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Biomedical subjects

J Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to J Cunningham.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Self-concept and psychological adjustment differences between self-identified male transsexuals and male homosexuals.

Self-concept and adjustment data from anatomical males seeking sexual reassignment surgery were compared with that from a male homosexual group. Findings indicated that the homosexual group had a better self-image and was better adjusted than the sex change group. Other findings are presented that reinforce the view that the norm violations in homosexuality and transsexualism do not necessarily imply serious character damage.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive vertebral collapse in diffuse angiomatosis.

A case of vanishing bone disease is presented, with radiologic, endoscopic, and peritoneoscopic evidence of angiomatous involvement of the bones, surrounding soft tissues, and gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis was made by a combination of radiologic techniques and endoscopy. Areas of absent bone were shown to opacify after intralymphatic injections of contrast material, providing in vivo demonstrations that these areas of vanishing bone are occupied by abnormal lymphatics. The etiology remains obscure, but our review of the literature suggests that this condition may be one of a large spectrum of disorders due to a basic underlying endothelial dysplasia. The lymphatic system, vascular system, or both may be involved, and the condition may manifest itself as an abnormality of the bones, soft tissues, viscera, or a combination of these.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interest in different forms of self-help in a general population sample of drinkers.

The study investigates: (1) the level of interest in self-help services for drinkers, and (2) the predictors of interest in these services. A representative sample of 1,557 Ontario respondents participated in a telephone survey. Current drinkers (n=1,247) were asked about their interest in getting: (a) a telephone call from a therapist to help them evaluate their drinking, (b) a self-help book, and (c) a computerized summary comparing their drinking to that of other Canadians. Bivariate comparisons of demographic and drinking-related variables were made between those interested and not interested in each of the offered services. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the best predictors of interest. The results revealed that 16% were interested in a telephone call, 26% in a self-help book, and 39% in computerized normative feedback. Negative consequences of drinking and indicators of lower societal resources increased interest in self-help services. Computerized feedback and self-help books serve as cheap and nonintrusive ways to provide incentive for change to early-stage problem drinkers due to the interest they raise in the intended target population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical wear of three posterior composites.

The wear of three posterior composites and two amalgams was assessed clinically and measured on replica models. For the composite restorations abrasion was measured as the depth of enamel exposed at the cavity margin. Attrition was measured for all materials as the depth of surface wear determined by laser interfereometry. For the posterior composites the mean abrasion was: Clearfil 79.2 microns, Occlusin 175.9 microns and P-30 96.1 microns. The corresponding values for attrition were: 153.4 microns, 205.9 microns and 255.5 microns, respectively. The attrition of the two amalgams was: New True Dentalloy 120.8 microns, Solila Nova 115.3 microns. Therefore, attrition was greater than abrasion and the attrition of the three composites was greater than that of the two amalgams. Abrasion was affected by local factors, including the marginal contour of the restoration, whereas attrition was largely a function of the properties of the material itself. These findings indicate that composites should not be considered as a direct alternative to amalgam, especially in patients with high occlusal stress.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are parathyroidectomies still appropriate in chronic dialysis patients?

The uremic milieu generates chronic stimulatory input to the parathyroid glands, which is mediated principally by low calcium, high phosphate and low calcitriol, and results in increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and release and an increase in parathyroid mitotic activity with the development of monoclonal areas of nodular hyperplasia. Such glands do not fully express the machinery required to mediate the suppressive inputs to the parathyroids; the extracellular calcium receptor (CaR) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are both downregulated. In most of these patients ablation, by parathyroidectomy or ethanol injection, provides the only means of correcting the hyperparathyroidism; apoptosis in parathyroid cells is negligible and clinically irrelevant. In practice, surgery is often delayed by a doomed and ultimately futile attempt to effect control by medical means. Better predictors of the likely success or failure of optimal non surgical management are needed. Gland size exceeding 1 cm3 and elevated PTH despite hypercalcemia (implying loss of suppressibility by calcium), in the presence of good phosphate control and adequate calcitriol provision point strongly to eventual failure of medical treatment and the need for parathyroid ablation. Parathyroidectomy, usually subtotal, remains the standard management, with ultrasound guided injection of ethanol or calcitriol showing promise in some centers. The above scenario is unlikely to be changed greatly by the new emerging vitamin D metabolites, but calcimimetic agents may well increase the scope of non surgical management.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maturation of the mismatch negativity: effects of profound deafness and cochlear implant use.

The use of cochlear implants to restore auditory sensation in deaf children is increasing, with a trend toward earlier implantation. However, little is known about how auditory deprivation and subsequent cochlear implant use affect the maturing human central auditory system. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the obligatory auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) of implanted children are very different from those of normal-hearing children. Unlike the obligatory potentials, which primarily reflect neural responses to stimulus onset, the mismatch negativity (MMN) provides a neurophysiological measure of auditory short-term memory and discrimination processes. The purpose of this investigation is to review our studies of the effects of auditory deprivation due to profound deafness and cochlear implant use on the maturation of the MMN in children, placed in the context of overall age-related changes in the AEPs. The development and application of a statistical technique to assess the MMN in individuals is also reviewed. Results show that although the morphology of the obligatory AEPs is substantially altered by the absence of a normal N(1) peak, the MMN is robustly present in a group of implanted children who have good spoken language perception through their device. Differences exist in the scalp distribution of the MMN between implanted and normal-hearing children. Specifically, the MMN appears to be more symmetrical in amplitude over both hemispheres, whereas it is initially much larger over the contralateral hemisphere in normal-hearing children. These findings suggest that, compared to N(1), the MMN is a better measure of basic auditory processes necessary for the development of spoken language perception skills in profoundly deaf children and adults who use a cochlear implant.

Adult↗