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Biomedical subjects

J D Clapp

Publications and source records attributed to J D Clapp.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Environmental predictors of heavy episodic drinking.

This study examined the relationship between environmental characteristics and heavy episodic drinking by examining college students' last drinking events. For this study, 409 undergraduate students attending a large public university were randomly selected. Students were asked to report on their last drinking event within the 30-day period prior to being surveyed. There were 274 drinking events analyzed. Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify contextual factors predictive of heavy episodic drinking in specific drinking events. Drinking with friends, drinking beer and hard liquor, and having many people intoxicated at an event were predictive of heavy episodic drinking events. Dating events were protective of heavy episodic drinking. Implications for future research and prevention are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Substance use problems reported by college students: combined marijuana and alcohol use versus alcohol-only use.

This study examines the relationships among selected demographic characteristics, alcohol use only, alcohol plus marijuana use and substance-use related problems. Data are from 409 randomly selected undergraduate college students attending a large urban university. Poly-substance users were more likely than alcohol only users to be younger and experience all substance-use related problems studied. The relationship between poly-substance use and increased substance use-associated problems was also identified when controlling for other common predictors of substance use problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Self-report stability of adolescent substance use: are there differences for gender, ethnicity and age?

This study used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and is the first to examine a 2-year report stability of substance use among adolescents while stratifying for gender, ethnicity, and age. This study examined lifetime use and age at onset report stability, and the internal consistency of reports while excluding nonusers and incident cases (respondents who may have initiated substance use between the two reporting periods) from the analyses. Report agreement of lifetime use for each substance was over 80% and was highest among alcohol users and lowest for cigarette and marijuana users. Report agreement was higher for female compared to male cigarette users. External consistency of lifetime use of cigarettes and marijuana was higher for whites compared to Hispanic or African American adolescents. Internal consistency was high but lifetime use reports were more stable than age at onset reports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The relationship between the geographic density of alcohol outlets and alcohol-related hospital admissions in San Diego County.

Increasing concerns regarding the cost of medical care have led to research that has found a relationship between alcohol abuse, increased medical problems, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs. Research has also found a positive relationship between alcohol availability and crime, car accidents, and liver cirrhosis deaths. One area of interest is how alcohol availability, as measured by the number of alcohol outlets, is related to medical care needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the geographic density of alcohol outlets and the number of alcohol-related hospital admissions. Alcohol-related ICD-9 codes were selected based on epidemiologic research in the literature to determine alcohol-related morbidity from the California Discharge Data System, which collects information on all hospital admissions and discharges in California. In San Diego County, in 1996, 3,759 admissions were alcohol-related. Alcohol-related admissions for each zip code were compared to the number of liquor licenses that were held by each zip code through a multiple regression analysis. The regression model demonstrated that the number of liquor outlets was a significant predictor of alcohol-related hospital admissions, net of other predictors. Implications are discussed, including regulation of alcohol availability, which may have a beneficial impact on alcohol morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Deconstructing contexts of binge drinking among college students.

This paper examines the contextual characteristics common to binge drinking occasions reported by college students. In addition, the study examines the influence of such contextual characteristics on alcohol-related problems experienced by students. Using random sampling and telephone interview methodology, 401 college students attending a large southern California university were surveyed by trained research staff. The interview protocol was based on the Core Survey and included context of use questions from the College Risk Assessment Guide. Results of stepwise multiple logistic regressions indicate that drinking with friends and events with food available protect against alcohol problems, while drinking events in which illicit drugs are available present higher risk for problems. Implications for future research and prevention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A qualitative exploratory study of substance abuse prevention outcomes in a heterogeneous prevention system.

The prevention of abuse of alcohol and other drugs is a concern for parents, policy-makers, educators, and social service professionals. Prevention programs are sponsored by many different types of social and educational agencies using a variety of intervention strategies. This article reports a study of a sample of such programs in the state of Nevada. The overall prevention system in the state espouses a "risk and resiliency" approach to prevention. Focus group methodology was used to study perception of outcomes of these programs from the viewpoints of various program stakeholders (youth participating in the programs, parents of participants and program staff). Analysis of the qualitative data yielded findings about potential outcomes as well as implicit program theories. Implications for future planning efforts as well as further evaluation efforts are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Organizational factors related to AIDS/HIV education in outpatient substance abuse treatment units.

The association of HIV and AIDS with intravenous drug use is well documented. Given this, substance abuse treatment providers must figure prominently in any effective national response to HIV/AIDS. The strategies employed by human service managers to address AIDS may be important in explaining how substance abuse treatment units implement policies and programs concerning AIDS-related prevention services. This paper utilizes data from the National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey to examine how strategic activities concerning AIDS/HIV undertaken by outpatient substance abuse treatment unit managers impacted the provision of preventive AIDS-related services to clients. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate collaboration with other human service organizations and environmental scanning activities are important variables in explaining variation among substance abuse treatment units in the provision of AIDS prevention education to clients. Based on these findings, implications for future research and policy concerning AIDS prevention within the context of substance abuse treatment are made.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Ideology and social work practice in substance abuse settings.

The profession of social work has a unique role in preventing and treating alcohol and other drug problems. In human services settings shared beliefs or ideologies of care are expected to have substantial influence over the way in which problems are perceived and the types of service technologies used. Thus, it is important that social work professionals be cognizant of what beliefs they hold and how their beliefs about substance abuse treatment and prevention may affect practice. This article discusses current ideologies of care in the substance abuse arena, including the disease/abstinence, psychosocial, ecological, and harm-reduction approaches. In addition, this article examines managers' beliefs about substance abuse programs to determine if there are differences between those who have a social work background (that is, hold at least one social work degree) and those who do not. Suggestions for social work practice and future research also are provided.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Supervisor ideology and organizational response: HIV/AIDS prevention in outpatient substance abuse treatment units.

Distinct practice ideologies or ideologies of care are deemed to influence greatly the selection of intervention methods and the mix of services adopted by the providers. Examined here is the relation between clinical supervisor ideology and variation among human service organizations in their provision of HIV/AIDS prevention services. Data were drawn from a 1990 national, representative sample of outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) units. The study affirms that ideology is central to both means and ends in HSOs, helping to define the organization's mission and goals, and establishing guidelines for practice and procedures. Future research on the relationship between ideology and HIV/AIDS education can benefit from efforts to develop alternative strategies for measuring ideologies of care among both managers and staff in substance abuse settings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Life after funding: a strategy for survival of a program to prevent substance abuse.

Problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs are among the most serious public health threats found on college and university campuses in the United States. The United States Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education program has supported a nationwide effort among colleges and universities to address these problems. A key issue facing programs to prevent substance abuse is their prospect for survival as grant funding ends. In this article, the survival of one college-based alcohol and other drug prevention program and its move toward institutionalization in an extremely challenging fiscal environment are examined. The strategies described by the authors may be helpful for directors of other programs facing similar challenges.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1993

Alcohol consumption patterns and related problems: results of a county survey.

This study describes alcohol use in the general population of San Diego County. A random digit dial telephone survey was utilized to query 1656 adults about their drinking behavior. A quantity and frequency measure of alcohol consumption was used to classify drinking patterns. Alcohol problems were classified by acute problems and chronic problems. Males 18-25 years old reported the highest percentages of heavier drinking. Among females, this age group was also the most likely group to report heavier drinking. Overall, males and heavier drinkers were the most likely groups to report problems. However, lighter and moderate drinkers accounted for equal or greater percentages of each problem. Drinkers in the 18-25 year old age group were the group most likely to report the majority of all problems in both problem categories. Additionally, this group accounted for the majority of the reported acute problems.

Acute Disease↗