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Biomedical subjects

J Cravioto

Publications and source records attributed to J Cravioto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The utility of cross-sectional measurements of weight and length for age in screening for growth failure (chronic malnutrition) and clinically severe protein-energy malnutrition.

The accuracy of identifying children with growth failure and/or clinically severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) from a single measure of length or weight for age from birth to 36 months was determined. Growth data were treated cross-sectionally and compared with National Center for Health Statistics growth standards in order to determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a single cross-sectional measure of weight-for-age or length-for-age in identifying children diagnosed via longitudinal records. Under 6 months of age, neither weight nor length for age was an adequate predictor of growth failure or clinical malnutrition; from 12 to 36 months, screening measures based on anthropometry were much improved. It was concluded that a single measure of weight or length for age taken close to the first birthday could identify up to 78% of the future second and third year cases of clinically severe PEM. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Body Height↗
PubMed1980

Double blind study of milk lactose intolerance in a group of rural and urban children.

Two-hundred forty rural and 101 urban children were studied in a double blind fashion to determine their clinical response to three types of milk. Each participant received in three different days, 250 ml of lactose free milk, regular milk, and lactose enriched milk. In the urban girls a control period in which no milk was given was included. In both study groups, lactose free milk was highly significantly better tolerated than the others. However, the frequency of subjects asymptomatic after its ingestion was much lower, particularly in the rural group, to that found previously in a group of adults of high socioeconomic status. It is thought that in the rural children, part of this phenomenon can be explained by intercurrent gastrointestinal infections. There also appears to be a "background" of gastrointestinal symptoms present in the children, which wrongly classifies them as symptomatic to milk ingestion. It is concluded that probably no less than 15% of children have gastrointestinal complaints after the ingestion of 250 ml of regular milk and that lactose hydrolyzed milk is highly significantly better tolerated than the others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A prospective study of the effects of clinically severe protein-energy malnutrition on growth.

The effects of severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) upon the growth of children was studied in a 13-month cohort. The serial records of 19 PEM children from the cohort were compared to those of cohort children with the same growth history (either failing or non-failing growth), but without severe PEM. When the comparison was made on the basis of age, no differences in growth were found except for arm muscle circumference at one age. Using Z-scores, comparisons were also made according to months before or after the diagnosis of PEM. When compared to children with the same growth history, PEM children showed short-term differences in weight and arm muscle circumference and a mild retardation in growth in length which was not significant. Any growth effects following the episode of severe PEM were accounted for by growth status preceding its onset.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The relationship of growth failure (chronic undernutrition) to the prevalence of clinically severe protein-energy malnutrition and to growth retardation in protein-energy malnutrition.

A total of 72 of 276 children from a rural Mexican village were chronically undernourished as judged by their growth failure between 6 and 36 months of age. Fourteen of the 72 and five of the remaining 204 children developed clinically severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as judged by clinical signs other than weight or length. This amounted to an 8-fold higher prevalence of PEM in the group of children with growth failure. When children were grouped into quartiles of length at 6 months by sex, quartile was not related to the subsequent occurrence of PEM or to the age when PEM developed. However, analysis indicated that the growth of children with PEM and growth failure had slowed relative to their quartiles before PEM developed; they were also retarded according to the Harvard standards. The children with PEM were then compared to others with a similar growth history (growth failure, no growth failure) who never developed PEM. PEM children did not differ significantly in over weight or length and displayed a significant difference in upper arm muscle circumference at only one age. The 14 with growth failure and PEM had poorer overall growth, including arm muscle circumference, than the five with PEM and no growth failure.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1978

Abnormal auditory evoked potentials in early infancy malnutrition.

Computer-averaged auditory evoked potentials were found to be abnormal in infants hospitalized because of severe malnutrition (marasmus). They improved as the infants' somatic growth improved during the course of treatment, but were still deviant at the time of discharge from the hospital and at subsequent outpatient follow-up. Abnormalities in evoked potentials may reflect a long-lasting effect of malnutrition on brain function.

Auditory Cortex↗
PubMed1977

Morbidity and growth of infants and young children in a rural Mexican village.

The relationship between childhood illnesses and growth increments in length and weight was investigated in a 13-month birth cohort of rural Mexican children. Increments in length and weight for each year from birth to three years were related to high and low frequencies of reported time ill during the same period. Seventy-two of the 276 children had already been characterized as exhibiting "growth failure" relative to other members of the cohorts, and this was considered as a separate factor in the study. We found that upper and lower respiratory infection did not affect incremental gain in height or weight. A high frequency of diarrheal infection was found to reduce weight gain, although gain in height was not affected. Relative to the total sample, the average child with a high frequency of diarrhea achieved only 95 per cent of expected body weight age three; a chidl with both growth failure and high diarrheal frequency reached only 90 per cent of expected body weight at age three.

Body Height↗