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Biomedical subjects

J D Cherry

Publications and source records attributed to J D Cherry.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of timing of measles vaccination on compliance with immunizations during the second year of life.

In 1976 the recommended time for routine measles immunization was changed from 12 to greater than or equal to 15 months of age. Because of the known decrease in compliance with immunizations given during the second year of life and the scheduling of an additional visit close to the time of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) booster immunization, the potential benefit from this change might be offset by a decrease in compliance in securing both measles vaccination and DTP booster immunization. A study of the change in immunization compliance was carried out in a county health facility and in a prepaid medical group practice. Charts of 795 infants (395 born before and 400 born after the change) were reviewed to assess the rates of compliance with measles and with DTP immunizations. Administration of measles vaccine at a scheduled time decreased by 10% (0.05 less than P less than 0.06) at the public health facility after the change in 1976 and by 13% at the prepaid group practice (P less than 0.01). This difference evened out in the public health facility patients by age 2 years, but a 9% decrease was still apparent at the prepaid medical group. A similar pattern was seen in compliance with the DTP booster immunization at each site. Any benefit derived by an increased measles seroconversion rate apparently was offset by an overall decrease in compliance for both measles and DTP booster immunizations.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1983

Pseudo-toxic-shock syndrome due to a drug reaction.

A case is reported of a 13-year-old girl who had an illness initially thought to be toxic shock syndrome but subsequently noted to be a toxic reaction to the anticonvulsant, carbamazepine. The patient was never hypotensive but she was febrile and had a desquamative rash and involvement of three organ systems. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from the patient's blood and vagina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Viral exanthems.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Risk of infection associated with the use of Broviac and Hickman catheters.

A 4-month prospective medical records review was done to investigate the occurrence of central venous catheter-related infections. Nineteen percent of the patients developed a catheter-related infection, either local infection at the insertion site (8.9%) or septicemia (10.0%). There were 7.5 catheter-related infections per 1000 catheter-use days. The infection rate was five times greater in patients with Hickman catheters than in those with Broviac catheters (p = 0.01). Analysis by the life table approach produced a linear curve of catheter-related infection over time, suggesting a constant dialy risk of catheter-related infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Rubella immunity in older children, teenagers, and young adults: a comparison of immunity in those previously immunized with those unimmunized.

Because rubella continues to be a common illness in adolescents and young adults and because it has been suggested that booster rubella immunizations should be performed, we studied antibody prevalence in 459 predominantly adolescent patients in a pediatric group practice. Rubella antibody (PHA titer greater than or equal to 1:13.5) in previously immunized patients (89.6% of 385) was significantly more common than antibody in unimmunized patients and patients with a questionable history of immunization (70.3% of 74) (P less than 0.005). Twenty-three seronegative patients with a documented history of prior immunization were reimmunized and 22 had an IgG (secondary) antibody response and only one an IgM (primary) antibody response. Since all but one of our patients with previous immunization had a secondary immune response following revaccination, it seems likely that the level of protection in previously vaccinated individuals is considerably greater than 90%. Attention today should be directed at finding and immunizing unvaccinated teenagers and young adults and not in major booster vaccine programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Influenza immunization in children and young adults: clinical reactions and total and IgM antibody responses after immunization with whole-virus or split-product influenza vaccines.

Clinical reactions and hemagglutinating-inhibiting (HAI) antibody responses to recent whole-virus and split-product influenza vaccines were studied in 168 children and young adults. The subjects initially received a monovalent vaccine, followed one month later by a trivalent preparation. The reactogenicity of whole-virus and split-product vaccines with an equivalent hemagglutinin content was similar except in the youngest age (6 to 36 months) group in which the whole-virus preparation was more reactogenic. The whole-virus vaccines were more immunogenic, especially in subjects who were previously unprimed (preimmunization HAI antibody titer, less than 5). In these subjects, the geometric mean titers of HAI antibody wee significantly higher after vaccination with whole-virus vaccines than the split-product vaccines. Specific IgM antibody was found more frequently after vaccination with whole-virus vaccines (34%) than after split-product vaccines (11%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical reactions and serologic responses after vaccination with whole-virus or split-virus influenza vaccines in children aged 6 to 36 months.

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of whole-virus and split-product influenza vaccines were studied in 77 children between the ages of 6 and 36 months. Subjects initially received monovalent vaccine containing either A/USSR/77 (H1N1) antigen in 1978 or A/Brazil/78 (H1N1) antigen in 1979. One month later a trivalent preparation was given which contained the respective H1N1 antigen plus A/Texas/77 (H3N2) and B/Hong Kong/72 antigens. Temperatures of greater than or equal to 37.8 C (greater than or equal to 100 F) were observed more commonly after initial vaccination with whole-virus vaccine (35%) than after split-product vaccine (14%). No child had a temperature of greater than or equal to 39.4 C (103 F) or a febrile convulsion. The trivalent vaccines were more reactogenic than the monovalent vaccines although none of the reaction indices exceeded 0.9. The whole-virus vaccine appeared to be more immunogenic, especially in those children who were initially seronegative (preimmunization hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer (less than 5). Only 50% of children vaccinated with split-product vaccines with initial hemagglutination-inhibiting titers of less than 5 achieved titers of greater than or equal to 20 to the H1N1 antigen after two doses of vaccine compared with 97% in similar whole-virus vaccine recipients. The degree of antibody response to the A/Texas/77 component of the vaccines was greater than the response to the A/Brazil/78 or A/USSR/77 antigens.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies against measles virus polypeptides in different disease conditions.

The occurrence of antibodies to the nucleoprotein and matrix (M) antigens of measles virus was determined in early and late measles convalescent sera and in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, chronic active hepatitis, and atypical measles. Antibodies to the two components were identified separately in serially diluted samples both by radioimmune precipitation assays and by complement fixation tests employing purified nucleoprotein and M components as antigens. The antibody response to M antigen in connection with acute infections was weak, and with time titers of antibodies to M antigen were reduced below detectable levels in most cases. A different situation was seen in patients with atypical measles. A pronounced antibody response to M antigen was shown to be a part of the generally accentuated immune response in these patients. Confirming results of others, it was shown that in spite of the increased antibody titers against most measles components in sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, no or only low titers of antibodies to M antigen were present. However, a similar representation of antibodies to measles virus components was also seen in sera from patients with active chronic hepatitis. The significance of this finding for the interpretation of a weak antibody response to M antigen in the presence of a pronounced antibody response to other components is discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children.

In 784 DT and 15,752 DTP immunizations given to children 0 to 6 years of age who were prospectively studied for reactions occurring within 48 hours following immunization, minor reactions were significantly more frequent following DTP vaccine. The ratio of reaction rates associated with DTP and DT immunizations (DTP/DT) for selected local and systemic reactions was as follows: local redness, 37.4%/7.6%; local swelling, 40.7%/7.6%; pain, 50.9%/9.9%; fever, 31.5%/14.9%; drowsiness, 31.5%/14.9%; fretfulness, 53.4%/22.6%; vomiting, 6.2%/2.6%; anorexia, 20.9%/7.0% and persistent crying, 3.1%/0.7%. Following DTP immunization nine children developed convulsions and nine developed hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes. No sequelae were detected following these reactions.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Rubella outbreak among hospital employees.

A rubella outbreak among medical staff on the obstetric service of a large Los Angeles hospital was studied. Fifteen cases of suspected rubella were reported among hospital personnel during a 2-month period in 1978. Of these, 4 were confirmed, 2 by viral isolation and serology and 2 by serologic study alone. A fifth case, the index, had a convalescent-phase serum with an elevated rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titer. A list of 231 pregnant women who may have been exposed to any of the 15 suspect cases was assembled. The authors succeeded in contacting and obtaining postexposure sera for only 140 (61%) of the exposed women. Thirty-five (25%) of these women were without detectable rubella HAI antibody. A second serum sample was obtained from 93 women 2 to 3 weeks after the first, and no fourfold rises in titer were observed. To evaluate those with suspicious high stationary titers, 60 specimens were selected for immunoglobulin M (IgM) testing. Only 1 was positive for IgM antibody. A postexposure illness survey revealed that 20 (15%) of 130 women reported various rash-like illnesses after their visit to the hospital. There were no reports of affected offspring in any of the exposed women. Four hundred ten staff members submitted sera for antibody testing; 76 (19.2%) were without detectable rubella HAI antibody. This outbreak is discussed in light of recent changes in rubella epidemiology, and several recommendations for hospital policy are proposed.

California↗
PubMed1980

Measles-specific lymphocyte reactivity and serum antibody in subjects with different measles histories.

Measles hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody titers and measles-specific lymphocyte reactivity were studied in subjects who had previously received killed measles vaccine and had been recently reimmunized with live vaccine--persons who previously had atypical measles, subjects with multiple immunizations with live vaccine, adults with a history of measles, and persons with primary measles immunization. Twelve to 18 months after revaccination of former recipients of killed vaccine, all 31 subjects had measles HAI antibody titers greater than or equal to 10 and only three had lymphocyte stimulation indices (LSI) greater than 2.8. The mean LSI and geometric mean titer of antibody were similar to those of persons who had had natural measles many years ago. One subject who previously had atypical measles had an HAI titer of less than 5 and an LSI of 0.5; another had an LSI of 6.0 and an HAI titer of 80. Only one of seven subjects who were immunized more than once with live vaccine had an LSI of greater than 2.8 one year later. The finding of measles-specific lymphocyte reactivity and antibody levels in revaccinated former recipients of killed vaccine that are similar to those in persons who had natural measles suggests that the risk of future atypical measles in this group is slight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cell-mediated immune defects and infection. A study of malnourished hospitalized children.

Severe protein calorie malnutrition in children in developing countries has been characterized by noticeable depression of cell-mediated immunity and an increased manifestation of infectious illnesses. We studied 23 hospitalized US children whose admitting diagnoses included severe malnutrition to see if similar findings existed. Children were divided into two groups based on the percentage of E rosettes (T cells) prior to nutritional therapy. Those with E rosette values less than 50% were considered to have noticeably abnormal cell-mediated immunity. Eleven of the 23 patients who had rosette values less than 50% had 18 clinical infections, including four episodes of sepsis. One of the 23 children with normal (> 50%) E rosettes had one minor infection. It was concluded that depressed cellular immunity as measured by E rosette is associated with an increased incidence of infectious illness in the malnourished hospitalized pediatric patient in the United States. Other defects in host defenses, ie, defects in complement and phagocytic function, may also have contributed to the increased number of clinical infections noted in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of the adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to the surface of human tonsillar tissue.

One of the mechanisms by which bacteria become pathogenic on mucosal surfaces is their capacity to adhere to those surfaces. Although adherence of pathogens has been demonstrated on other mucosal surfaces, it has never been demonstrated on tonsillar tissue. A section of the surface of a pharyngeal tonsil was thoroughly washed with phosphate buffered saline and divided into fragments of Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy, and incubation with group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from the upper respiratory tract. After 30 minutes and 24 hours of incubation the fragment was removed, washed thoroughly with phosphate buffered saline to remove any nonadherent S. pyogenes, and divided into three parts for Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy, and homogenization for tube and plate dilution. Adherence of S. pyogenes was demonstrated by Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy, and plate dilution. This first demonstration of bacterial adherence on tonsillar mucosa tract points to adhesion as a mechanism of pathogenesis in S. pyogenes infection in the tonsil.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1980

The 'new' epidemiology of measles and rubella.

Both diseases have been effectively controlled in the pediatric population that, in the prevaccine era, harbored them. However, with the shift in prevalence to adolescents and young adults, it is possible the diseases may be "time bombs."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Histocompatibility antigens and humoral immunity to Epstein-Barr virus.

To explore possible genetic determinants of immunity to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection, prevalence rates and geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibody against EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) were measured in 422 adults of known HLA and ABO histocompatibility types. Deviation from the overall prevalence (87%) of anti-VCA titers > 10 was limited to subjects with HLA-A10 (95%) and those with a "blank" HLA-A locus (78%). The latter deviation was largely accounted for by the 13 subjects of HLA-A1/blank constitution (46%). Deviations from the overall mean anti-VCA titer (GMT 131.5) were found in seropositive subjects with blood group 0 (GMT 153.3) and tissue antigens HLA-A3 (GMT 150.8), HLA-B7 (GMT 152.1), HA-Bw15 (GMT 97.0), and HLA-B27 (GMT 86.4). Separate reanalysis of the data for male and female subjects verified the association of blood group 0 with elevated and HLA-B27 with reduced mean levels of anti-VCA antibody.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

Extraintestinal amebiasis in infancy: report of three patients and epidemiologic investigations of their families.

Three infants (aged 6 weeks, 7 weeks, and 10 months) had severe Entamoeba histolytica infections characterized by colitis, hepatic abscesses, and peritonitis. The two younger children died after fulminant illnesses while the third recovered. Diagnosis was delayed in all three children by a low index of suspicion and negative stool examinations for parasites. Epidemiologic investigations of the infants' families revealed a high prevalence of amebic infections and elevated antibody titers to E histolytica; however, most family members were asymptomatic. The original source of the infections could not be identified but person-to-person spread within the families was implicated.

Amebiasis↗