Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J D Hardy

Publications and source records attributed to J D Hardy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Epithelial and surfactant changes in influenzal pulmonary lesions.

Pulmonary epithelial cell destruction in mice infected with PR8-A influenza virus has been studied with light and electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry, and correlated with pulmonary surfactant activity. All epithelial cell types were infected by the virus, resulting in destruction, pneumonitis, and atelectasis by seven to ten days. Pulmonary surfactant activity decreased progressively following onset of infection, and was minimal by seven to ten days. Before types 1 and 2 alveolar pneumocytes regenerated, the regenerating bronchial cells grew peripherally into some of the denuded alveolar ducts and alveoli to form epithelial nodules. Eventually the types 1 and 2 pneumocytes regenerated to cover the alveolar surfaces that were not invaded by bronchial epithelium. This regeneration was associated with increased surfactant activity in the postinfluenzal lesions, suggesting that the type 2 pneumocytes are a source of surfactant.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of acupuncture anesthesia: a psychophysical study.

Four volunteers judged eight levels of thermal stimuli induced by a Hardy dolorimeter, varying in intensity from extremely painful to a low level seldom even perceived. Half of the 406 stimuli were applied during acupuncture and half either before insertion or after removal of the needles. The experimental design minimized or eliminated factors other than the needles themselves, i.e., no medication was given, the subjects were scientists accustomed to objectivity and, on a preceding day or days, all had become experienced in assigning numbers (individually chosen) to the sensations produced by the different stimuli. Galvanic skin resistance was also tested. The results did not show any influence of acupuncture on perception of pain or on galvanic skin resistance.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1975

The association of parathyroid adenoma and non-medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Thyroid carcinoma was discovered in five of 56 (8.9%) patients operated upon for hyperparathyroidism. In only one instance was a mass palpated preoperatively. An additional 26% of the 56 patients had either multinodular goiter or follicular adenomas. It is thus important to biopsy the thyroid nodules which may represent malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Aortic and other arterial injuries.

Three hundred sixty arterial injuries in 353 patients are reviewed. They covered a wide spectrum of injuries and included 36 aortic injuries and 19 cases of carotid truama. The mortality rate of 12% was in large part due to aortic injuries. Shock was the predominant cause of death. Infection was the most frequent non-fatal complication. Pulmonary complications were surprisingly uncommon. With methods and techniques discussed in the paper, 90% satisfactory end results were achieved. The amputation rate was 6% where extremity injuries were involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Massive Ringer's lactate infusion: comparison with dextrose 5% and whole blood.

The objectives of this study were to compare in dogs the effects of massive infusion of Ringer's lactate, 5% dextrose in water, and whole blood. Special interest centered upon lung function, central venous pressure, and dilutional effects upon the blood components. Three groups of 5 healthy dogs each received respectively Ringer's lactate, 5% dextrose, or whole blood over 60 minutes in the amount of 135 ml/kg. Arterial blood gases and pH, right atrial and systemic arterial pressures, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, and plasma sodium, chloride, potassium and protein levels were determined. Coagulograms and serum osmolality were examined in the early experiments. The purpose of the whole blood infusion was primarily to serve for comparison in the study of dilutional effects upon blood components. There was no statistically significant change in the arterial blood gas values or pH following Ringer's lactate infusion. The infusion of 5% dextrose in water produced moderate decline in arterial Pco2 and a temporary, slight fall in blood pH. Ringer's lactate infusion produced a prompt and statistically significant rise in central venous pressure. The infusion of 5% dextrose was followed by a late moderate decline in arterial blood pressure, possibly due to marked dilution of plasma sodium, chloride and potassium. It is concluded that massive Ringer's lactate infusion is capable of increasing right atrial pressure and presumably cardiac output. In healthy dogs, lung function was not impaired sufficiently to alter arterial blood gas values. However, where other previous or concomitant factors have diminished pulmonary reserve, fluid overload may impose a serious additional burden upon cardiopulmonary function.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Microelectrophoresis of PGE1 onto single units in the rabbit hypothalamus.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) when micro-injected into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) of conscious rabbits is a potent pyrogenic agent. We have investigated the action of PGE1 on the activity of single units of the PO/AH area using the microelectrophoretic technique. One hundred and thirty-eight PO/AH units were tested both for their response to changes in local PO/AH temperature and for their response to PGE1 application. Less than 9.0% of the total population of units tested showed any response to PGE1 application. When present, the response was invariably one of mild facilitation. No specific unit type (thermally sensitive or insensitive) appeared to be selectively affected by PGE1. Thus, the proportion of units affected by PGE1 was constant at 8-10% for warm-sensitive, cold-sensitive, or thermally insensitive units. There was no evidence to support an antagonistic role for PGE1 on the effects on norepinephrine on PO/AH units. On the basis of these results, we cannot predicate any simple neuronal basis for the action of PGE1 in producing fever in conscious rabbits. However, it is suggested that the action of PGE1 might be the modulation of presynaptic release of neurotransmitter onto the units of the PO/AH area.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The destruction of type 2 pneumocytes by airborne influenza PR8-A virus; its effect on surfactant and lecithin content of the pneumonic lesions of mice.

Influenzal pneumonia has been studied in mice subjected to sublethal doses of airborne PR8-A influenza virus. Electron microscopy revealed that the virus propagated in and at the same time destroyed the ciliated and nonciliated bronchial cells and the types 1 and 2 alveolar pneumocytes. The regenerating bronchial membranes were metaplastic and grew peripherally into the surrounding alveolar ducts and alveoli to form epithelial nodules which caused obstruction and collapse of the involved lobes. The development of the lung lesions was correlated with phospholipid (lecithin) levels in consolidated and unconsolidated infected and normal lungs. As the lungs became more and more consolidated, there was a corresponding and significant decrease in the amount of phospholipid (dipalmitoyl lecithin) compared to the amount of normal or unconsolidated infected tissue. The destruction of the type 2 pneumocytes by the influenza virus and their failure to regenerate is considered to be the reason for the low phospholipid levels in the involved lobes, and thus an important cause of post-influenzal collapse in mice. The above adds additional evidence to the view that the type 2 pneumocytes are a major source of surfactant in mammalian lungs.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

Arterial injury and massive blood loss: a case report of management of pelvic gunshot injury with femoro-subscrotal-femoral bypass and 116 units of blood.

A case of massive shotgun injury to the left thigh and hip is reported. The patient received 116 units of blood, and a femoro-subscrotal-femoral vein graft was employed to save the left leg. A Teflon wool blood transfusion filter, used from the beginning of therapy, was believed to have been a major factor in preventing significant pulmonary complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Aneurysms of the popliteal artery.

Thirty-one aneurysms of the popliteal artery in 23 patients have been studied. Twenty-nine aneurysms were secondary to atherosclerosis, while one was secondary to trauma and one was associated with a coagulopathy. The lesions were bilateral in eight patients and were associated with extra-popliteal aneurysms in ten patients; the abdominal aorta was the most frequent extrapopliteal site. All except two of the 23 patients were over 50 years of age, and many exhibited atherosclerosis and related symptoms in other vessels. Ischemic rest pain was the most common presenting symptom in patients with popliteal aneurysm, but three of the patients were asymptomatic. The most common physical sign was a palpable popliteal mass in 25 patients, with impending gangrene distal to the aneurysm in four. Thrombosis occurred in 11 of the aneurysms, embolism in three, and rupture in two. Amputation was eventually necessary in five patients with thrombosis and in one patient with embolism. Of 16 patients presenting with a complication of popliteal aneurysm, six patients eventually required amputation. All popliteal aneurysms should be treated surgically and arterial continuity restored unless contraindicated by the over-all condition of the patient. The saphenous vein represents the optimal replacement material available at this time, but fabric grafts can be used successfully.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Successful orthotopic allotransplantation of hearts from dogs in irreversible shock.

The viability of the heart from irreversibly shocked dogs was evaluated. Thirty-one mongrel dogs were used to develop a uniformly lethal hemorrhagic shock model. The final model utilized a 30 mm. Hg mean arterial pressure with a 40 percent decompensation (uptake of reservoir blood). All control dogs subjected to this procedure died within 24 hours. Eleven hearts were transplanted following the shock procedure. Blood samples were drawn at intervals and analyzed for Po2, pH, glucose, oxygen content, and hematocrit. Cardiac outputs and ECG's were taken before and after transplant. All parameters measured returned to control levels following the transplants. Of the dogs receiving heart transplants, 10 survived more than 24 hours and eight survived more than 7 days. Compared with the survival of the shock model experiments, the survival of the transplant recipients was significant at the p less than 0.01 level. These results suggest that deterioration of the heart is not the factor which prevents recovery from irreversible hemorrhagic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Heart transplantation in endotoxin shock.

The condition of the heart from dogs in endotoxin shock was evaluated, and all dogs in the control group receiving 5 milligrams per kilogram to Eschericia coli endotoxin died within two to 14 hours. Hearts from four other dogs receiving the same dosage of endotoxin were allografted orthotopically into healthy recipient dogs. The donor heart was taken in the terminal phase of shock, after the blood pressure of the donor had declined to 50 millimeters of mercury or less. All four heart allografts functioned normally in the healthy hosts, demonstrating that lethal levels of gram-negative endotoxin do not produce direct irreversible damage to the myocardium or to the conduction mechanism of the heart. This also was shown in one pair of monkeys; the donor monkey had received ten times the dosage of endotoxin used in the dogs. This heart transplant model offers considerable advantage in functional studies of the heart after irreversible shock.

Animals↗