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Biomedical subjects

J Corbett

Publications and source records attributed to J Corbett.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Posterior callosal section in a non-epileptic patient.

The major studies of the effects of callosal section in humans have been conducted in severe epileptic patients in whom commissurotomy has been performed for management of intractable seizures. In spite of the evidence which has been amassed it is possible to criticise the results, on the grounds that all patients had seizures for many years prior to surgery and hence it is conceivable that some adaptive reorganisation of the epileptic brain might account for the different behaviour of the two hemispheres. Specifically, since the primary epileptic focus and its possible underlying focal damage are often asymmetric, one hemisphere might have had to adapt to the functional deficit of the other and thereby produce the basis for the unusually striking hemispheric differences. The answer to these reservations must come from the study of non-epileptic subjects who undergo some form of commissurotomy for reasons other than treatment of seizures, particularly if the intervention involves the posterior third of the corpus callosum, the sector considered responsible for the more remarkable "disconnection" signs. Only seven such cases have been reported. Here we report findings in a non-epileptic and previously normal 16-year-old boy who underwent section of the splenium for exploration of a pineal tumour. Our results indicate that surgical section of the splenium produced visual disconnection signs comparable to those seen in epileptic patients with complete commissurotomy.

Adolescent↗

Central achromatopsia: behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic aspects.

The neuropsychologic, neuroanatomic, and neurophysiologic correlates of achromatopsia were studied in two patients. Prosopagnosia accompanied the color perception defect in the bilateral case but not in the unilateral one. No other neuropsychologic disturbance was present in either case. The lesions compromised the ventromedial sector of the occipital lobe in both cases. Cerebral evoked responses produced by pattern shift stimulation were normal for black and white but abnormal for red and green, when stimulation was given in the achromatopsic field.

Cerebral Infarction↗

Dominant lethal mutagenicity study on hair dyes.

A dominant lethal mutagenicity study was performed in rats with the following chemicals that may be used to dye hair: 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, p-toluenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,5-diaminoanisole, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, and 4-amino-2-nitrophenol. The compounds were administered intraperitoneally three times weekly for 8 weeks to groups of 20 sexually mature Charles River CD male rats at a dose of 20 mg/kg. This amount of dye is an enormous exaggeration of the human exposure from brief montly topical application of a hair color product containing 2 g (40 mg/kg) or less total dye. There was no evidence of an increase in postimplantation fetal loss which could indicate a dominant lethal effect. Included are data on the acute toxicity of the dyes by various routes of administration in different vehicles.

Animals↗

Lactic acidosis.

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Adult↗

The burnout of nursing staff working with challenging behaviour clients in hospital-based bungalows and a community unit.

The aim of this pilot study was to compare the burnout of nursing staff who worked with clients who displayed challenging behaviour in hospital-based bungalows and a community unit. Twenty-six and 12 nursing staff were randomly chosen from four hospital-based bungalows and a community unit. Staff assessed their clients' behaviour, using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and were later interviewed, using a self-constructed Staff Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The results showed that clients in the hospital-based bungalows were more severe in challenging behaviour than those in the community unit. The staff in the hospital-based bungalows were less satisfied with their salaries and enjoyed less their contact with clients. They complained more than the community unit staff and felt that their present training was inadequate. They were also more emotionally exhausted and experienced more depersonalization towards clients than the community unit staff. The level of personal accomplishment was, however, similar in the two groups. Correlations showed that there were significant associations between staff burnout and management issues rather than clients' behaviour, particularly in the hospital-based bungalow group.

Adult↗

Heritable translocation study on two hair dye formulations.

Sexually mature Charles River Sprague Dawley CD outbred male rats received topical applications of hair dyes twice weekly for 10 weeks. They were then mated to one sexually mature female of the same strain each week for three weeks. One hundred F1 males from these matings, maintained under standard conditions for 12 weeks, were paired with one mature female per week for three weeks. The pregnancies were interrupted after approximately 16 days and the numbers of live and dead fetuses and implantations and resorptions were recorded. Fertility rates were high for both generations. Average litter sizes for the two hair dye groups and the control in the F1 generation were nearly identical and were in excess of 11 live pups per litter. There is no evidence from these results that frequent topical applications of hair dyes cause stable chromosomal rearrangements, such as translocations, which may result in reduced fertility of the offspring of the treated subject.

Animals↗

Repetitive strain injury in computer keyboard users: pathomechanics and treatment principles in individual and group intervention.

Computer users experience high rates of injury and disability, broadly termed repetitive strain injury (RSI). With more than 60 million Americans using computers in offices and homes, the potential magnitude of the RSI problem indicates a need for increased attention to prevention and treatment. The purpose of this article is to: 1) present a conceptual model of RSI as a kinetic-chain, multifactorial disorder; 2) outline the salient features of the clinical evaluation of the RSI patient; 3) describe the role of postural deviation in the pathogenesis of RSI; 4) present the principles of individual manual therapy; and 5) discuss the rationale, admission criteria, educational principles, and outcome of a multidisciplinary group intervention.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗