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Biomedical subjects

J Cravens

Publications and source records attributed to J Cravens.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Propionic acidaemia presenting with pancytopaenia in infancy.

A 2-month-old infant presented with vomiting, lethargy and pancytopaenia. She was found to have propionic acidaemia, and the activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in cultured fibroblasts was defective (McKusick 23200). Abnormal amounts of glycine, 3-hydroxypropionate, methylcitrate, tiglyglycine, propionylglycine, 2-methylacetoacetate, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-oxovalerate and 3-hydroxyvalerate were found in body fluids. It appears that the organic acidaemia leads to an inhibition in the maturation of cells in the bone marrow.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1979

Campylobacter enteritis associated with unpasteurized milk.

Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni has recently been recognized as a human enteric pathogen. Laboratory isolation has been hindered by its fastidious nature. Methods for recovery of this organism from stool culture and a specific serologic test are described. An outbreak is reported in which three members of the same family became simultaneously ill with fever, severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea. C. fetus ss. jejuni was recovered from stool specimens from all three. A fourfold increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer to this organism was demonstrated in each patient. All three patients had been consuming unpasteurized milk from a cow whose feces were infected with C. fetus ss. jejuni.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Growth, survival, and resistance of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium.

The Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium can now be readily cultured on artificial media. Studies were done to define the growth and survival of the LD bacterium in these media and ascertain its susceptibility to disinfecting agents. Growth-curve studies of the Philadelphia 1 strain using Mueller-Hinton broth with ferric pyrophosphate and L-cysteine (Feeley-Gorman broth) showed a lag phase of less than 24 h, a generation time of 3.8 h during the logarithmic phase, a plateau of 2 x 10(7) organisms per millilitre, and continued viability for as long as 110 d. Viability on chocolate agar with 1% hemoglobin and 2% IsoVitaleX added reached 150 d. This strain was susceptible to a variety of commonly recommended hospital and laboratory disinfectants, often in low concentrations. These investigations suggest that prolonged survival may occur in natural as well as artificial milieus and that low concentrations of phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and hypochlorite could eradicate potential reservoirs for human infection.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Campylobacter enteritis: clinical and epidemiologic features.

Campylobacter fetus subspecies (ssp.) jejuni has been recently recognized to cause diarrheal disease in man. To assess its importance as an enteric pathogen, we prospectively studied 514 patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from the feces of 26 patients (5%) and seven of 11 of their symptomatic household contacts. This organism was isolated from the feces of only one of 18 asymptomatic household contacts and not at all from 157 other healthy persons. Seventeen of 20 patients from whom C. fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from fecal culture showed at least a fourfold rise in specific IgG titers. Review of 35 cases of campylobacter enteritis identified a typical clinical syndrome with acute onset of diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and constitutional symptoms. Stool examination revealed blood in 60% and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in 78% of patients. Epidemiologic investigation strongly suggested an external source for the infection in 22 of 35 patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Campylobacter enteritis associated with canine infection.

Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni has recently been recognised as a human enteric pathogen. Five cases of campylobacter enteritis are described. All five patients had abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Two of the five patients had bloody diarrhoea and relapses. All the patients had been in contact with young dogs which had had diarrhoea. Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni was isolated from these dogs or from their litter-mates. Canine infection with Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni may be an important source of infection causing diarrhoea in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Sleep: effects of d- and l-amphetamine in man and in rat.

Almost identical results are reported in man and in rat for the effects of the amphetamine isomers on polygraphically recorded sleep. In both species, dextro-amphetamine produces a significantly greater increase in waking time. In both species, the two isomers have equal effects in reducing desynchronized sleep time. These findings combined with other recent data suggest that dopamine plays a direct rolw in wakefulness while norepinephrine is related inversely to amolnts of desynchronized sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Truamatic ophthalmoplegia: a complication of fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex. Review of etiology with report of an unusual case.

Ocular muscle imbalance is a common complication in fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex. Involvement can be direct; caused by entrapment of either the muscle or tendon in the fracture; or indirect, produced by central or peripheral damage to the cranial nerves supplying the muscles, massive orbital edema or hemorrhage. A case of complete paralysis of the extraocular muscles caused by a critical reduction of the size of the orbit as a result of fracture of the zygomaticomaxillary complex is described.

Adult↗