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J D Grabenstein

Publications and source records attributed to J D Grabenstein.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

People vaccinated by pharmacists: descriptive epidemiology.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic, clinical, and attitudinal characteristics of people vaccinated by pharmacists, using a multistate sample of pharmacists and a more extensive set of parameters than previous studies. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 1,730 adults vaccinated at 21 community pharmacies in 17 cities in 10 states. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vaccinees' age, sex, and selected demographic characteristics; current medications and prescription use patterns; distance traveled to pharmacy; and opinions about vaccine providers. RESULTS: 60% of respondents were women; average age was 54 +/- 15 years. One-quarter were age 65 years or older. About 9% were younger than 65 and took medication for chronic heart or lung disease or diabetes. Almost half took prescribed medications chronically, and 84% came to the pharmacy intending to be vaccinated. All of the respondents believed they were treated respectfully. Many respondents considered the pharmacy advantageous, compared with other vaccine providers, based on access, proximity, trust, convenience, and/or cost. CONCLUSION: Respondents vaccinated by a community pharmacist were satisfied with the experience and would recommend it to others.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunization outreach using individual need assessments of adults at an army hospital.

A comprehensive assessment of the immunization status of 2,451 adults was carried out at Walter Reed Army Medical Center's Allergy-Clinical Immunology Service, Washington, DC, during an influenza immunization program from October 1985 through February 1986. More than 66 percent of those screened needed either immunization other than for influenza, or an immunologic test, a decline from 72 percent noted during a 1984-85 influenza immunization program. The mean number of interventions was 2.00 per patient in the 1985-86 program and 2.26 during the previous program. Of patients screened in the period 1985-86, 20.5 percent received diphtheria-tetanus toxoids, 15.7 percent received pneumococcal vaccine, and 23.1 percent received a tuberculin skin test. Vaccination or titers for measles were ordered for 10.4 percent, for rubella for 10.9 percent, and for hepatitis B for 20.3 percent. Assessment of those who came to the clinic for influenza vaccination in the second program demonstrated that the needs of some patients had been met in the first program. However, a general lack of immune protection existed in the majority of patients screened in the second program. In both programs, those older than 59 years needed pneumococcal vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids more frequently than the general population. The means of the numbers of interventions and the percentages of patients needing intervention other than influenza vaccine declined from the first program to the second, suggesting progress in meeting some individual immunization needs in a large and changing ambulatory population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The average daily dose of fluoride: a model based on fluid consumption.

The quantity of fluoride needed to prevent caries but avoid dental fluorosis is unknown. To estimate the desired daily dose of fluoride, we analyzed fluid consumption data from a stratified random sample of 7,345 children studied during the 1977-78 US Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and applied it to Dean's observations of optimally fluoridated communities in the 1940s. The average daily fluoride intake per kilogram body weight from optimally fluoridated tap water was highest (0.080 mg/kg/d) from 7 to 9 months of age, and declined linearly to 0.034 mg/kg/d at 12.5 to 13 years of age. The mean was 0.068 +/- 0.008 mg/kg/d from birth to age 7 years, and 0.042 +/- 0.006 mg/kg/d from age 7 to 13 years. The American Academy of Pediatrics supplementation schedule delivers fluoride dosage rates that are below our findings of the average daily dose of fluoride after the third month of life, although the two curves are within 0.006-0.013 mg/kg/d from 3 months to 16 years of age. While supplementation alone does not exceed the average daily dose of fluoride, the cumulative effects of fluoride from tap water, processed foods, ingested toothpaste, and dental treatments after the third birthday should be evaluated for their role in the increased prevalence of fluorosis.

American Dental Association↗