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Biomedical subjects

J D Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to J D Hunter.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance imaging in macromelia and macrodactyly.

We report five cases presenting with soft tissue and bone overgrowth that demonstrate the ability of MRI to establish a diagnosis in the absence of specific clinical features. Disorders included macrodystrophia lipomatosa, angiolipomatosis, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome and one case of segmental limited hypertrophy. The MRI appearances, and other radiological features of these conditions are discussed. MRI is recommended in all cases of macrodystrophy when the clinical features and plain film findings are indeterminate.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic venous Doppler waveforms: changes in pregnancy.

A total of 75 fasted healthy normal volunteers were examined during various stages of pregnancy. Examinations were performed in a supine position using an Acuson 128 ultrasound scanner with a 3.5 MHz transducer. Doppler interrogation of the middle hepatic vein was made during quiet respiration by one of three examiners. The Doppler waveforms were subsequently assessed blindly by one of the authors and categorized as normal, damped, or flat. Between 12 and 20 weeks, the majority of patients had normal hepatic pulsatility (64%) with 20% damped and 16% flat. Between 20 and 30 weeks there was a significant change (p > 0.001) with 68% being flat, 20% damped, and only 12% normal. In the last 10 weeks of pregnancy the changes were more marked: 80% were flat, 12% dampened, and 8% normal. There was a profound change in hepatic venous pulsatility during pregnancy. Hepatic waveforms changed from their normal pulsatile nature to become completely flat with increasing gestation. These changes were more frequent and more marked the further gestation progressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The radiological appearances of small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the oesophagus.

We present three patients with primary small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the oesophagus from a clinical and radiological point of view and review the radiological appearances of previously reported cases. The features of this rate neoplasm are variable, but extensive circumferential oesophageal wall thickening associated with luminal widening should raise the possibility of this diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Spinal cord injury in youth.

To identify special characteristics of the pediatric spinal cord-injured (SCI) population, we analyzed a database of 1,770 traumatic SCI patients; 88 (5%) fell into the two pediatric subgroups: 0-12 years (n = 26) and 13-15 years (n = 62) at time of injury. Differences between age groups were identified with regard to demographics, neurologic characteristics, associated injuries and complications, and management. Mode level of bony injury was C2 in preteens, C4 in teens, and C4-C5 in adults. Scoliosis developed far more frequently in children, particularly preteens (23%), than in adults (5%). Violent etiologies, predominantly gunshots, accounted for a disproportionate share of injuries to preteens (19%) and African-Americans (28%), as compared with adults (12%) and Caucasians (7%). This last finding underscores the urgent need to mount a response to the nationwide proliferation of gunshot-related SCI in children and minorities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The diagnosis of fatal gas embolism: detection by plain film radiography.

Two recent deaths from massive air embolism occurring while scuba diving off the South coast of Britain are reported. In each case the circumstances of death were uncertain. In both instances the cause of death, that is massive gas embolism, was determined by plain radiography and findings were confirmed at post-mortem. These cases illustrate that in unexplained deaths that occur after exposure to, or change in hyper- or hypobaric conditions, investigation should include pain radiographs of the chest, abdomen and skull.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Circadian variation in alloxan sensitivity of mice as indicated by mortality and blood glucose alteration.

The objective of this study was to determine in mice if a time-dependent pancreatic beta-cell susceptibility to alloxan could be correlated to daily changes in blood glucose levels and to monitor the pattern of blood glucose at various times of day as mice became diabetic. Food was removed from mice standardized to a 12-h light:dark cycle (lights on at 0600 h CST, during the month of June) at 12 h before subcutaneous injection with 0.27 mg/g of alloxan. Six groups of 30 fasted mice were injected at 4-h intervals. Blood glucose levels were measured from each group immediately prior to injection, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 216 h after treatment. Animals receiving alloxan during the early- to middark period had an increase in blood glucose after 2 h, followed by a decline to hypoglycemic levels between 4 and 8 h, and recovery to hyperglycemic levels 48 h after alloxan exposure. Three and 30% of these animals were dead at 8 and 48 h, respectively. Mice treated during the midlight span had decreased blood glucose levels 2 h after alloxan treatment followed by an increase to diabetic hyperglycemia within 48 h. Twenty-three and 70% of the animals treated at 1430 h were dead at 8 and 48 h, respectively. At 216 h, total mortality was 45.6% and 81 of the 98 surviving mice were hyperglycemic. These data suggest a greater sensitivity to alloxan during the midlight resting period of the mice. This may be the result of increased sensitivity to the insulin released from the beta cells when alloxan was given during the light span.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1990

Chronobiology of exercise: the influence of scheduling upon glycemic responses of control and of subjects with diabetes mellitus.

Exercise programs contribute significantly to: a) improve cardiovascular fitness; b) lower blood pressure in hypertension; and c) facilitate glycemic control in subjects with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The mechanisms involved in promoting the above responses remain undetermined. Circadian phases at which exercise is applied could play a major role in optimizing the individual's physiological responses to exercise. In a pilot study, controls and a subject with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) were exercised at 0800 and 2000 hours: pedaling on an exercycle for 30 minutes at rates that maintained tachycardia at 70% of maximum reserve heart rates (Karvomen et al., 1957). All subjects were on "standard" rest-activity schedules (rest 2300-2400 to 0600-0700) and were allowed a single 360 ml Sustacal meal either at 2400 hours or at 1200 hours; i.e., 8 hours preceding the exercise program. Blood samples were obtained for determinations of glucose (finger tip) just before exercise (0 time) and at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes of exercise/post exercise periods. The results suggest that non-diabetics experience a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels which does not recover during the 60 minute sampling time when exercise was in the morning. However, when these individuals exercised during the evening, glucose levels did not fall as much on a percentage basis and full recovery was obtained within 40-60 minutes. In the case of the diabetic patient, after morning exercise, glucose levels did not decline and after 40 minutes had risen above resting glucose levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Comparative cervical microflora shifts after cefoxitin or cefazolin prophylaxis against infection following cesarean section.

The aerobic and anaerobic cervical microflora was determined before operation and on day 4 after operation in groups of women undergoing a clinical trial of prophylaxis with three doses of cefoxitin, cefazolin, or placebo for infectious complications of nonelective cesarean section. Floral shifts occurred post partum, with return of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis and a decrease in Candida colonization. No significant differences in flora existed preoperatively among patients receiving cefoxitin, cefazolin, or placebo, but by day 4, both antibiotic groups had greater enterococcal colonization. This difference was more marked with cefoxitin than with cefazolin. No difference in E. coli or B. fragilis colonization was noted by day 4 in placebo and antibiotic groups. Resistance developing in isolates in the antibiotic groups was mainly a result of enterococcal colonization. Results of this study indicate that a three-dose cephalosporin prophylactic regimen resulted in a significant selection of resistant enterococcal colonization but there was no increase in nosocomial infection in the antibiotic groups compared to the placebo group. There did not appear to be significant differences in either species selection or antibiotic resistance of aerobic or anerobic microflora between the cefoxitin and cefazolin groups.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1983

Multicenter comparison of cefoxitin versus cefazolin for prevention of infectious morbidity after nonelective cesarean section.

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of prophylactic cefoxitin, an antibiotic with good activity against anaerobic bacteria, with cefazolin, an agent effective predominantly against aerobes, was undertaken in 354 women who underwent nonelective cesarean section (124 receiving cefoxitin, 119 cefazolin, and 111 placebo). Among the placebo group, 24.3% developed genital tract-related infection, in comparison to 5.6% of the cefoxitin patients and 6.7% of the cefazolin patients (P less than 0.001). Standard febrile morbidity, fever index, and duration of postoperative hospital stay were also significantly less in the antibiotic prophylactic groups. For patients with febrile morbidity, the mean fever index was less in the cefoxitin group (24.8 degree-hours) than that in the cefazolin group (42.7 degree-hours), and this difference approached statistical significance (P less than 0.1, greater than 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay longer than 1 week for infectious morbidity occurred in 26% of cefoxitin patients, a significantly lower incidence compared to the 66% rate for patients who received cefazolin, and the 57% incidence for patients in the placebo group (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Autoimmune neutropenia in Hodgkin's disease.

A patient was profoundly neutropenic at the time of diagnosis of stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease. The neutropenia was not due to infection or bone marrow involvement by tumor. It did not respond to discontinuation of medication or to splenectomy, done for pathologic staging of Hodgkin's disease. The patient's serum contained abnormally increased granulocyte-binding antibody, which reacted with his own cells. The neutropenia resolved with high-dose prednisone therapy, and has not recurred after chemotherapy. Thus, immune neutropenia--as well as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura--can be associated with Hodgkin's disease. Recognition and treatment of such immune processes assume major importance in planning cytotoxic therapy for the underlying malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Single-strand nuclease action on heat-denatured spermiogenic chromatin.

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of chromatin from representative cellular stages of spermiogenesis to a single-strandeded nuclease after heat denaturation. Thermal denaturation of chromatin was assayed in situ in fixed round, elongating and elongated spermatids and in testicular sperm from mice. Production of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at elevated temperatures was monitored by digesting chromatin with endonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA (S1 nuclease), staining the residual DNA with gallocyanin-chrome alum (GAC) and measuring the stain content by absorption cytophotometry. Changes in GCA staining were minimal over the temperature range of 22-90 degrees C in each cell type not exposed to nuclease. Staining of undigested cells decreased progressively with advancing cell maturity. Nuclease had no effect on the GCA content of round spermatids below 60 degrees C, but above this temperature there was a progressive decrease in GCA-stainable chromatin. Both round and elongating spermatid stages showed a significantly greater sensitivity to nuclease digestion than did more mature stages; sperm showed no effects of nuclease action below 80 degrees C. Progressive chromatin condensation and a concomitant decrease in the number of available DNA phosphate groups during spermiogenic cell maturation may be responsible for the observed decline in sensitivity to nuclease and decreased GCA staining. Thermal denaturation of round spermatids labeled with 3H-thymidine produced no change in autoradiographic mean nuclear grain counts, indicating no loss of thymidine-labeled DNA from the slides during denaturation. When round spermatids and sperm were hydrolyzed with hot tricholoroacetic acid before staining, both nuclear GCA content and autoradiograph grain count were partially reduced, indicating incomplete DNA removal. Almost complete loss of Feulgen-stainable material occurred in these cells and may be due to depurination and elimination of Feulgren-reactant aldehyde groups.

Animals↗