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Biomedical subjects

J Cornelius

Publications and source records attributed to J Cornelius.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Development of a rapid latex enhanced turbidimetric assay for retinol binding protein in urine.

We describe a simple, rapid and sensitive homogeneous immunoassay for urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) using latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. Rabbit anti-human RBP is covalently coupled to 40 nm latex particles and the assay performed on the IL Monarch 2000 centrifugal analyser, with a 20 microL sample volume and the reaction monitored at 340 nm over an 8 min period. The assay range is 0-6 mg/L with a detection limit of 25 micrograms/L. The within and between assay coefficients of variation are less than 1.5% and less than 2.5%, respectively. Comparison with radioimmunoassay for RBP showed good agreement.

Immunoassay↗
PubMed1991

The depressed borderline: one disorder or two?

Depression in the borderline patient may present as a reactive mood state, an expression of character, or an independent comorbid affective disorder. The symptom picture is most often heterogeneous, "atypical," and chronic. Pharmacologic trials with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) produce modest improvement on a variety of symptoms, though not always on depression. Medication effects on depressed mood in borderline personality disorder (BPD) are independent of comorbid diagnoses of major depression, atypical depression, or hysteroid dysphoria. Residual symptoms are the rule. A literature review, including studies of comorbidity, longitudinal followup, family history, and laboratory and pharmacotherapy studies, suggests that the borderline patient has both a core biologic affective dysregulation and a pathologic personality organization. The combination of constitutional and psychodynamic etiologies for borderline pathology requires consideration of both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in any comprehensive treatment.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Distribution and survival of passively transferred lymphoblasts in normal and tumor-bearing mice.

Although most circulating lymphocytes are long-lived small lymphocytes, it is the recently-divided medium and large-sized lymphoblasts that most clearly migrate to sites of inflammation, and they do so without regard to immunologic commitment. The tumor-bearing state frequently suppresses macrophage accumulation at inflammatory sites but it is not known whether lymphocyte traffic is similarly affected. We addressed this issue using passively transferred radiolabelled lymphoblasts. Lymphoblasts readily entered s.c. fibrosarcomas transplanted to C57BL/6 mice. Large and small tumors acquired the same number of lymphoblasts per gram of tumor, indicating the absence of an anti-inflammatory reaction. However, the intra-tumoral survival of lymphoblasts was shorter in large than in small tumors. Shortened survival was noted also in spleen and whole body of animals bearing tumors. Shortened survival rather than impaired emigration may contribute to the increase in tumor:lymphocyte ratio observed with large tumors. The adverse effect of tumor bearing on lymphoblast survival may be limited to tumors which acquire a high percentage of passively transferred lymphocytes since intraperitoneal P-815 mastocytomas in DBA/2 mice acquired few labelled lymphoblasts and did not alter lymphoblast survival. These results are important for host resistance to tumor growth and therapeutically for the use of lymphocyte cytotoxic cells induced to proliferate in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The amphetamine challenge test in patients with borderline disorder.

The authors used amphetamine as a psychopharmacological probe to investigate the hypothesis that patients with borderline personality disorder are prone to psychosis following ingestion of a dopamine agonist. Sixteen patients with borderline personality disorder participated in the study. Significant increases in the mean total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores and in activation and thought disturbance factors after amphetamine administration were noted in the sample. Patients with diagnoses of both schizotypal and borderline personality disorders worsened transiently with amphetamine administration, but patients with only the borderline diagnosis improved. These results indicate the usefulness of pharmacological probes to further understand DSM-III axis II disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Tumor cytokinetics in the presence of normal, alloimmune, or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated host cells simultaneously assayed in vivo and in vitro.

Rates of tumor cell loss, replication, and growth were determined simultaneously for P-815 mastocytoma cells placed in culture or transplanted as a peritoneal ascites tumor. Cytokinetic parameters were concordant in vitro to in vivo for P-815 cells growing in the presence of syngeneic DBA/2 resident or proteose peptone-elicited macrophages and under allogeneic C57BL/6 nonimmune conditions. Under alloimmune conditions, measured parameters differed in vitro from in vivo but conclusions were consistent in that alloimmune host cells were cytolytic and cytostatic and caused tumor regression. In contrast, syngeneic Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages were cytolytic and cytostatic in vitro but not in vivo despite equivalent or greater effector to target ratios, presence or absence of endotoxin in the tumor inoculi, or changes in the injection schedule of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Similarly, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages were cytolytic in vitro but not in vivo when admixed with tumor cells prior to injection into the leg. This study is the first simultaneously conducted cytokinetic analysis of a common pool of labeled tumor cells growing in vitro and in vivo using randomly selected mice as donors of host effector cells or as recipients of tumor transplantation. It demonstrates that activated macrophages which are cytolytic and cytostatic in vitro for P-815 cells may not function analogously in vivo in controlling tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Oral administration of ascorbic acid to horses.

The effects of oral administration of high doses of ascorbic acid on plasma concentrations were investigated in both experimental Thoroughbred horses and those within racing stables. A single oral dose (20 g) did not result in any increase in plasma concentrations. However, daily administration of either 4.5 g or 20 g doses resulted in significant increases in plasma concentrations. Monthly variations in plasma ascorbate concentrations were found in both supplemented (20 g daily) and unsupplemented stables. It is concluded that oral supplementation with ascorbic acid is a satisfactory route to increase plasma and tissue concentrations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Cytokinetics of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity.

A variety of methods have been described to measure cytotoxicity of host effector cells against tumor targets. While these methods have proven their value, they have certain limitations, most notably that the measured parameter cannot be related to the overall rate of tumor cell growth. Accordingly, we have developed a new method for measuring cytotoxicity based upon the rates of cell replication and target cell loss. While technically more demanding, this new method has the advantages that the data are biologically relevant to tumor cell growth and are appropriate for refined statistical analysis of measurements comparing treatment groups. This methodology was applied to macrophage-mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth. Proteose peptone-elicited macrophages decreased the rate of tumor cell loss but also tended to reduce the replicative rate of the tumor cells so that overall tumor cell growth was unaffected. In contrast, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages caused an overall reduction in tumor cell numbers by increasing the rate of tumor cell loss (cytolysis) and decreasing the rate of tumor cell replication (cytostasis). Simultaneously conducted isotope release assays revealed that the percentage released increased with time but that this did not reflect a change in the rate of cell death. An equation is given relating the rate of survival of control and experimental tumor cell populations to the commonly used percent specific isotope release. This relationship explains the dependency of isotope release on time and provides an explanation why isotope release did not reliably indicate the relative efficiency of killing by B. Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages for four different tumor targets.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of anti-inflammatory factors produced by murine tumor cells in culture.

P-815 mastocytoma cells from DBA/2 mice and a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma from C57BL/6 mice produced in culture at least two soluble anti-inflammatory factors that inhibited macrophage accumulation in vivo when the factors were injected sc into syngeneic recipients. One factor was a low-molecular-weight peptide (less than 1,000), as judged by ultrafiltration, failure of extraction by lipid solvents, nonsusceptibility to DNase or RNase, partial inactivation by trypsin, and complete inactivation by carboxypeptidase B. The second anti-inflammatory factor had a molecular weight between 30,000 and 100,000 and was also not extractable with lipid solvents. Production of anti-inflammatory factors by P-815 mastocytoma cells was inhibited by cycloheximide and cell irradiation but not by colchicine pretreatment of the cells, suggesting a relationship to protein synthesis rather than cell growth. Soluble anti-inflammatory factors depressed granulocyte as well as macrophage responses. Anti-inflammatory factors were not found in supernatants from cultures of splenocytes, peritoneal exudate cells, or murine lung fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Concurrent depression of tumor macrophage infiltration and systemic inflammation by progressive cancer growth.

Macrophage accumulation during the growth of a peritoneal ascites and three s.c. tumors in two animal species was analyzed and correlated with the capacity of the same tumor-bearing host to respond to inflammatory stimuli at sites distant to the tumor. Two of the three s.c. tumors induced systemic defects in macrophage accumulation; the tumor that did not (P-815 mastocytoma) did depress inflammation when transplanted to the peritoneal site. Macrophage accumulation within different tumors varied but, for a given tumor, it occurred in proportion to tumor growth when systemic inflammatory reactions were normal. However, the tumor to macrophage ratio increased dramatically and concurrently with onset of the generalized defect in macrophage inflammatory responsiveness. Accordingly, we concluded that macrophage mobility tested at remote sites is indicative of inflammatory events within the tumor. However, the antiinflammatory effect directed against macrophages is probably not a significant factor in tumor emergence since the required number of tumor cells was large and variable between not only tumors but also sites of transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variation in cognitive functioning in nonorganic psychiatric disorders.

Level of cognitive function is usually conceptualized as a feature of organic psychiatric disorders. Classically, its assessment is part of the mental status examination. Standardized tests, such as the Folstein battery, are used to screen for organic disorders by measuring level and possible impairment of cognitive function through the stipulation of cutoff points. However, contemporary definitions of psychiatric disorders do not embrace such a categorical view of cognitive function. It is important to measure the level of cognitive function in all types of psychiatric disorders in relation to demographic characteristics. Consequently, it is better to view cognitive function as a continuous variable. The Cognitive Function Inventory (CFI), which can also yield a Folstein score, was used to assess cognition in patients diagnosed as having nonorganic psychiatric disorders. A number of different parameters of cognitive function are examined. Differences associated with demographic background and type of disorder are reported. The implications of these results are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sociocultural and clinical characteristics of patients with comorbid depressions: a comparison of substance abuse and non-substance abuse diagnoses.

Patients with three varieties of major depression (MD) were compared with respect to sociocultural and clinical characteristics. The patients sought psychiatric evaluation in an intake setting during a 6-year interval. The groups that were compared included MD (sole axis I diagnosis; N = 3,913); MD with a comorbid non-substance abuse ([MD-nonSA] N = 594); and MD with a comorbid substance abuse ([MD-SA] N = 690). Prominent demographic differences were found in the three groups, with males, lower social class status, younger age, and African American ethnicity being more prominent in MD-SA. The four demographic variables, axis I status, axis II diagnosis, and axis III diagnosis constituted the independent variable in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) main-effects comparison of social function (during last year and currently in three areas) and type of depression symptoms (somatic and psychological). Of the demographic variables, age and social class proved to have significant effects on social function and psychological symptoms. Each of the three "syndromic" axes (Axis I, Axis II, and Axis III) had a significant impact on social function and psychological symptoms. Only Axis III produced differences in somatic symptoms. The social and cultural implications of these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements and their antibodies in placentae and sera of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Studies suggest that preeclampsia (PE) originates in the placenta and is associated with deficient trophoblast invasion of spiral arteries. The direct cause remains unknown, but preeclampsia is often associated with circulating factors that can induce generalized endothelial dysfunction. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in circulation are also associated with vascular diseases. Although the quantification of APA is not currently used as a prognostic of the risk of PE, studies suggest that thrombophilias play a role in PE pathogenesis. In fact, the pathology of placentae from PE and Antiphospholipid syndrome patients is similar; atherosis, thrombosis and infarction, and endothelium activation represent the pathological mechanisms. We identified a new antibody which recognizes non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements (NPA) in membrane models and in cell membranes in vivo, and which triggered an autoimmune-like disease in mice. We evaluated the presence of NPA in the placentae and in sera, and whether NPA induced NPA antibodies in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Results showed increased levels of NPA in the syncytiotrophoblast, extravillous cytotrophoblast, syncytial knots and the amnion epithelial cell membranes of the placenta, as well as increases in NPA and NPA antibodies in sera from HDP patients, when compared with controls. This suggests that NPA derived from placenta could be one of multiple factors associated with pregnancy pathologies.

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical profile of comorbid major depression and alcohol use disorders in an initial psychiatric evaluation.

This study evaluated the clinical profile of patients who presented with both DSM-III major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) as compared with that of patients with either diagnosis alone. Comparison of these three groups (MD without AUD, AUD without MD, and comorbid AUD-MD) selected from a large sample (8,139) of general adult psychiatric patients showed that the historical, cross-sectional, and dispositional profile of AUD-MD patients occupied an intermediate position between that of the other two groups. The symptomatology of AUD-MD patients was somewhat closer to that of MD patients, whereas the premorbid personal and social history and dispositional status were more similar to those of AUD patients. AUD-MD patients had a strikingly higher rate of suicidal indicators as compared with AUD or MD patients.

Adult↗