The diagnostic use of monoclonal antibodies against small cell lung carcinoma cells.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J D Elema
Publications and source records attributed to J D Elema.
Characterization of three new variant type cell lines derived from small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Three new, well growing cell lines (GLC-1, GLC-2, and GLC-3) have been established from small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and characterized. A subclone (GLC-1-M13) markedly different from its parent line GLC-1 was also isolated and characterized. Cytogenetic analysis of the cell lines revealed deletions in the short arm of chromosome 3 as a most consistent chromosomal aberration. The deleted region was not identical in all metaphases, 3p(21-23) being the shortest region of overlap. Despite their SCLC origin GLC-1, GLC-2, and GLC-3 do not show pronounced SCLC differentiation features. Neurosecretory granula were very rare (GLC-1) or completely absent (GLC-2 and GLC-3), whereas the SCLC-related enzyme and hormone markers L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase, neuron-specific enolase, creatine kinase BB, and bombesin-like immunoreactivity were variably expressed. Although the subclone GLC-1-M13 was derived from the poorly differentiated GLC-1, it behaved according to the above criteria as a differentiated "classic" SCLC cell line. When assessed with specific monoclonal antibodies the different cell lines appeared to express different subsets of intermediate filament proteins, indicative for different stages and directions of differentiation: "undifferentiated" (GLC-1 and GLC-2); "neural tissue related" (GLC-2); "simple epithelium" related (GLC-1-M13); and a combination of simple and squamous epithelium related (GLC-3). We conclude that GLC-1, GLC-2, and GLC-3 represent dedifferentiated forms of SCLC, related to the recently described "variant" type of SCLC, whereas the clonal derivate GLC-1-M13 behaves like a differentiated "classic" SCLC cell line.
Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
Classification of amyloidosis: immunohistochemistry versus the potassium permanganate method in differentiating AA from AL amyloidosis.
As systemic AA and Al amyloidosis differ considerably with regard to prognosis and therapeutic approach, it is of importance to make an accurate histochemical classification with regard to the amyloid protein involved. In the present study the results of the potassium permanganate (KMnO4) method, an indirect histochemical procedure based on differences in cross-beta-potential of different amyloid fibril proteins, were compared with the results of an immunohistochemical method utilizing anti-AA and anti-AP antibodies. Renal biopsy sections of patients with systemic amyloidosis related to inflammatory conditions, systemic amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia, idiopathic systemic amyloidosis, and nonamyloidotic controls were studied. Positive reaction of anti-AA was observed on all KMnO4-sensitive amyloid deposits, whereas the KMnO4-resistant amyloid deposits remained unstained, provided that highly purified anti-AA antiserum was used. Anti-AP produced not only comparable staining of both KMnO4-sensitive and -resistant amyloid deposits, but also of glomerular basement membranes and elastin layers of blood vessels in amyloid and control biopsies. The intensity of anti-AP reactivity was comparable with the reaction of anti-AA on KMnO4-sensitive amyloid deposits. The present results confirm the specificity of the KMnO4 method, which is a simple method available to every laboratory, in differentiating between AA and AL amyloidosis. Furthermore, the results indicate that, at least in renal biopsy specimens, anti-AP may serve as a general marker for AA and AL amyloid deposition; this finding is in contrast to the results of a recently published report.
Amyloid↗
Langerhans' cells and macrophages in eosinophilic granuloma. An enzyme-histochemical, enzyme-cytochemical, and ultrastructural study.
Biopsy material of six patients with eosinophilic granuloma (EG) was investigated by electron microscopic and enzyme-histochemical methods for acid phosphatase (AcP), leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (LA), adenosine triphosphatase, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (NE). Paraplast sections were used for demonstration of lysozyme with an immunoperoxidase method. Results of staining for these different enzymes suggested the existence of two separate sets of histiocytic cells: one type with "dot-like" AcP staining and negative for NE and lysozyme; and the other with diffuse AcP staining, positive for NE and lysozyme, and often showing signs of phagocytosis. The first type presumably represented Langerhans' cells and also often showed positive staining for LA. Macrophages were generally negative for LA. Electron microscopic study confirmed the impression gained from enzyme-histochemical studies. No intermediate cell types between Langerhans' cells and genuine macrophages were seen. From these results it is concluded that in EG no transformation exists between Langerhans' cells and macrophages. The latter are presumably of reactive nature.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Radiotherapy for inverted papilloma: a case report.
Inverted papilloma is an infrequent tumour of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses associated with controversy. The incidence of carcinoma in situ associated with inverted papilloma, has not been very well documented until now. Therefore, we present a case report characterized by an aggressive clinical behaviour, treated by extensive surgery and ultimately controlled by radiotherapy.
Carcinoma in Situ↗
Steroid-responsive interstitial pulmonary disease in systemic sclerosis. Monitoring by bronchoalveolar lavage.
We describe a 38-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis of recent onset and progressive dyspnea. Studies of pulmonary function revealed a restrictive ventilatory disorder with decreased diffusing capacity. Interstitial fibrosis and infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells with formation of follicles were observed in the lung biopsy. Analysis of fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage showed an increase in the total number of cells, with a relative increase in neutrophils. Also, the relative amount of the immunoglobulins, IgG and IgM, was increased. During corticosteroid treatment, rapid improvement of pulmonary volumes occurred, together with disappearance of neutrophils and an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes in the lavage fluid. Later on, the total number of cells in the fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage and the percentage of lymphocytes reached normal values. Bronchoalveolar lavage may be of value in assessing and monitoring pulmonary disease in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Adult↗
Glomerular sclerosis in nephrotic rats. Comparison of the long-term effects of adriamycin and aminonucleoside.
The development of focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis (FSGHS) and its relation to mesangial accumulation of macromolecular substances, lipids in particular, were studied in two models of the nephrotic syndrome, induced by puromycin aminonucleoside and adriamycin. Rats with chronic nephrosis induced by multiple subcutaneous injections of puromycin aminonucleoside during 12 weeks showed FSGHS lesions in 7.8% of their glomeruli. Only 0.3% of the glomeruli from rats with chronic nephrosis of 12 weeks' duration induced by one intravenous dose of adriamycin showed FSGHS lesions (p = 0.0012). Body weight curves, proteinuria, and serum levels of total protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were similar in both groups. The mesangial area in glomeruli of puromycin aminonucleoside-nephrotic rats showed significantly higher amounts of lipid as compared with glomeruli in adriamycin-nephrotic rats, and within FSGHS lesions in particular extensive accumulation of lipid was observed. In addition, increased lipid accumulation within the mesangial area was found in rats with acute (i.e., of 10 days' duration) puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis as compared with rats with acute adriamycin nephrosis. These differences in lipid accumulation between the two models may reflect differences in mesangial cell injury or, more likely, in function. In puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis the increased mesangial uptake of tracers is well known. Mesangial function in unilateral adriamycin nephrosis was studied using colloidal carbon as a tracer. No differences in mesangial handling of carbon were observed between adriamycin-perfused, contralateral nonperfused, and saline-perfused control kidneys. In chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis increased accumulation and incorporation of macromolecular substances, such as lipids in mesangial cells, may lead to overproduction of matrix substance with more trapping of lipids and eventually sclerosis. In adriamycin nephrosis normal mesangial activity and, consequently, low uptake of macromolecules and endogenous lipids may protect the glomerulus against sclerosis, notwithstanding increased serum lipid levels.
Animals↗
Local immune complexes and inflammatory response in patients with chronic interstitial pulmonary disorders associated with collagen vascular diseases.
Evidence is accumulating that the lung injury in collagen vascular diseases (CVD) is triggered by immune complexes (IC). These reactions are neutrophil- and complement-dependent. The direct, in vivo phagocytosis of IC by bronchoalveolar lavage polymorphonuclear leucocytes (BAL-PMN), was studied in 15 patients with CVD and chronic interstitial pulmonary disorders. A control group (NC) consisted of nine healthy, non-smoking volunteers. Concentrations of soluble IC were measured using a solid phase Clq ELISA assay, and an indirect, in vitro phagocytosis assay performed using healthy donor PMN. Local Ig and C3 concentrations were determined using laser nephelometry and Mancini techniques, respectively. In the patient group the total cell counts/ml recovered lavage fluid and the proportions of BAL-PMN were significantly increased (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001, respectively). The influxed PMN showed high scores of direct IC phagocytosis. Soluble IC concentrations were significantly increased compared with controls (all comparisons P less than 0.01), and in the BAL relatively higher than in the serum of the same patients. Concomitantly high local IgG concentrations were observed. Corticosteroid treatment gave rise to significantly decreased total cell counts (P less than 0.05), and proportions of BAL-PMN (P less than 0.001), a decrease in the in vivo IC phagocytosis (P less than 0.05), in the indirect, in vitro IC phagocytosis, in the Clq ELISA and in the local IgG concentrations (all comparisons P less than 0.001). We concluded that locally formed IC may induce an inflammatory response in the lungs of patients with CVD.
Adult↗
Radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with histiocytosis X.
The term histiocytosis X (HX) refers to a spectrum of disorders varying from unifocal eosinophilic granuloma (UEG), multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (MEG), to the Abt-Letterer-Siwe syndrome. In a series of 16 patients with different types of HX and skeletal lesions, whole body bone scintigraphy was performed at the time of diagnosis and during follow up. Results were compared with radiographic findings. In patients with MEG with or without extra-skeletal dissemination bone scintigraphy revealed cold spots or hot spots, but half of the lesions were not visualised scintigraphically, resulting in false negative scans. In UEG the lesions were visualised as areas of increased uptake or as a cold spot with increased uptake at its borders. No false negative scans were encountered. The reliability of skeletal scintigraphy in patients with HX seems to depend on the type of the disorder: in UEG bone scintigraphy is a safe procedure. In MEG false negative bone scans have to be expected, and radiography is superior.
Adult↗
Trophoblast alterations in the placental bed in relation to physiological changes in spiral arteries.
Ninety-three placental bed biopsies containing a segment of a spiral artery at the level of the decidual-myometrial junction (53 with and 40 without physiological changes) were histologically investigated for depth of trophoblastic penetration of the uterine wall, formation of trophoblastic multinucleated giant cells and the enzyme histochemical characteristics of the interstitial (stromal) and vascular (intramural) trophoblast. The depth of trophoblastic penetration was not related to the presence or absence of the physiological changes. Conversely, in the absence of physiological changes, a significant accumulation of multinucleated giant cells at the decidual-myometrial junction was found before 36 weeks of gestation. The enzyme histochemical characteristics of the placental bed trophoblast suggest a stromal migration of trophoblast to the proximal (decidual-myometrial) part of the spiral artery whereas the distal part might be invaded by intraluminal (upstream) invasion. The hypothesis is put forward that in the absence of physiological changes a disturbed stromal migration is caused by intrinsic (trophoblastic) or extrinsic (interstitial of vascular) factors expressed by the augmentation of the multinucleated cells at the decidual-myometrial junction.
Female↗
Concomitant presence of pregnancy-specific beta-I-glycoprotein (SP1) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[The treatment of patients with lung carcinoma].
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Antineoplastic Agents↗
Mesangial function and glomerular sclerosis in rats after unilateral nephrectomy.
To investigate the possible relationship between disturbance of mesangial function and segmental localization of glomerular sclerosis, five uninephrectomized male Wistar rats and five sham-operated controls received colloidal carbon intravenously. At 4 months 8.4 +/- 2.5% of the glomeruli of the nephrectomized rats showed focal sclerosis. Glomeruli of nephrectomized rats contained significantly more carbon than glomeruli of controls. Glomeruli with focal sclerosis contained significantly more carbon than normal glomeruli in the same kidneys with a preferential tracer localization within the lesions. In another experiment carbon injections were given before surgery. At 4 months 12.6 +/- 4.1% of the glomeruli of the nephrectomized rats showed focal sclerosis, an incidence not significantly different from that of the first experiment. Glomerular carbon content was equal in experimental and control rats and no preferential localization of the tracer within the lesions was found. From these results we conclude that the preferential localization of carbon in the glomerular lesions in rats nephrectomized before injection of carbon is caused by the increased delivery of tracer shortly after injection to those glomerular areas where sclerosis will develop at a later time. The development of focal sclerosis may be related to the local deposition of harmful substances from the circulation.
Animals↗
[The pathogenesis of focal sclerosis ].
The authors present a synthesis of their clinicopathological and experimental research on focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis. Rather than a separate entity, it should be viewed as a sequel of different nephropathies: nephrotic syndrome with minimal changes, heroin-nephropathy, membranous glomerulopathy, reflux nephropathy, etc., resulting more frequently in renal insufficiency. Glomerular sclerosis could be induced by the captation of serum lipids by the mesangium cells. And the localisation of the lesions is probably the consequence of the hemodynamic burden of some glomeruli. A better understanding of these risk factors should stimulate clinical research to find ways by which the negative effects of protein-loss and increased haemodynamic burden on remaining glomeruli can be improved.
Adult↗
Progressive obliterative bronchiolitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
Alkaline phosphatase positive lymphomas: a morphologic, immunologic, and enzymehistochemical study.
Among 87 cases of different non-Hodgkin lymphomas studied with morphologic, enzymehistochemical, and immunologic techniques, ten were found with a positive alkaline phosphatase staining reaction of the cell membranes. The ages of the seven adult patients included in this report varied between 48-85 years. Studies of cell suspensions or cryostat sections demonstrated the presence of monoclonal membrane immunoglobulins indicating a B-cell origin of these lymphomas. Investigation of peripheral blood of six patients revealed the presence of a corresponding monoclonal lymphocyte population in four. According to Rappaport's classification, lymphoblastic, poorly differentiated, and well-differentiated lymphocytic as well as histiocytic lymphoma were encountered. According to the "Kiel" classification, most lymphomas were classified in the group of follicle-center cell tumors. The clinical course of the patients was variable. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with alkaline phosphatase positive staining do not constitute a separate entity.
Aged↗
The glomerular mesangium: a comparative study of mesangial handling of iron dextran complex and endogenous IgG in mice and rats.
The function and channel system of the glomerular mesangium in mice and rats was investigated by studying the uptake and transport of intravenously injected iron-dextran particles, and the localization of endogenous IgG. Animals were killed at 30 min, 8 h, 1 and 3 days and 1 and 2 weeks after intravenous injection of iron dextran complex. It was found that the tracer was present maximally in the mesangium of the mouse at one day after injection whereas a maximum was not reached until the third day in the rat. Maximal levels of tracer particles in the extra-glomerular lacis area were found at three days in the mouse and at 2 weeks in the rat. Disappearance of the tracer from the blood as indicated by the measured serum iron levels did not seem to differ significantly in the two species. Using an ultrastructural immunoperoxidase technique, considerable amount of endogenous IgG were localized in the mesangial channel system in the stalk region and in the extraglomerular lacis area of mice, whereas in rats only very scanty endogenous IgG was present in these locations. It is suggested that the difference in mesangial handling of macromolecular material in mice and rats is more likely to be due to a different rate of transport through the mesangial channel system than to primary differences in mesangial phagocytotic activity.
Animals↗
Morphological changes of the spiral arteries in the placental bed in relation to pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation.
The spiral arteries at the level of the decidual-myometrial junction in the placental bed were examined histologically in 93 biopsies. Of these, 23 originated from normal uncomplicated pregnancies, 30 from pre-eclamptic and 40 from otherwise complicated pregnancies. The association of the "physiological changes' of the spiral artery with uncomplicated pregnancy and their absence in pre-eclampsia, as noted by Brosens and others, has been confirmed. In addition, in pregnancies without pre-eclampsia, these changes were significantly more often absent with fetal growth retardation. The hypothesis is put forward that hypertension of pregnancy is a compensatory mechanism to ensure an adequate blood supply to the placenta when the "physiological changes' fail to occur.
Arteries↗