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Biomedical subjects

J D Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J D Anderson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of ethylene inducing proteins from cellulysin.

Ethylene inducing proteins were partially purified and characterized from the cell wall digesting enzyme mixture, Cellulysin. Purification included binding to Sephacryl S-200, isoelectric focusing, molecular sieving on Sephadex G-75, agarose electrophoresis, and sizing using a Superose 12 column. At least three active proteins were obtained from the Sephadex G-75 fraction that move towards the cathode during nondenaturing agarose electrophoresis. These three protein fractions separated by preparative agarose electrophoresis contain polypeptide patterns that are very similar on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fractions contain three main Coomassie blue stained bands of about 10, 14, and 18 kilodaltons. Gel filtration of the major fraction on a Superose 12 column yields an active peak with an apparent molecular weight of 27,000. Proteolytic enzymes, in the presence of urea, destroy the ethylene inducing activity. We conclude that the ethylene inducing factor (EIF) that we have isolated from Cellulysin is protein. Similar ethylene inducing factors are present in Cellulase RS. Ethylene inducing components from pectinase, Pectolyase, and Rhozyme do not bind to Sephacryl like EIF from Cellulysin. Thus, the components responsible for the ethylene inducing activity in these latter enzyme preparations differ from that of EIF.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

SIGNAL blood culture system for detection of bacteremia in neonates.

In the SIGNAL (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, United Kingdom) blood culture system, gas produced by bacterial metabolism displaces medium from the culture bottle into an upper reservoir via a hollow needle. Displacement of media may provide a visual indication of the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms in a single medium. The single-bottle SIGNAL system was compared with paired BACTEC 16B and 7D (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) radiometric system bottles by using bacterial inocula and conditions which simulated those found in neonatal and pediatric populations. The single SIGNAL bottle was a good as the combined BACTEC media for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but was slower for Candida spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, group B streptococci, alpha-streptococci, and pneumococci. The SIGNAL system failed to detect four of five isolates of Neisseria meningitidis and four of eight anaerobic organisms. The SIGNAL system is not suitable for neonatal blood cultures at its present state of development.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1987

Rapid presumptive identification of streptococci directly from blood cultures by serologic tests and the L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide reaction.

The value of the Strepslide kit for the rapid presumptive identification of streptococci directly from blood cultures without prior determination of hemolysis patterns was assessed and compared with that of the Streptex and Phadebact streptococcus kits. Studies involved 94 simulated and 60 clinical isolates of 83 streptococci. The Streptex and Strepslide kits had excellent sensitivity and specificity for group A, B, F, and G organisms, and the Phadebact kit had excellent sensitivity and specificity for groups B and G. Group C reactions usually occurred with all of the streptococcus kits with pneumococci and occasionally with alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Although these kits were unacceptable for group C and D organisms, enterococci which were common clinical isolates could be directly identified in blood cultures by a supplementary rapid L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide biochemical test. Direct application of the Phadebact pneumococcus kit to blood cultures was also assessed with 29 isolates of 20 organisms. The specificity was good, but the sensitivity was only 65.5%.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1985

Ketoconazole prophylaxis in patients with solid tumours receiving aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. An open randomized comparison between 200 mg/d and 400 mg/d doses.

Forty-three patients, most with solid tumours, were included in a study comparing the antifungal prophylactic effect of ketoconazole (Nizoral; Janssen) 200 mg/d and 400 mg/d during the period of immunosuppressive therapy. Seven patients were not seen for follow-up and 6 died of their underlying disease without clinical evidence of mycosis. Twelve of the patients who could be evaluated received ketoconazole 200 mg/d and 18 received 400 mg/d. No infections occurred during the period of prophylactic treatment. In the group receiving 200 mg/d 10 of 36 cultures (28%) were positive for Candida albicans before prophylaxis. During prophylaxis 5 of 18 cultures (28%) were positive and at the end of the prophylactic regimen 1 out of 37 cultures (3%) was positive. In the 400 mg/d group, 13 of 47 cultures (28%) were positive at the start, 2 out of 20 (10%) were positive during prophylaxis and 1 out of 45 (2%) was still positive at the end. The drug was clinically well tolerated. Twenty of the 30 evaluable patients had no significant biochemical abnormalities, 5 had an increased serum transaminase level, 2 had an increased alkaline phosphatase level, and 3 had combined increases of serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels. These abnormalities are regularly seen in patients with metastatic malignant disease, and are not necessarily related to the ketoconazole prophylaxis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Lack of nosocomial spread of Varicella in a pediatric hospital with negative pressure ventilated patient rooms.

All patients at the new British Columbia's Children's Hospital with chickenpox or Herpes zoster are nursed with appropriate precautions in single-bed rooms provided with negative pressure ventilation. Over a period of 1 year, no nosocomial infections were detected on follow-up of 110 susceptible patients who had been on wards at the same time as six cases of chickenpox and one immunocompromised patient with cutaneous dissemination of Varicella zoster. In a preceding study at the previous hospital, with similar staff, control measures, and patient population, in an isolation facility without negative pressure ventilation, nosocomial infections occurred in seven out of 41 susceptible patients who were on the same ward as two patients with chickenpox. These findings suggest that a simple negative pressure ventilation system without air locks is a useful adjunct in the control of cutaneous Varicella infections.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1985

Relevance of urinary bladder models to clinical problems and to antibiotic evaluation.

Applications and shortcomings of models of the bladder which employ urine as a medium have been described. A 'continuous culture' model was no better than conventional susceptibility tests in predicting response of patients with acute uncomplicated urinary infections to amoxicillin, but gave a good correlation with a mouse infection protection test for synergy studies with mecillinam and ampicillin. Some Enterobacteriaceae destroyed high concentrations of amoxicillin in urine under conditions resembling the milieu of the infected human bladder. Destruction was enhanced at increased residual urinary volumes and did not occur in the presence of clavulanic acid. The beneficial effects of clavulanic acid at urinary, as opposed to tissue, concentrations may be due to its antibacterial, as well as its antienzymic, activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The inhibitory effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on propranolol elimination by the rat isolated perfused liver.

The effect of low (50 micrograms) and high (1 mg) doses of the histamine H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine on the first pass extraction of propranolol was studied in the rat isolated perfused liver. Both low and high dose cimetidine increased the area under the perfusate propranolol concentration time curve (AUC) 4 to 5-fold. Although low dose ranitidine did not alter propranolol AUC, high dose ranitidine increased it to the same extent as cimetidine. These results indicate that ranitidine has a clear propensity for microsomal inhibition, but one which is unlikely to be manifest at therapeutic dosage.

Animals↗