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Biomedical subjects

J D Harrison

Publications and source records attributed to J D Harrison.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effect of tamoxifen and estrogen receptor status on survival in gastric carcinoma.

One hundred patients were entered in a randomized, controlled study of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in gastric carcinoma. Estrogen receptor status was established by an immunohistologic method (ERD5) and 55.8% of the tumors were positive. Tamoxifen had no overall effect on survival, but there was a significant decrease in the survival time of the patients with ERD5-positive tumors. Estrogen receptor status (by the ERD5 method) is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Tamoxifen therapy does not prolong survival, and new therapeutic strategies require investigation.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

The effect of sex hormones and tamoxifen on the growth of human gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines.

The authors studied the effect of serial concentrations of estradiol, 4-hydroxytamoxifen with estradiol, and 5-dihydrotestosterone on cell lines derived from human gastric and colorectal cancers. Significant stimulation of the gastric and 2 colorectal cell lines occurred at physiologic concentrations of estradiol. Addition of the active metabolite of the estrogen-receptor blocker/partial-agonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen had a stimulating effect on the growth rate of the gastric cell lines. The androgen, 5-dihydrotestosterone, had a modest inhibitory effect on the two gastric cell lines and two of the colorectal cell lines, and a stimulating effect on two further cell lines.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural observations on luminal structures of pleomorphic adenoma of parotid and submandibular salivary glands of man.

Luminal structures found in salivary pleomorphic adenomas consisted of lumina surrounded by epithelial cells that varied from being packed together to being widely separated except at the luminal margin. Communication between lumina and the surrounding stroma was occasionally seen. Secretory material and cellular debris were seen in lumina, invaginations of the luminal surfaces of periluminal cells, associated vesicles, and vacuoles. Secretory granules, lysosomes and lipofuscin were seen in periluminal cells. Secretory material and debris from necrotic periluminal cells appear to accumulate in lumina, and to be endocytosed and degraded lysosomally by periluminal cells. The finding of communications between lumina and the surrounding stroma suggests that the stromalization of the epithelium includes the luminal structures. The present investigation supports the hypothesis that many of the cellular features of the pleomorphic adenoma relate to the microenvironment.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1989

The presence of microcalculi in normal human submandibular and parotid salivary glands.

A search for microcalculi in 10 submandibular and 10 parotid glands obtained from autopsies revealed them in 8 submandibular glands in all decades from the third to the seventh, and in one parotid gland in the fourth decade. They were found in serous acinar cells, striated ductal cells, lumina and interstitium. They may form in autophagosomes in parenchymal cells and usually pass into lumina to be expelled in the saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural morphology of secretory granules in pleomorphic adenoma of human parotid and submandibular salivary glands.

Secretory granules were found in some of the cells lining the lumina of typical epithelial structures in pleomorphic adenomas. They were small, of varied electron density, and were mostly unipartite, sometimes bipartite and occasionally tripartite. They most closely resembled secretory granules of intercalary ductal cells of normal salivary glands.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1989

The distribution of 137Cs, plutonium and Americium in sheep.

Radiochemical measurements on tissues taken from sheep from the Cumbrian and Lancashire coast have given data which allow the tissue distribution and body content of plutonium isotopes, americium-241 and caesium-137 to be calculated. The data are particularly useful as the concentrations in lung confirm that for these animals the main route of intake is from the diet and not from inhalation. Plutonium and americium concentrate in the liver and skeleton. Caesium-137 was, as expected, found mainly in the meat of the animals. Additionally a controlled feeding experiment has been conducted to determine the gastrointestinal absorption of plutonium and americium from contaminated vegetation. A value of 0.01% for plutonium and 0.005% for americium was determined.

Americium↗
PubMed1989

Randomised study of prophylactic parenteral sulbactam/ampicillin and cephazolin in biliary surgery: significant benefit in jaundiced patients.

Two hundred consecutive patients undergoing biliary-tract surgery were entered into a randomized trial of prophylactic single dose cephazolin or sulbactam/ampicillin. There was no overall difference in the infection rates between the two antibiotic groups, but in the group of patients with jaundice there was an excess of wound infections in the cephazolin group compared to the sulbactam/ampicillin group (35% vs. 14%). We conclude that sulbactam/ampicillin is a satisfactory prophylactic agent for use in biliary-tract surgical sepsis, and that it may be superior to cephazolin in jaundiced patients.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

Transluminal iliac angioplasty with distal bypass surgery in patients with critical limb ischaemia.

Transluminal balloon angioplasty of the iliac artery was combined with a distal bypass graft procedure in 25 patients with critical ischaemia of the lower limb. Eleven patients had angioplasty in the operating theatre before a vascular graft and the remaining 14 patients had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty performed in the X-ray department before bypass surgery. The distal bypass grafts were 20 femoropopliteal and five femorofemoral grafts. Two patients died in the immediate postoperative period. Follow-up of patients ranged from 2 to 26 months with a graft patency of 63% at 12 months and 50% at 24 months but successful limb salvage rate of 75% at 12 and 24 months. Six patients required major amputations for failure of limb salvage. Transluminal iliac angioplasty is a valuable adjunct to distal bypass surgery by improving arterial inflow without the requirement for major aorto iliac surgery.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

CEA and CA 19.9 in gastric juice and serum: an aid in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma?

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pH on the measurement of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), and to assess the efficacy of a combination of serum and gastric juice levels of CEA and Carbohydrate Antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9) in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. An initial experiment was performed to determine the effect of pH on the CEA assay. There was a direct linear relationship between pH and the concentration of CEA measured by the assay, such that as hydrogen ion concentration increased, the apparent concentration fell. The correct value was measured at pH 7. Seventy-six normal patients with non-malignant upper gastro-intestinal disorders, and 49 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied, two of which were 'early' gastric carcinomas. All patients underwent upper GI endoscopy, and at this examination blood and gastric juice were taken for analysis. A 'normal range' was constructed as a 95% confidence interval for each of the antigens in serum and gastric juice. The highest sensitivity was achieved using a combination of the two antigens, CEA and CA 19.9 in gastric juice and serum, with a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 50%. This combination of assays could have value in a screening programme for gastric cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural phosphatase histochemistry of submandibular and parotid salivary glands of man.

Thiamine pyrophosphatase was demonstrated in the Golgi complex and acid phosphatase in the GERL of acinar cells of submandibular and parotid glands and were previously demonstrated in cells of intercalary ducts. Thiamine pyrophosphatase was also demonstrated in the Golgi complex of cells of striated and excretory ducts and myoepithelial cells. Acid phosphatase was also demonstrated in lysosomes. Alkaline phosphatase was rarely demonstrated light microscopically at luminal surfaces of striated and excretory ducts and electron microscopically in luminal vesicles in cells of striated ducts. The demonstration of the phosphatases in Golgi complexes and GERLs indicates that investigations on these structures in experimental animals are relevant to human salivary glands and supports the opinion that ductal cells as well as acinar cells secrete organic material. The presence of alkaline phosphatase at luminal surfaces of striated and excretory ducts suggests that resorption as well as secretion may occur in them.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Plutonium and americium uptake in rats fed with Cumbrian shellfish--implications for estimates of dose to man.

Winkles (Littorina littorea) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected on the Cumbrian coast contain americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium discharged from the nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield. Shellfish have been fed to rats and measurements made of the gastrointestinal absorption of the actinides. For shellfish collected over a 1-year period from March 1983 to February 1984, the average values for the fractional absorption of plutonium and americium were 9 x 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4), respectively, for winkles and 1.5 x 10(-3) and 6 x 10(-4), respectively, for mussels. Comparisons with results for winkles collected in December 1981 and mussels collected in July 1982 suggest that there may be considerable seasonal variation in the availability of the actinides for absorption. The results suggest that in calculations of doses to individuals consuming shellfish in west Cumbria, it may be prudent to examine the effect of using the new ICRP gut transfer factor of 1 x 10(-3) for both actinides, in comparison with the value of 5 x 10(-4) recommended previously by NRPB. The use of 1 x 10(-3) would increase the estimate of the committed effective dose equivalent for 1985 intakes, from the value of 0.73 mSv calculated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, to 1.29 mSv. However, taking into account up-to-date estimates of the retention of the actinides in liver and bone would reduce this value to 1.07 mSv. If, in addition, allowance is made for the effect of the burial and recycling of actinides in bone, a significant reduction in the dose estimate could result; for example, the use of one proposed dynamic bone model would reduce the value from 1.07 to 0.54 mSv.

Americium↗
PubMed1987

Experience with the 'skew flap' below-knee amputation.

A review of 353 lower limb amputations over the last 7 years has been performed to assess the results of the skew flap myoplastic below-knee amputation which was introduced in April 1983 because of reported advantages in terms of wound healing and earlier ambulation. Comparing the first 3 1/2 year period with the second, the total number of amputations decreased by 31 per cent. The number of above-knee amputations remained similar in the two periods (82,62), whilst the number of Gritti-Stokes amputations fell from 79 to 21 (0.001 greater than P greater than 0.01). The proportion of below-knee (BK) amputations increased from 50 (23.7 per cent) to 59 (41.5 per cent) (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.025). The groups were comparable in terms of previous vascular surgery and co-existing medical conditions. The time to full stump healing was significantly shorter in the skew flap group compared with the earlier Burgess type BK amputation (P = 0.001), and there was a trend to fewer stump failures in the skew flap group. We therefore feel that the skew flap amputation gives superior results to the Burgess BK amputation in terms of healing and a lower complication rate, allowing a higher proportion of BK amputations to be performed. A prospective randomized trial of the two techniques is in hand to determine the accuracy of this hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural morphology of secretory granules of submandibular and parotid salivary glands of man.

Morphological variation among secretory granules of the same type of cell was found in the acini, intercalary and striated ducts, and collecting-ducts, and was greatest in serous and intercalary-duct cells. Secretory granules of monopartite and bipartite structure were seen in all these cell types; tripartite forms were seen in serous and intercalary-duct cells. A possible explanation for the variation is that one type of cell may be able to produce a range of secretory products and package them variously into secretory granules, thus creating different appearances.

Cytoplasmic Granules↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural and histochemical observations on microcalculi in chronic submandibular sialadenitis.

A search for microcalculi was made in 14 cases of chronic submandibular sialadenitis. Microcalculi were found in all cases. They were within serous acinar cells and ductal cells, within lumina, and interstitially. They were stained variably by periodic-acid/Schiff and Alcian Blue at pH 2.5. Ultrastructural analytical examination showed them to consist of crystals containing calcium and phosphorus. The observations support the possibility that microcalculi form in autophagosomes, enter lumina and occasionally become impacted to produce sialolithiasis and sialadenitis.

Humans↗