Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Corbella

Publications and source records attributed to J Corbella.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Developmental toxicity of cobalt in the rat.

To determine the potential developmental toxicity of cobalt, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given by gavage a daily dose of 0, 25, 50; and 100 mg/kg cobalt(II) chloride on d 6-15 of gestation. Females were sacrificed on d 20. Maternal effects included significant reductions in weight gain and food consumption, particularly at 100 mk/kg.d. Hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and reticulocytes were increased significantly in the 100-mg/kg.d group. No treatment-related changes were recorded in the number of corpora lutea, total implants, resorptions, the number of live and dead fetuses, fetal size parameters, or fetal sex distribution data. Increased incidence of stunted fetuses per litter was the only adverse finding at 50 and 100 mg/kg.d group. However, this increase was not statistically significant. Examination of fetuses for gross external abnormalities, skeletal malformations, or ossification variations revealed that cobalt did not produce teratogenicity or significant fetotoxicity in the rat at doses as high as 100 mg/kg.d.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Lead toxicity on endocrine testicular function in an occupationally exposed population.

The hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis was evaluated in a group of 23 men who worked in the lead smelting industry and had a history of occupational inorganic lead exposure. The endocrine status of the workers was related to lead poisoning biological markers. According to the duration of their lead exposure they were divided into three groups: group 1 less than 1 year, n = 5; group 2 between 3 and 5 years, n = 8; group 3 greater than 5 years, n = 10. Serum testosterone (T), steroid binding globulin (SBG), free testosterone index (T/SBG), serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Blood lead levels, and blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) were measured in all workers. Groups 2 and 3 showed a decrease in serum testosterone levels, an increase in SBG levels, and a decrease in T/SBG index, suggesting a correlation between testicular dysfunction and duration of exposure. There was an increase in serum LH in group 1, which was not progressive. This suggests that prolonged lead exposure initially produces a direct testicular toxicity followed by hypothalamic or pituitary disturbance when longer periods of exposure take place.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and mesenteric venous thrombosis in fatal Amanita poisoning.

1. A case of fatal Amanita phalloides poisoning in a 14-year-old boy is described. 2. The patient presented severe acute liver dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation and refractory hypoxaemia, and died on the 9th day after mushroom ingestion. 3. Post-mortem examination revealed mesenteric venous thrombosis, massive liver necrosis and haemorrhagic pulmonary alveolitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comparative effects of several chelating agents on the toxicity, distribution and excretion of aluminium.

The relative efficacy of citric, malic, malonic, oxalic and succinic acids, and deferoxamine mesylate (DFOA) on the toxicity, distribution and excretion in mice exposed to aluminum were compared. Chelating agents were administered intraperitoneally at a dose equal to one-fourth of their respective LD50. To determine the effect of the various chelators on the toxicity of aluminum, various doses of aluminum nitrate (938-3188 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally, followed by one of the chelators. Survival was recorded at the end of 14 days. Malic and succinic acids were the most effective. Malic acid and DFOA were the most effective in increasing the urinary excretion of aluminum. Citric acid was the most effective in increasing the faecal excretion of aluminum. Malonic, oxalic and succinic acids had no overall beneficial effects. Citric acid would appear to be the most effective agent of those tested in the prevention of acute aluminium intoxication. However, before the use of these compounds in human aluminium intoxication is possible, further investigations including the effects of these chelators after chronic aluminium intoxication are required.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Citric, malic and succinic acids as possible alternatives to deferoxamine in aluminum toxicity.

The effect of repeated intraperitoneal administration of deferoxamine, citric, malic and succinic acids on the distribution and excretion of aluminum was determined in male Swiss mice which had previously received aluminum nitrate intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 0.27 mmol/kg for five weeks. Chelating agents were administered for two weeks at doses approximately equal to one-fourth of their respective LD50. Treatment with DFOA, citric, malic or succinic acids significantly increased the fecal and urinary excretion of aluminum and reduced the concentration of aluminum found in various organs and tissues, with citric acid being the most effective. In sight of these results, citric, malic or succinic acids may be considered as alternatives to deferoxamine in aluminum toxicity. However, further investigations are required previous to the possible use of these compounds in human aluminum poisoning.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Comparative effects of repeated parenteral administration of several chelators on the distribution and excretion of cobalt.

Effects of repeated ip administration of glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), ethylendiamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and diethylentriamepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on the distribution and excretion of cobalt were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of ten animals received intraperitoneally 0.06 mmol CoCl2/kg/day, three days/week for four weeks. 24 hr after the last injection, daily chelation therapy was initiated. Rats received one of the chelators or saline for 5 days. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and urine and feces were collected daily for 5 days after which time the rats were killed and the concentration of cobalt was determined in various tissues. Glutathione, NAC and DTPA significantly increased the excretion of cobalt into urine whereas EDTA, NAC and DMSA were the most effective chelators increasing the fecal elimination of cobalt. The concentration of cobalt in the various tissues was only decreased by NAC (liver and spleen) and glutathione (spleen). The observed increase in the cobalt excretion with certain chelators would suggest that increasing the duration of chelation therapy may decrease the concentrations of cobalt in tissues and hence, reduce the toxicity of the metal.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1988

The removal of zinc from the mouse by polyamincarboxylic acids (CDTA and DTPA) following semichronic zinc ingestion.

Effects of ip treatment with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA) on the zinc (Zn) excretion and Zn levels in selected mouse organs and tissues were assessed after mice were offered deionized water containing zinc acetate dihydrate (108 mg/kg/day) as the sole drinking fluid for 4 weeks. Following this period, the Zn-containing water was replaced by tap water and therapy with DTPA or CDTA was initiated. The animals received 6 injections of chelators or 0.9% saline (control group) on alternate days for 2 weeks of treatment. The dose of chelating agents was approximately equal to 1/4 of their respective ip LD50 values. Mice were housed in metabolic cages, and urine and feces were collected 24 hr after the first, fourth and sixth administration of the chelators. Six animals in each group were sacrificed at the same days. Although feces was the predominant route of elimination for Zn, only DTPA significantly increased the fecal excretion of Zn after the first administration of chelator. Treatment with DTPA or CDTA resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of Zn in brain, spleen, and heart after the first injection. DTPA was consistently the most effective in increasing the urinary and fecal excretion of Zn and reducing the concentration of the metal found in various tissues. CDTA would be considered as a possible alternative.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Lung function in the workers of a cromate producing industry.

Lung function and radiographic study was realized on 184 workers in a chromate producing industry (113 chronically exposed, 41 intermittently exposed and 30 unexposed). Prevalences were 22 (11.9%) cases of obstructive ventilatory pattern, 22 (11.9%) restrictive and 18 (9.7%) mixed. In the different ventilatory disfunction patterns, multivariant analysis in the three exposure groups, controlled by the tobacco variable, was statistically significant between exposure and restrictive ventilatory pattern (p = 0.0065). None of the workers presented radiologic alterations according to the ILO, 1980.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acute zinc intoxication: comparison of the antidotal efficacy of several chelating agents.

Four zinc compounds (acetate, nitrate, chloride and sulfate) were administered po or ip to rats and mice. The LD50 values were determined. Animals were observed for 14 days. The majority of deaths occurred during the first 48 hr. The clinical and physical signs appearing after intoxication included miosis, conjunctivitis, decreased food and water consumption and hemorrhages and hematomas in the tail. These changes decreased with time which would suggest a quick elimination of zinc. To determine the effect of 6 chelating agents on the toxicity of zinc, various doses of zinc acetate (66-330 mg/kg) were given ip to male mice followed by the injection of one of the chelators. DTPA, D-PA, CDTA and EDTA were the most effective. CDTA and DTPA were also the most effective in increasing the urinary excretion of zinc. DTPA appears to be the most effective agent of those tested in the prevention of acute zinc intoxication. However, CDTA may be considered as a possible alternative.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effects of aluminium ingestion on reproduction and postnatal survival in rats.

Aluminium nitrate was tested for its effects on reproduction, gestation, and lactation in Sprague-Dawley rats, at dosages of 0, 180, 360 and 720 mg/kg/day. Mature male rats were treated orally for 60 days prior to mating with mature virgin female rats treated for 14 days prior to mating with treatment continuing throughout mating, gestation, parturition, and weaning of the litters. One-half of the dams in each group were killed on day 13 of gestation and the remaining dams were allowed to deliver and wean their offspring. Postnatal development was monitored. No adverse effects on fertility or general reproductive parameters were evident at doses employed in these studies. However, the survival ratios were higher for the control group. Moreover, a dose-dependent delay in the growth of the living young could be observed in aluminium treated groups. Therefore, it would seem that high amounts of aluminium should not be ingested during the periods of gestation.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1987

Relative efficacy of chelating agents as antidotes for acute gallium nitrate intoxication.

Twelve chelating agents were administered to mice by IP injection to compare their relative effectiveness in preventing death after a single IP injection of gallium nitrate. Na2Ca-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), Na3Ca-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulfonic acid (Tiron), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), L-cysteine and sodium salicylate were not effective for acute gallium nitrate intoxication. The therapeutic indices of the effective chelators were: 25.4 (deferoxamine mesylate), 35.7 (citric acid), 42.3 (succinic acid), 52.2 (malic acid) and 111.1 (oxalic acid).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Acute toxicity studies of aluminium compounds: antidotal efficacy of several chelating agents.

Four aluminum compounds--nitrate, chloride, sulphate and bromide--were administered orally and intraperitoneally to rats and mice. The LD50-values (14 days) were determined. The majority of deaths occurring during the first four days. The clinical and physical signs appearing after intoxication include among other lethargy, decreased locomotor activity, piloerection, weight loss and perorbital bleeding. After 14 days no alterations in liver and renal functions were detected in the animals which received intraperitoneally the LD50-values of aluminum nitrate as a single dose. Aluminum concentrations were highest in liver and spleen. No histopathological lesions could be observed. To compare the efficacies of nine chelating agents on the toxicity of aluminum in mice, the therapeutic index and the therapeutic effectiveness of each chelating agent have been calculated. Malic, succinic, oxalic and malonic acids showed the best results with malic and succinic acids being the most effective. Deferoxamine mesylate (DFOA), sodium salicylate, L-cysteine and citric acid were not so effective as antidotes for acute aluminum toxicity. Aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATCA) should not be used due to its high toxicity.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1987

Pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene in serum and urine of the population of Barcelona.

1 Urinary chlorophenols of the general population of Barcelona, Spain were determined. Pentachlorophenol (PCP: 25.0 +/- 3.9 ng/ml; mean +/- s.e.m., n = 50) and tetrachlorophenol (TCP: 6.2 +/- 1.6 ng/ml; mean +/- s.e.m., n = 25) were found in all samples. 2 Pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene were also determined in serum. Both were present in all samples (PCP: 21.9 +/- 1.9 ng/ml; HCB: 11.1 +/- 1.1 ng/ml; mean +/- s.e.m., n = 100). Their concentrations do not show any correlation, suggesting no metabolic relation between them.

Chlorobenzenes↗
PubMed1987

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

France↗