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J Cuzick

Publications and source records attributed to J Cuzick.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparison of four cytological sampling techniques in a genitourinary medicine clinic.

Four cytological sampling techniques (the Ayre's spatula alone, the Ayelesbury spatula, the Ayre's spatula in conjunction with a Cytobrush (Medscand), and the Cervex (Steriseal] were compared when used in a genitourinary medicine clinic. Over a period of two years 6991 smears were taken. No difference was found between the methods with regard to detection of dyskaryosis, although there were significant differences in the percentage of smears containing endocervical cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Linear relationship between DNA adducts in human lung and cigarette smoking.

Human lung and bladder DNA has been isolated and purified from either surgical or autopsy specimens. Smoking history details were obtained from patients or their close relatives. Each DNA sample was investigated using the nuclease P1 digestion modification of the 32P-postlabelling procedure. Data are presented for 48 lung and 19 bladder specimens. The samples were subdivided into three groups for data analysis, viz. smokers, former smokers and nonsmokers. The mean adduct levels (adducts per 10(8) nucleotides) in lung samples were: [see text] The chromatographic pattern of bladder DNA adducts for smokers was similar to that for smokers' lung DNA, although less intense. Adduct levels in former smokers tended to be lower than in smokers, although loss of adducts appeared to require several years after cessation of smoking. These findings support a link between DNA adduct levels and cigarette smoking, for both the lung and the bladder. For the former tissue there was a strong linear correlation between adduct levels and the number of cigarettes smoked.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Pancreatic cancer, alcohol, diabetes mellitus and gall-bladder disease.

A case-control study comprising 216 cases of pancreatic cancer and 279 controls was conducted to investigate the relationship of pancreatic cancer with certain chronic medical conditions and with the consumption of tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages. Significant positive associations with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gall-bladder disease were observed and there was weak evidence of association with liver disease. The relative risks for diabetes mellitus and gallstones diagnosed at least one year previously were 4.1 (p = 0.005) and 2.8 (p = 0.01) respectively. Cases drank significantly more beer than controls (p = 0.005) and there was evidence of a positive trend in risk with total alcohol consumption. Smoking was a clear risk factor, but cases and controls were very similar with respect to tea and coffee drinking habits.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A case-control study of cervix cancer in Singapore.

Cervix cancer is about twice as common in Asia as in the Western world and its incidence varies among different Asian ethnic groups. A study based in Singapore, the population of which comprises Chinese, Indians and Malaysians, offers the opportunity to evaluate whether the same risk factors are important in this part of the world as in the West. A total of 135 cases and an equal number of controls were interviewed and details concerning reproductive and sexual history, smoking, hygiene, socio-economic status and education were collected. Seventy-three cases had invasive cancer while 62 had micro-invasive disease or CIN III. The most important risk factors were parity and number of sexual partners. Smoking was rare in cases and controls and did not appear to be an important determinant of risk. Of the socio-economic factors, education appeared most predictive and lowered the risk. Age at first intercourse was strongly correlated with education (positively) and parity (negatively), but not with number of sexual partners. Biopsies were available for HPV DNA analysis in 38 cases and 37% were positive, mostly for HPV type 16. All these factors gave similar risks in invasive and preinvasive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An explanation for the problem of false-negative cervical smears.

False-negative cervical cytology due to sampling error is a well-recognized problem. Forty-seven women with histologically proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were studied. All had two cervical smears performed at a mean interval of 3 months. At the time of the second smear, cervicography, colposcopy and biopsy were performed. The area of acetowhite cervical lesions and of the total visible atypical transformation zone (ATZ) were measured from the cervical photographs. The 17 women in whom one or both smears showed no dyskaryosis were found to have a significantly smaller proportion of their ATZ affected by CIN. It is suggested that this finding can account for the sampling error which causes false-negative cervical cytology. New screening techniques, such as cervicography, may offer a method of detecting and assessing these relatively smaller cervical lesions.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Possible cofactors in the etiology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. An immunopathologic study.

Previous work in our department demonstrated a reduction in the numbers of Langerhans' cells in cervical epithelium showing histologic changes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In conjunction with a localized reversal of the T4:T8 ratio of T-lymphocytes, that finding provides evidence of the association of epithelial immunosuppression with both HPV infection and CIN. To investigate whether that phenomenon occurs primarily because of HPV alone or might be caused by a cofactor (e.g., cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, chlamydial infection), we performed a study of the effect of those cofactors on the immune defenses of the cervical epithelium. In a study of Langerhans' cells we showed that infection with HPV type 16 and current cigarette smoking both exert effects that cause a reduction in those cells. That diminution of the major antigen-presenting cells in cervical epithelium may constitute a mechanism that explains the observed role of those agents in the etiology of cervical neoplasia.

Antigens, CD1↗
PubMed1988

Effect of cigarette smoking on cervical epithelial immunity: a mechanism for neoplastic change?

Langerhans' cells in cervical epithelium in colposcopic biopsy specimens were identified by immunocytochemical staining for S100 protein and T6 (CD1) antigen, and their density was quantified. Possible cofactors for the development of cervical neoplasia were examined for any effect on the cell counts per unit area. Current cigarette smoking was associated with a significant decrease in the Langerhans' cell population in both normal epithelium and lesions due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Ex-smokers tended to have cell counts between those of smokers and non-smokers. There was a dose-response relation between number of cigarettes smoked daily and effect on cell counts. These findings of a local immunological effect of smoking on cervical epithelium may explain the means by which cigarette smoking contributes to the development of cervical neoplasia.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1988

Multiple myeloma--a case-control study.

A total of 399 patients with multiple myeloma and an equal number of match controls were interviewed about factors possibly related to the causes of their disease. Factors studied included occupation, chemical exposure, radiation exposure, prior diseases, immunizations, chronic infections and markers for defects in immune regulation. A strong risk associated with agriculture/food processing was observed (RR = 1.8, P = 0.002). The risk could not be restricted to those exposed to animals or meat products, or those exposed to pesticides. Significant excesses were also noted for reported exposures to chemicals and gases/fumes, but no specific agent or group of agents could be identified. Cases had fewer tonsillectomies above the age of 10 (P = 0.01). A large excess of shingles (herpes zoster) was observed in cases (P less than 0.001), but most of the excess cases occurred within 10 years of diagnosis, suggesting this was a preclinical manifestation of disease rather than a cause of it.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychosexual trauma of an abnormal cervical smear.

The psychosexual sequelae of diagnosis and treatment of pre-invasive cervical atypia were assessed in three groups of women. The first group included 30 women referred to a colposcopy clinic with an abnormal cervical smear indicating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the second comprised 50 women who were traced as sexual partners of men with penile human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; 26 of them had histologically proven cervical atypia and 24 had no such evidence. The third group included 25 women traced as partners of men with non-specific urethritis and who did not have cervical disease. Before and after questionnaires assessed six aspects of sexual behaviour and responses before diagnosis and 6 months after treatment in women with cervical atypia. These were compared with answers given by women investigated and treated, if necessary, as partners of men with sexually transmitted disease (control group). There were statistically significant adverse psychosexual sequelae associated with diagnosis and treatment of pre-invasive cervical epithelial disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The organization of cervical screening in general practice.

Well organized cervical screening in general practice can have considerable clinical and financial rewards. Yet in a randomized survey of general practitioners in the United Kingdom only 43% operated a system for cervical screening which allows previously untested women to be identified and invited for testing.A younger age of general practitioner, a more rural practice, a larger practice size, employment of a practice nurse, a belief in the effectiveness of cervical screening and a positive view of the time spent on screening were all strong predictors of an organized approach to cervical screening within a practice. Being female or having a female partner was not statistically associated with systematic screening. The results demonstrate a need for education within general practice which emphasizes the relevance and significance of cervical screening and the essential contribution that can be made by each individual general practitioner to the success of the whole cervical screening programme.

Adult↗