Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J D Godwin

Publications and source records attributed to J D Godwin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Computed tomography for follow-up of chronic aortic dissections.

Patients who have chronic dissections of the aorta are prone to re-dissection, extension of dissection, aortic aneurysm, and aortic rupture. Computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement provides a convenient, noninvasive method for follow-up of these patients. We used CT in a group of twelve patients who were treated for aortic dissection. CT demonstrated re-dissection, aneurysmal dilation of the aorta, and delayed filling of the false lumen. CT also showed persistent patency of the false lumen in almost all of the postoperative cases.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary emboli by computed tomography in the living dog.

Computed tomography (CT) provides a noninvasive alternative to arteriography in detecting central pulmonary thromboembolism. It is uncertain, however, if smaller, more peripheral clots can be diagnosed by means of CT because of the low spatial resolution and the possible motion artifacts that result from long exposure time. The peripheral pulmonary arteries of five dogs were embolized with boiled autologous clots. The location and size of the thromboemboli were then determined using arteriography. One dog died after embolization. In three of the four remaining dogs, CT scans, after slow intravenous injection of contrast material, showed the emboli as filling defects in the appropriate lobar and segmental arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography: a new method for diagnosing tumor of the heart.

An unsuspected metastasis of liposarcoma of the heart was detected on a computed tomographic (CT) examination of the chest. Further CT study with i.v. contrast administration gave excellent delineation of the tumor. Compared with two-dimensional echocardiography and angiocardiography, CT was best at showing the myocardial and intrapericardial extension of the tumor, but did not show movement of the tumor during the cardiac cycle. CT is a useful noninvasive method for evaluating cardiac metastasis. Its advantages and disadvantages with respect to echocardiography and angiocardiography are discussed.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1981

Thoracic computed tomography in superior sulcus tumors.

Computed tomography (CT) can be helpful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with a superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumor. The cross-sectional format and tissue resolution of CT better demonstrate the relationship of tumor to significant anterior structures (subclavian artery and vein, trachea, and esophagus) and posterior structures (chest wall and vertebral bodies) than do conventional techniques. Invasion of the subclavian vessels, mediastinum, or vertebral bodies contraindicates surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Repair of dissection of the thoracic aorta. Evaluation of false lumen utilizing computed tomography.

During the period 1975 to 1980, 21 patients with thoracic aortic dissections underwent surgical treatment. The operative technique was resection and tube graft replacement of the segment of the aorta containing the entry point into the false channel. Eleven Type A and 10 Type B dissections were resected. The hospital survival rate was 95%. The single operative death occurred in a patient with an acute Type A dissection. Three patients had total resection of the dissected segment; three had clotted false lumina; five had distal anastomosis to true and false lamina; and 10 had distal anastomosis to the true lumen only, with proximal entry into the false lumen obliterated by incorporating both intimal and adventitial walls in a single suture line. The late survival rate was 95% (mean 32 months, range 8 to 63 months). No late ruptures occurred. Computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement was used to evaluate the aorta and any residual false lumen at follow-up. Seven of eight patients in whom obliteration was attempted and CT scans performed demonstrated persistence of false lumen perfusion; in six of the eight, preoperative angiograms were adequate for evaluation of false lumen runoff. Major vessels arose from the false lumen in all cases, except in the one patient in whom obliteration was later successful. This report demonstrates that there is persistence of false lumen perfusion in patients in whom obliteration is attempted, and the mechanism of this persistence is the presence of major vessel runoff. It suggests that the mechanism by which long-term survival is achieved is by resection of the segment of aorta containing the entry site, which is frequently the site of subsequent enlargement and rupture, rather than obliteration of the false channel.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of dissections and aneurysms of the thoracic aorta by conventional and dynamic CT scanning.

Conventional computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast injection effectively demonstrates the features of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta (dilatation, calcification, intraluminal thrombus, and displacement and erosion of adjacent structures). In aortic dissection, CT can establish the diagnosis by demonstrating (a) double channels with an intimal flap or (b) displaced intimal calcifications if one channel is thrombosed. Dynamic CT following a contrast bolus shows the relative rate of filling of the true and false channels and demonstrates the intimal flap with optimum clarity. Reformatted CT images (paraxial and oblique) display the entire thoracic aorta in the plane of the arch, resembling an aortogram. CT is noninvasive and can be easily repeated to assess progress. Although aortography is still required prior to surgery in some cases, CT is a safe screening procedure that may avoid some invasive angiographic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Multiple, thin-walled cystic lesions of the lung.

A variety of diseases produces or mimics multiple, thin-walled, air-containing cavities or cysts in the lung. Although some causes of this pattern are common (bullous emphysema, multiple pneumatoceles), others are relatively rare (cystic bronchiectasis, histiocytosis X, tracheobronchial papillomatosis, and lucite ball plombage). To some extent, the radiographic features of these lesions allow their differentiation, but differential diagnosis can be difficult. This paper reviews their principal features.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of pulmonary embolism.

Computed tomography (CT) can provide a noninvasive alternative to pulmonary arteriography for pulmonary embolism in selected circumstances. Three cases that demonstrate the technique and initial clinical experience are reported. Illustrated are: (1) CT detection of massive central pulmonary thromboembolism in a critically ill girl in whom the risk of complications from pulmonary arteriography was considered especially high; (2) the use of CT for serial examinations for follow-up of central thromboembolism, avoiding repeat angiography; and (3) preoperative CT delineation of organized thrombus in the proximal right pulmonary artery, an area not adequately evaluated on selective pulmonary artery injections. CT effectively displayed emboli and thrombi in central pulmonary arteries in each patient. Its application to embolus detection in peripheral arteries was not investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Comparative epidemiology of carcinoid and oat-cell tumors of the lung.

Oat-cell carcinoma and bronchial carcinoid share histologic features with the Kultschitzky cell, and this argues for a common origin from the Kultschitzky cell for these tumors. In this view, the carcinoid represents the less malignant form and the oat-cell carcinoma the highly malignant adenocarcinoma of the colon, the epidemiologies of the benign and malignant forms of tumor arising from the same precursor are similar. However, the epidemiology of carcinoid tumor and that of oat-cell carcinoma are different. Although the ectopic production of hormones links the two kinds of tumor, it is also seen in other histologic types of lung carcinoma. Lung carcinoids occur in the genetic disorder of multiple endocrine adenomatosis, suggesting a genetic etiology for at least some carcinoids. This contrasts with the exogenous etiologic agents of cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, and urban domicile for oat-cell carcinoma. All these strong differences between lung carcinoid and oat-cell carcinoma indicate a markedly different process of carcinogenesis, which casts doubt on the hypothesis of a common cell precursor.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Carcinoid tumors. An analysis of 2,837 cases.

Two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven cases of carcinoid tumor from files at the National Cancer Institute were analyzed statistically. Tumors were found in the lung, ovary, and biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. Most were in the appendix, rectum, and ileum. Age-adjusted incidence rates were higher for black males, except for lung carcinoids. Carcinoids showed several differences from other kinds of tumor, including a low age for appendiceal and lung cases and low male/female and black/white ratios in the lung. Percentages of concurrent neoplasms and multiple carcinoids were low compared to other series. Five-year relative survival rates ranged from 99% (appendix) to 33% (sigmoid colon). Survival for colon cases was not so low as expected on the basis of the high rate of metastasis. Some appendiceal carcinoids were metastatic and may have killed 1 patient. Findings are compared with other studies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residual cavities of lung metastases following chemotherapy.

At the sites of previously documented lung metastases from bladder carcinoma, computed tomography identified lung cavities that were virtually imperceptible by plain radiographs. Such thin-walled cavities, which developed following chemotherapy, have not been previously described in patients with bladder carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗