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Biomedical subjects

J D Harris

Publications and source records attributed to J D Harris.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of encoding and retrieval strategies on the recall of learning disabled and normal children.

Fifth- and sixth-grade learning disabled (LD) and normal boys and girls (N = 120) were presented 36 categorizable pictures in either a random or blocked (by categories) format. Recall was either free, cued, or constrained cued. LD children recalled fewer pictures than normal children except under the cued recall condition, a finding which suggests a failure on the part of LD children to employ retrieval strategies spontaneously. Clustering scores for LD and normal children did not differ. Therefore, the deficient recall of LD children did not appear to be associated with failure to use clustering as an encoding strategy. Both the encoding and retrieval conditions contributed significantly to the overall variance in amount recalled.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Locus of control and depth of processing in children.

A children's locus of control (LOC) measure was administered to 153 sixth-grade students who were subsequently assigned to one of four processing conditions. Groups were instructed to encode a word list semantically, acoustically, orthographically, or any way the S wished and to retain them for a later recognition test. Criterion variables included total number of words correctly recognized as well as four varieties of distractor choices. Support was provided for the contention that externals tend to encode stimuli in more superficial ways than do internals, although the amount of variance in recognition memory accounted for by the LOC measure was small. Encoding conditions had a marked effect on retention, and false distractor choices appeared to reflect the level at which stimulus words were encoded.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

The Cherwell splint: an ankle and foot orthosis for rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis often gives rise to painful collapse or partial collapse of the foot into valgus under load-bearing conditions, limiting the subject's ability to walk. However, the ankle joint frequently remains unimpaired. Thus, in serious cases a cosmetic splint is required which supports the foot whilst allowing the ankle to plantarflex and dorsiflex. The Cherwell ankle-foot orthosis has been designed and extensively tested in Oxford and elsewhere during the last four years, and can now be prescribed and supplied from three orthopaedic centres to meet this requirement.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Normal kinematics of the lumbar spine and pelvis.

A study was undertaken to provide a data base of pelvic and lumbar spinal movement during walking. The movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine in 48 male volunteers of age range 16 to 74 years were measured using a television/computer motion analysis system. The results were presented both as a range of movement in each plane and as a wave pattern for the movement in each plane. Cadence, the movements of the pelvis and spine in the sagittal plane, and the movement of the pelvis in the transverse plane all showed a negative correlation with age. Analysis of the wave patterns showed that the movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine relate to identifiable events in the gait cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Radiology of the bladder and urethra in blunt pelvic trauma.

Appropriate radiologic studies are mandatory for assessing the extent and nature of lower urinary tract injuries following blunt pelvic trauma. A flow sheet summarizing these radiographic studies is presented in Figure 24. With pelvic fracture, two injuries may be found--extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder and rupture of the posterior urethra. In some patients, these injuries may be combined. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder occurs as a result of a blow to the lower abdomen or pelvis in patients whose urinary bladder is distended at the time of injury. A pelvic fracture may or may not be present. Anterior urethral injuries are more commonly associated with instrumentation in the male patient; they may, however, occur as a result of blunt injury to the external genitalia or perineum.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1981

The effect of vasectomy on Sertoli cell function in rats.

In order to evaluate Sertoli cell function after vasectomy, we studied a group of 24 rats. Twelve animals underwent bilateral vasectomy and 12 control animals underwent a sham operation. At 3 and 8 weeks postvasectomy, six experimental and six control animals were sacrificed. Forty-eight hours before sacrifice, the efferent ducts of the testes of each animal were ligated to produce intratesticular androgen-binding protein (ABP) accumulation. Quantification of ABP was determined using a steady-state polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system and a 2 nM 3H-dihydrotestosterone label. The ABP of the vasectomized and control animals was expressed as both picomoles per milligram of protein and picomoles per organ and was found to be 0.28 +/- 0.06 and 0.42 +/- 0.09 for the control and vasectomized animals at 3 weeks and 0.46 +/- 0.07 and 0.52 +/- 0.08 for similar groups at 8 weeks. Comparison of these values revealed no statistical significance. Vasectomy, therefore, had no demonstrable effect on Sertoli cell function in the rat and our findings support the concept that ligation of the vas does not result in long-term biochemical testicular damage in the experimental animal.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dantrolene sodium on canine bladder contractility.

Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is currently used in the treatment of detrusorstriated sphincter dyssynergia and is thought to act primarily on striated muscle. The effect of this agent on smooth muscle in general is controversial, and its effect on urinary bladder smooth muscle in particular is not known. In an in vitro muscle bath system, dantrolene was found to have no statistically significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholine-induced canine detrusor muscle contractions.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1980

Radioisotope angiography in diagnosis of varicocele.

A varicocele, the most common surgically correctable cause of subfertility in men, is a manifestation of abnormal retrograde venous blood flow through the internal spermatic vein into the peritesticular pampiniform plexus. Methods of diagnosing the varicocele, including careful physical examination using a Valsalva maneuver as well as a Doppler stethoscope, remain somewhat subjective. Venography, while a reliable and objective technique, is invasive and not without morbidity. In the present study, 16 patients with clinically detectable varicoceles of various sizes were studied using a testicular radioisotope angiogram developed in our laboratory. Following the injection of 15 mg. of stannous pyrophosphate which results in tagging of the circulating red cell pool, 20 mCi. of 99m-technetium were administered in an intravenous bolus injection. The isotope binds to the pyrophosphate thus tagging the red blood cells and creating a blood-pooling agent with a relatively short half-life (six hours). Perfusion studies as well as static views of the scrotal contents, both in the supine and erect position, with and without Valsalva maneuver, were obtained using a gamma camera. The activity in each hemiscrotum then was quantitated using a digital computer. It is proposed that quantitation of this differential blood pool will make the identification of even subclinical varicoceles a potentially objective determination.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Positive bethanechol chloride supersensitivity test in hereditary sensory neuropathy.

An 11-year-old girl with hereditary sensory neuropathy (type II) presented with neurogenic bladder disease. Urodynamic evaluation revealed a sensory neurogenic bladder and a markedly positive bethanechol chloride supersensitivity test. This case report supports Lapides' original observation that a positive bethanechol chloride supersensitivity test may occur in pure sensory neurogenic bladder disease.

Bethanechol Compounds↗
PubMed1980

On the use of a three-words-per-item format in tests for the hearing of speech.

Single-word lists and sentence lists each have their own advantages and disadvantages for testing hearing for speech. A short history is offered of the attempts since 1941 to achieve the advantages of sentential material by presenting strings of grammatically unrelated words. Such material retains the several advantages of single-word tests. At least two recent tests using a three-monosyllables-per-item format with closed-response sets are seen to make significant advances over earlier tests in maximizing advantages and minimizing disadvantages of material presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Rehabilitation of the elderly stroke patient.

Early organization of a coordinated effort is essential in rehabilitating the stroke victim. The basic team, in addition to the attending physician, usually consists of a physical therapist, an occupational therapist and a rehabilitation nurse. A speech pathologist, a social worker, a dietitian or an orthotist may also be needed. Contractures, decubitus ulcers, thrombophlebitis and urinary tract infections can be avoided by vigorous attention to nursing details immediately after the stroke.

Aged↗