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Biomedical subjects

J D Baum

Publications and source records attributed to J D Baum.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The water content of the human umbilical cord.

105 umbilical cords from 53 term and 52 preterm newborn infants were freeze-dried after removal of the blood vessels, to determine the water content. The mean umbilical cord water content (i.e. mean of water content of fetal and placental ends of the cord), was 88.9% (SD 2.73) for term cords and 91.9% (SD 1.99) for preterm cords. The mean water content fell with increasing gestation. The fetal end of the cord had a significantly higher water content than the placental end. Similarly, the volume of a 4-cm length segment of cord was significantly greater at the fetal than placental end. There was no correlation between cord water content or volume and several other variables including birthweight, size for gestational age and placental weight. These observations suggest a metabolically active role for the umbilical cord.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Reduction of insulin dose on changing diabetic children from standard to monocomponent insulins.

21 diabetic children requiring greater than 50 units of standard insulin daily were changed to a monocomponent insulin. During the 3 months before the change the insulin dose had risen significantly from a mean of 70 to a mean of 77 units daily. During the 3 months after the change the dose fell significantly to a mean of 53 units daily. This decrease in insulin requirement was associated with a general improvement in diabetic control. This was assessed clinically and measured in 10 children by an analysis of home urine tests and in 8 children by an analysis of 24-hour urine glucose excretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Lysozyme in the tears of newborn babies.

Tear lysozyme concentration was measured in term, preterm, and small-for-dates infants using a modification of the lysoplate technique. The lysozyme concentration was greater in the term infant than in preterm and small-for-dates infants. The values were found to increase with birthweight and gestation to a term value which is similar to that described in adults. There was no relationship between the lysozyme concentration and the rate of tear production.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between urinary and blood glucose in diabetic children.

The relationship of urine glucose concentration with 'average' blood glucose concentration for the corresponding period was investigated in 10 juvenile diabetics during the performance of 15 inpatient metabolic profiles. 0% glucosuria was associated with 'average' blood glucose concentrations less than 6.4 mmol/l (less than 115 mg/100ml), 2% glycosuria with concentrations greater than 8.6 mmol/l (greater than 154 mg/100ml), and over 5% glycosuria with concentrations greater than 11.3 mmol/l (greater than 204 mg/100ml). Urinary glucose loss was large (greater than 278 mmol; greater than 5g) when the 'average' blood glucose was greater than 11.1 mmol/l (greater than 200 mg/100ml). Because many diabetics have blood glucose concentrations up to 11.1 mmol/l, it is advantageous if glucosuria up to 5% is detectable by routine home urine tests. The 2-drop Clinitest method detects glycosuria up to 5% without significant loss of accuracy and is recommended in preference to the 5-drop method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A Doppler ultrasound technique for measuring human milk flow.

The authors describe the development of a Doppler ultrasound flow transducer used in conjunction with a zero-crossing demodulator for breast milk flow measurement. The results of the preliminary evaluation in vitro are presented in the paper. The design is at present being minaturised in order to use the transducer for in vivo measurement.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1978

Autoimmunity in juvenile diabetics and their families.

Pancreatic islet cell, thyroid, and gastric antibodies were studied in 116 young insulin-dependent diabetics and 257 relatives. Seventy-four per cent of the diabetics studied within three months of diagnosis had islet-cell antibodies but only 20% of those studied three years or more after diagnosis. Persistence of these antibodies was associated with a high prevalence of thyrogastric autoimmunity, which suggests that some cases have an aetiology similar to that of "polyendocrine" autoimmune disease. Retinopathy or nephropathy, or both, was present in 10 diabetics, who were all members of "autoimmune" families, in which one or more members had organ-specific antibodies. Nine of the 10 healthy relatives with islet-cell antibodies and all families with more than one diabetic were also in this autoimmune group. These data suggest that an autoimmune factor may contribute to juvenile diabetes and that such autoimmune diabetes has a tendency to run in families and may be more likely to cause complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Creamatocrit: simple clinical technique for estimating fat concentration and energy value of human milk.

A simple micromethod has been devised for estimating the fat and energy content of human milk based on the centrifugation of milk in a haematocrit centrifuge. The percentage of cream, or "creamatocrit," is read from the haematocrit capillary tube and is linearly related to the fat and energy content. The technique, which is rapid and cheap, may be used in clinical practice, in research, and in epidemiological studies.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1978

The biology of human drip breast milk.

The milk which drips from the opposite breast during breast feeding is used in some centres for feeding premature babies, yet there is little scientific information on the biology of this secretion. Drip breast milk (DBM) differs from expressed breast milk (EBM), both in its contents and in the change in its composition over the period of lactation. The fat concentration and energy value of DBM are low, compared with levels reported for EBM: protein, fat, sodium and energy value in DBM fall with the duration of lactation, whereas magnesium and calcium rise, and lactose, potassium osmolality and lysozyme remain constant. The milk fat content of DBM produced by individual donors is linearly related to the daily volume of DBM produced. Studies on 477 women admitted to the Oxford General Practice Obstetric Unit over 1 yr showed that, of the 75% who were lactating successfully 2 wk after delivery, 19% were producing DBM by 2--4 wk. Women who produced DBM did not differ in age or parity from those lactating women who did not, and their babies did not differ in birthweight, gestation, centile or sex. The suitability of DBM as a food for premature infants is discussed.

Breast↗
PubMed1978

Serum lipids in treated diabetic children and their families.

Fasting lipid concentrations have been measured in fifty treated juvenile diabetics, their siblings and parents to determine which types of hyperlipoproteinaemia co-exist with juvenile diabetes and whether the abnormalities relate to diabetic control, or represent familial disorders. Lipid concentrations amongst the parents did not differ from adult control. Triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in those diabetic children with fasting blood glucose concentrations greater than 10 mmol/l than those with concentrations less than 10 mmol/l. The latter group had similar triglyceride levels to non-diabetic siblings. Cholesterol concentrations were not related to fasting blood glucose and were similar in diabetic and sibling controls. Hyperlipoproteinaemia (types IIa, IIb and IV) was present in ten of the diabetic patients. Six of the nine diabetic patients with raised cholesterol had at least one parent with cholesterol in the highest quintile for the control population, whereas only six of the forty-one with lower levels had parents in this category. A similar trend for cholesterol was apparent amongst the non-diabetic siblings. However, no association was apparent between the triglyceride levels of diabetics (or their siblings) and parents. Thus although hyperlipidaemia associated with juvenile diabetes appears to be largely due to inadequate control, raised cholesterol concentrations frequently occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Establishing demand feeding in hospital.

In the summer of 1975 demand feeding was introduced for all babies born at the John Radcliffe Hospital, where previously babies were fed according to a rigid schedule to fit in with ward routine--clock feeding. Over a 10-day period before demand feeding was introduced details were collected about infant feeds concerning 42 normal babies whose mothers had decided to breast feed. 2 weeks after the introduction of demand feeding similar details were collected about 43 normal breast-fed babies. At the time of the observations 65% of all babies born in this hospital were being breast fed. Comparing breast feeding patterns, there was a wider scatter of interfeed time intervals in the demand-fed group than in the clock-fed group, over the first 2 days after birth. By the end of the first week these differences were no longer present. The introduction of demand feeding presented no problems in ward management and is now the established routine in this maternity hospital.

Birth Weight↗