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Biomedical subjects

J Crow

Publications and source records attributed to J Crow.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis patients: elicitation of delayed responses containing basophils following local transfer of immune serum but not IgE antibody.

Inhalant allergens applied to the skin of sensitive atopic dermatitis patients by means of a modified patch test technique, induce acute eczematous lesions. These lesions contain basophils, eosinophils, mononuclear cells, and neutrophils and represent an example of human cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. The role of IgE antibody in this eczematous reaction was studied by systemic and local passive transfer experiments. Plasma with high IgE antibody when infused into patients with hypogammaglobulinemia as part of their replacement treatment resulted, post infusion, in cutaneous mast cell and blood basophil sensitization as measured by quantitative skin testing and leukocyte histamine release. Subsequent patch tests on these patients using the house dust mite antigen, antigen P1, produced macroscopic erythematous responses containing mononuclear cells, and eosinophils but not basophils. Local transfer of atopic dermatitis serum with high IgE antibody produced weak macroscopic responses and in these lesions mononuclear cells and both basophils and eosinophils were present. The serum activity which allowed transfer of basophil and eosinophil recruitment was heat labile. Specifically purified antibody to the mite antigen P1 (containing IgE and IgG antibody), when transferred, allowed eosinophil but not basophil recruitment to patch test sites. These results suggest that while the allergen-induced patch test response may involve IgE antibodies, as well as the cells normally involved in delayed responses, another serum activity is also involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Osteoclast-type giant cell tumour of the pancreas.

A case of osteoclast-type giant cell tumour of the pancreas is described and the features of eight other previously reported patients are reviewed. Characteristically, these neoplasms are large at presentation and show focal haemorrhage and necrosis, but seem slow to give rise to metastases. Histological examination reveals numerous osteoclast-like giant cells set in a sarcomatous stroma, the appearances being similar to those seen in giant cell tumours of bone. They are distinct from pleomorphic giant cell carcinomas of the pancreas and may have a slightly better prognosis after resection than ordinary adenocarcinomas. The histogenesis of these rare tumours is unknown.

Giant Cell Tumors↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical and histopathological studies on patients with mucopolysaccharidoses, two of whom had been treated by fibroblast transplantation.

Biochemical and pathological observations on tissues from two patients with Hurler disease (mucopolysaccharidosis IH; alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency) who had been treated by fibroblast transplants as a means of enzyme replacement treatment are reported. These results and those obtained in three surgical specimens [ligamentum flavum with dura mater from a case of Scheie disease (mucopolysaccharidosis IS; alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency); a fetus with Hurler disease; and tonsil from a patient with Hunter disease (mucopolysaccharidosis II; alpha-L-idurono-2-sulphate sulphatase deficiency)] illustrate the inadequacy of routine histological processing to demonstrate the abnormal glycosaminoglycan accumulation in this group of diseases. A combined approach using histochemistry and electron microscopy enables the extent of both extracellular and intracellular involvement to be assessed. The fetus (20 wk gestation) already showed evidence of Hurler disease. The pathological appearances in both of the fibroblast-transplanted patients were those which would have been expected in patients dying with unmodified Hurler disease. There was no detectable alpha-L-iduronidase activity in the brain, liver, kidney or in fibroblasts cultured from either the transplantation sites or from remote subcutaneous sites in either of the transplanted patients. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of their bearing on the pathophysiology of the mucopolysaccharidoses and proposals for their treatment by enzyme replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Toxicity of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes after chronic injection into mice.

Chronic treatment (10 i.p. injections over 20 days) of Balb/c mice with SM liposomes led to 50 and 300% enlargement of the liver and spleen respectively. No such effect was observed after similar treatment with PC liposomes. Biochemical analysis of the enlarged tissues showed no significant changes in the concentrations of glycolipid, phospholipid and certain hydrolytic enzymes. However, the increase in tissue size was paralleled by an increase in protein content. Light and electron microscopy studies of the enlarged tissues revealed an increase in the number of Kupffer cells and collections of inflammatory cells in the liver and widespread granulomatous inflammation in the spleen. We conclude that SM liposomes, although probably toxic for use as a drug carrier, may serve as a model agent in the study of tissue granulomatous inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bronchiolectasis-a complication of artificial ventilation.

Pulmonary barotrauma associated with artificial ventilation is recognised clinically as pneumothorax, pneumo-mediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema. Eleven patients who died in the intensive therapy unit after artificial ventilation were found at necropsy to have pronounced bronchiolectasis, which was associated with a greatly increased physiological dead space during life. The condition was best predicted by the maximum level of positive end expiratory pressure and the duration of application of positive end expiratory pressure. The clinical course of the lesion in survivors is not known. Further detailed studies are needed, but it is suggested that high levels of positive end expiratory pressure should be used with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Basophils in allergen-induced patch test sites in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis often occurs in patients who have high IgE levels and positive immediate skin tests to several common allergens. However, there is considerable doubt about the role played by allergens in this disease. Patch testing for 48 h at superficially abraded skin sites revealed that allergens could induce eczematous lesions in atopic dermatitis patients but only in those who also gave a positive immediate skin reaction to the same allergen. Lesions induced by the purified house dust mite antigen, antigen P1 contained mononuclear cells, basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. These patients also had raised specific serum IgE against antigen P1, and their leucocytes released histamine upon exposure to the same antigen. Thus an acute eczematous lesion can be induced by the application of inhalant allergens to the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary epithelial permeability is immediately increased after embolisation with oleic acid but not with neutral fat.

Pulmonary fat embolism occurs frequently after trauma but its functional significance is often unclear. To obtain direct evidence of lung damage caused by fat embolism we have measured changes in permeability of the alveolar-capillary interface. A permeability index was derived from the half time clearance from lung to blood (T1/2LB) of 99mTcDTPA introduced into the lung in a 1 ml bolus. Three groups of rabbits were studied. Baseline T1/2LB. did not differ significantly between groups. After intravenous injection of saline placebo in one group and of 300 mg/kg triolein in another group there was no change in permeability index. After intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg oleic acid in the third group there was an immediate change in T1/2LB from a monoexponential baseline 280 +/- 20 min (SEM) to a multiexponential curve which was resolved into two components, one with a T1/2LB of 3.2 +/- 0.6 min (SEM) and the other 39.5 +/- 7.6 min (SEM). Statistically significant changes in alveolar-arterial PO2 difference, dynamic compliance, chest radiography, and postmortem lung water accompanied the changes in T1/2LB in this group. There were no significant changes in these variables in the placebo or triolein group. Histological studies of the lung tissue of these animals using the osmic acid stain for fat showed no fat in the placebo group, extensive fat embolisation which was densely stained in the triolein group and much less densely stained fat in the oleic acid group. Measurement of the permeability of the alveolar-capillary interface provides direct evidence of lung damage after oleic acid embolisation. There were no functional changes in animals with extensive embolisation with triolein.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Glaucoma in a case of Hurler disease.

The electron microscopic appearances of the corneoscleral and iris tissue removed at operation from a child with Hurler disease and glaucoma showed distinctive swollen cells with intracellular inclusions similar to those which are observed in other tissues in these patients and which are due to abnormal lysosomal storages of mucopolysaccharides. Some recent observations on the possible relationship between mucopolysaccharides and the drainage of fluid from the anterior chamber are briefly reviewed and correlated with the present observations. The development of glaucoma in this patient is thought to be associated with the presence of the mucopolysaccharide-containing cells in the region of the aqueous drainage channels.

Child↗
PubMed1980

An assessment of the Mi-Mark endoemtrial sampling technique.

One hundred and twenty cytological smears and 106 histological specimens were obtained from 115 patients using a new technique of endometrial sampling. It proved an atraumatic procedure and was well accepted by the patients. Some problems were encountered in the preparation of satisfactory cytological specimens and in their interpretation. The method was not completely reliable for detecting endometrial pathology and is therefore considered unsuitable for monitoring patients on hormone replacement therapy. It was found to be useful as a gynaecological outpatient technique for sampling the endometrium when formal curettage was unsuccessful, in avoiding the necessity for a preoperative curettage to confirm suspected carcinoma, and in the investigation of infertility.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Isolated arteritis of the cervix uteri.

Four patients with arteritis apparently isolated to the cervix uteri are presented and the clinical and pathological significance of this condition is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Morphology of experimental antibiotic-associated enterocolitis in the hamster: a model for human pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.

The morphology of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis in the hamster is described and compared with human antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. It is shown to be a caecal disease with proliferative mucosal changes and in this respect unlike the human counterpart. The bacteriology and toxicology, however, are identical. In addition, mucosal changes are described in animals on antibiotics but without established enterocolitis. As a result we suggest that there may be a spectrum of human disease ranging from mild antibiotic-associated diarrhoea to established pseudomembranous colitis. Therefore, despite the morphological variation, the hamster remains a good model for investigating the pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated enteropathy in general.

Animals↗