intact human erythrocyte was assessed by the rapid hemolysis/filtration method of Kliman and Steck (Kliman, H. J., and Steck, T. L. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6314-6321). We found that about 50% of the phosphofructokinase was membrane-bound in fresh red cells prior to hemolysis. Binding was not significantly altered by deoxygenation. Approximately 40% of aldolase was membrane-associated in fresh red cells. In outdated, blood-banked red cells, aldolase was 73% membrane-bound while, following metabolic repletion, 40% of the enzyme was membrane-associated. These results support the hypothesis that certain glycolytic enzymes in the red cell are membrane-bound in a rapidly reversible and metabolically sensitive fashion.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed1983

The place of the 99mTc-polyphosphonate bone scan in renal carcinoma.

Forty-two bone images carried out on 33 patients with renal carcinoma have been evaluated. The bone image seems more sensitive than conventional radiology in detecting bone secondaries, but covert metastases are unlikely in the patient presenting with purely urological symptoms.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Hypokalaemic hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis and vesical stone complicating appendicovesical fistulae.

Two patients with appendicovesical fistulae are described. Both presented with gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms. Biochemical examination showed hypokalaemic hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis; radiographic investigations showed a vesical stone and a communication between the bladder and the bowel. The findings at operation suggested that the fistulae may have arisen as complications of previous appendicitis. The diagnosis of appendicovesical fistulae may be difficult but should be considered in the presence of hypokalaemic hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis and vesical stones.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1978

Bladder neck incision--a treatment for retention with overflow in the absence of adenoma.

Twenty-five cases of outlet obstruction with decompensated bladders and minimal adenomatous enlargement were treated by transurethral bladder neck incision. The results showed that bladder neck incision was as effective as transurethral resection of bladder neck and prostate and was a useful operation, especially for the elderly uraemic patient. There were no complications and operating time was considerably less than that required for a formal transurethral resection. The operation should be reserved for cases of outflow obstruction with no or minimal adenomatous hyperplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Abacterial cystitis.

5 young male patients with all the symptoms and signs of genito-urinary tuberculosis but in whom no organism could be cultured from the urine are described. 4 of them rapidly responded to a course of tetracycline. Various organisms are suggested as a cause of this condition, and careful bacteriological investigation in the future might discover the cause.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Lumbar spondylosis and neuropathic bladder: investigation of 73 patients with chronic urinary symptoms.

Seventy-three patients presented with either chronic urinary symptoms such as incontinence, retention, and recurrent urinary infection or chronic low back pain and neurogenic claudication. Lumbar spondylosis was considered to be the major cause of the urological and skeletal symptoms; the diagnosis of a neuropathic bladder depended as much on features in the history as on the results of urological and neurological investigations. The preoperative demonstration of significant lumbar spondylosis was often difficult, but decompressive laminectomy in 34 patients produced relief of urinary symptoms and improvement in bladder function in 75%.

Adult↗