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Biomedical subjects

J D Hardy

Publications and source records attributed to J D Hardy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Phencyclidine and behavior: II. Active avoidance learning and radial arm maze performance.

Rats with injections of 4 or 8 mg/kg of phencyclidine (PCP) are impaired in the acquisition of active avoidance learning and radial arm maze performance. This impairment was not due to a change in detectability of aversive stimuli or the inability to perform the correct response. The primary deficit appears to be the inability of PCP injected animals to encode the appropriate attributes (e.g., environmental context, response selection, and emotion) associated with each task.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Long-term memory for contextual attributes: dissociation of amygdala and hippocampus.

Rats were given passive avoidance training within a distinctive environment followed by subseizure level stimulation of the hippocampus or amygdala. The animals were then tested for retention of the aversive experience using a partial cue (subset of the original training environment) and a complete cue (the original training environment). Post-trial hippocampus stimulation produced a retention deficit in both the partial and complete cueing conditions, while post-trial amygdala stimulation produced an intermediate retention deficit in the partial, but no deficit in the complete cueing condition. It is proposed that the hippocampus, but not the amygdala, is involved in processing of the environmental context utilizing spatial temporal attributes.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Lung abscess revisited. A survey of 184 cases.

One hundred eighty-four patients with lung abscess, admitted to the Hospital of the University of Mississippi between 1960 and 1982, were studied with respect to sex (149 men and 35 women), age (mainly fourth to sixth decades), location of abscess(es) (RLL, RUL, and LLL mainly), predisposing factors (aspiration in sensorium disorders, obstruction, gingivo-dental suppuration, immunoincompetence) and nonoperative (89%) and operative (11%) therapy, usually lobectomy. Data from the different decades were compared, but there were few major differences. Mortality rate was 22% in the 1960s, 25% in the 1970s, and 28% in 1980-1982. Major management problems involved massive pulmonary hemorrhage, impaired immune defenses, old-age debility, bronchopleural fistula with empyema, or very large cavity. Anaerobic bacteria predominate and penicillin is the treatment of choice. Incidence of operation is declining, but cases are more often complicated. Prognosis is good in the uncomplicated case.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in arteriole in acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and recovery in rat.

After 1 h of exposure to 0.5 atm of pressure, the electron microscopy of intra-acinar arterioles of the young female adult rat showed edema and subendothelial blebs. Pulmonary hypertension developed rapidly with an increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and right ventricular weight. By 24 h, there was a threefold increase in the number of fibroblasts within the arteriolar wall, followed during the next 2 days by transformation of the fibroblast through a transitional cell form to a smooth muscle cell. By 1 wk, the neomuscularization was essentially complete. There was further minor thickening and increase in density of the wall over the next 9 mo. On return to 1 atm after prolonged hypoxia, within 4 wk, the smooth muscle of neomuscularized arterioles dedifferentiated but did not disappear. There was a concurrent rapid fall in the pulmonary arterial pressure, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and right ventricular weight. Veins, capillaries, and arteries remained normal. Parallel studies in the male rat during 14 days of hypoxia demonstrated the same phenomena except slightly accelerated over the female. The rapid sequential changes in the arteriole, beginning with subendothelial blebs and wall edema, followed by fibroblast recruitment and transformation into smooth muscle through a transitional cell form, suggest a cascade. The anatomic and physiological responses to hypoxia are not sex related.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Radioimmunodetection of human colorectal cancers by an anti-tumour monoclonal antibody.

In 10 out of 11 patients with colorectal cancer radiolabelled antitumour monoclonal antibody (791T/36) was localised to the tumour. The mean tumour to non-tumour uptake ratio of antibody demonstrated by imaging with a gamma camera was 4.4/1 after subtraction of background radioactivity. The antibody did not localise in one patient who had received radiotherapy to his tumour two weeks previously. In 5 patients with primary neoplasms localisation of the antibody was confirmed by further imaging of the resected specimens and in-vitro radioactivity counting of the tumour and comparison with the activity in adjacent normal colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tumor markers.

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary fungal infection. Survey of 159 cases with surgical implications.

A survey of 159 cases of pulmonary fungal disease treated at the Hospital of the University of Mississippi is presented. The fungal diseases encountered were blastomycosis, 75 cases (47%); histoplasmosis, 38 cases (24%); aspergillosis, 17 cases (11%); cryptococcosis, 13 cases (8%); nocardiosis, nine cases (6%); and actinomycosis, seven cases (4%). Coccidioidomycosis is not endemic to Mississippi. Histoplasmosis was probably more common than diagnosed, but clear cytologic evidence or detection of the organisms was the rigid criterion required for diagnosis. Immunosuppressed patients appeared to be especially susceptible to infection by certain of the fungi. Fungal diseases were found to mimic numerous other pulmonary lesions, and specific diagnosis was often long delayed. Seventy-one operations were required for diagnosis or therapy or both, with two deaths. The major pulmonary complications of the several fungal diseases have been reviewed. Pulmonary hemorrhage constituted the major emergency. Amphotericin B was the mainstay of drug therapy, but upon occasion stilbamidine, penicillin, sulfonamides, and other agents were useful in specific circumstances. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate drug therapy, and judicious operative intervention when required will achieve gratifying clinical results in the vast majority of pulmonary fungal diseases.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1981

Phencyclidine and behavior: I. Sensory-motor function, activity level, taste aversion and water intake.

Phencyclidine (PCP) injections in rats at doses of 4 mg/kh increased activity level, which might have been a function of impaired habituation. At doses of 8 mg/kg PCP produced a marked reduction in activity level. At doses of 12 mg/kg and above there were profound disruptive effects in detection of odors, visual square and touch measures, and performance of placing reflexes requiring visuo-motor coordination, righting, grasping reflexes, and equilibrium. Decreases in water intake occurred only at higher dose levels of PCP (16 and 24 mg/kg). On a qualitative basis the changes observed in rats are similar to changes described for humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lung carcinoma: survey of 2286 cases with emphasis on small cell type.

Lung carcinoma is the commonest major malignancy in men in the United States and its incidence is increasing rapidly in women. It is estimated that there will have been 117,000 new cases and 101,300 deaths in 1980. The 2286 patients with lung carcinoma admitted to the Hospital of the University of Mississippi from 1955 to 1980 were reviewed by decades of chronology and of life, with respect to age, cell type, sex and racial incidence. The greatest age incidence was in the sixth and seventh decades; cell types overall were epidermoid (45% of the patients), adenocarcinoma (12% of the patients), small (oat) cell (21% of the patients), and others (22% of the patients). There was a steady increase in the incidence of disease in females, adjusted for total hospital admissions, and a less certain increase among black patients. Twenty-eight per cent of 250 patients with small cell carcinoma so studied exhibited some feature of the paraneoplastic or paraendocrine syndromes. In 41 patients with small cell carcinoma treated with multiple drug chemotherapy, there was an overall response rate of 50% and an additional "stable disease" rate of 28%. Mean survival period in this group was 52 weeks, compared with 12 weeks in patients whose diseases went untreated. Clearly, definite progress is being made, not only in our knowledge of the biology of lung carcinoma, in general, but in the treatment of small cell carcinoma in particular.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Cost awareness.

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Awareness↗
PubMed1980

Arterial surgery for arm ischemia. A survey of 136 patients.

A series of 136 patients with upper extremity ischemia requiring operative correction is presented. Causes of the ischemia included trauma, atherosclerosis, embolism, iatrogenic causes, radiation injury, and cervical rib syndrome. Operations included primary repair, various bypass grafts and embolectomy. Illustrative case reports are used to emphasize important points. The subclavian, axillary and brachial arteries have been considered separately. In general, ischemia of the arm caused by a discrete lesion is amenable to surgical correction with an excellent change of success.

Adolescent↗