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Biomedical subjects

J Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J Cooper.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

New model for the secondary structure of the 5' non-coding RNA of poliovirus is supported by biochemical and genetic data that also show that RNA secondary structure is important in neurovirulence.

A secondary structure model for the 5' non-coding RNA of poliovirus has been derived by comparing computer-generated folding patterns of equivalent sequences from a number of related enteroviruses and rhinoviruses and identifying compensating mutations that suggest conservation of a common secondary structure. Although certain elements are similar, the new model differs considerably from a previously published minimal energy structure and is consistent with the observed sensitivity of in vitro RNA transcripts of infectious poliovirus cDNA to RNases and modifying chemicals. The sequence of a neurovirulent revertant of an attenuated mutant provides additional evidence for an interaction between a region known to be important for neurovirulence, sequence 471-483, and nucleotides 528 to 538.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients: some social, demographic and service factors.

Forty-two consecutively identified Afro-Caribbean patients with a first episode of psychosis were compared with a similar group of non-Caribbean patients. A number of differences emerged, although the same proportion of patients in each group had symptoms for 6 months or more prior to psychiatric contact. Afro-Caribbean patients showed greater delay in seeking help, more 'disturbance' later in the course of their illness and were more likely to be admitted compulsorily. The social geography of the two groups suggests that the high rates of schizophrenia and related psychoses that we previously reported cannot be explained simply by differences in area of residence at the time of presentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Motivational basis of dissonance: the singular role of behavioral consequences.

This article provides the first empirical test of the idea that discrepancy is not needed in order to arouse cognitive dissonance. Dissonance was aroused when Ss felt responsible for some aversive consequence, regardless of whether their behavior was consistent (writing a proattitudinal essay) or inconsistent (a counterattitudinal essay) with beliefs. The data demonstrate that in both situations, dissonance is aroused. This result, based on the dissonance motivation model of Cooper and Fazio (1984), strongly suggests that the motivational basis for dissonance is the felt responsibility for aversive consequences. The theoretical implications of this outlook are explored, including a discussion of the many ways that it expands the applicability of dissonance theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Renal imaging with 99Tcm-labelled DMSA in the detection of acute pyelonephritis: an experimental study in the pig.

Serial renal 99Tcm-labelled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigrams were acquired 2-58 days after the introduction of urinary tract infection in 33 pigs with experimentally induced vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). In 29 animals VUR was unilateral and in four bilateral, a total of 37 refluxing systems. Animals were killed either at varying intervals after a scintigraphic defect was noted (24 refluxing kidneys) or after a period when sequential scintigrams were normal (13 refluxing kidneys). The appearance of the scintigram acquired on the day prior to death was compared with the renal pathology, each kidney and renal image being divided into three zones (upper, middle, lower) for separate consideration. Of the 37 refluxing systems pyelonephritic lesions were seen in 27, in a total of 61 zones. In the remaining ten kidneys no scintigraphic defect was detected and no pathological lesions were identified either macroscopically or microscopically. Where an abnormality was detected on the scintigram a lesion was always identified in the kidney (sensitivity 100%). Small pyelonephritic lesions in a total of 12 zones in six kidneys were not detected on the scintigram (specificity 82%). Of the lesions undetected by scintigraphy only one occurred in the upper pole.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of fusional ranges measured by Risley prisms, vectograms, and computer orthopter.

Maximum base-in (BI) and base-out (BO) fusion vergence ranges were measured in 38 normal subjects using 3 different clinical procedures. These procedures used different instruments, instructions, and vergence stimuli (Risley prisms, vectograms, and video-displayed contour and random dot stereograms) presented at 50.8 cm. Test-retest measures, which were taken on each test for each subject, indicated high positive correlations between test and retest measures for most vergence tests. Paired inter-test correlations among five different tests varied as a function of the pairing as well as type of measure taken (BI, BO, break, recovery). It was concluded that different methods of measuring vergence provide different kinds of information and such tests may not be used interchangeably.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of immunogenic, but non-infectious, poliovirus particles in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector.

A baculovirus expression vector (AcLeon) derived from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) was prepared containing the complete 6.6 kb coding region of the P3/Leon/37 strain of poliovirus type 3 placed under the control of the AcNPV polyhedrin promoter. The recombinant virus was used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. As demonstrated by use of the appropriate antibodies, infected insect cells made poliovirus proteins that included the structural proteins VP0, VP1 and VP3. Poliovirus particles were recovered from extracts of the infected cells and demonstrated to be free from detectable levels of RNA and to be non-infectious in tissue culture. After particle purification by CsCl gradient centrifugation and immunization of outbred mice, antibodies to the structural proteins, including neutralizing antibodies, were obtained. Other recombinant baculoviruses, containing the majority of the capsid coding region of P3/Leon/37 (e.g. AcCAP21, nucleotide residues 742 to 3318), made an unprocessed precursor to the poliovirus structural proteins. These data suggested that processing of the poliovirus gene product by the AcLeon construct was catalysed by the poliovirus-encoded proteases. The results demonstrated that antigenic and immunogenic poliovirus proteins and empty particles can be made in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for breast cancer by mode of diagnosis: some results from a breast cancer screening study.

We have investigated factors affecting the probability that a woman with breast cancer participating in a mammographic screening programme will be diagnosed by the screen. Data from a large American case-control study, with subjects drawn from women participating in an annual screening programme, were used. During the screening programme, 409 cases were identified, the mode of diagnosis being screen detection for 331 and interval detection for 78. No significant relationships were found between mode of diagnosis and age, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, age at first live birth, age at menopause or history of maternal breast cancer. There was a non-significant trend for particular mammographic patterns to be associated with interval detection. However relative risk of breast cancer and probability of interval detection were observed to increase about the time of the menopause. These results suggest that the 3 yearly mammography programme being introduced in the UK might be improved if an extra examination was included around the time of the menopause.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Perception of unilateral lower extremity weightbearing during bilateral upright stance.

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the error in 61 healthy subjects' perceptions of weight-bearing at three target levels during bilateral upright stance. The secondary purpose was to describe the effects of age, sex, lower extremity dominance and target weightbearing level on the error in perceptions of weightbearing. Weightbearing was determined while subjects stood on digital scales. They adjusted their weight in an attempt to bear 25, 50, and 75% of their weight through a designated lower extremity. Three trials were allowed at each weightbearing target, and the results were averaged. Each subject's error in perception of weightbearing at each target level was determined by taking the absolute value of the target percent weightbearing minus the mean actual percent weightbearing. The mean errors at the 25, 50, and 75% targets were 7.3, 3.3, and 7.7%, respectively. The magnitude of the error was unrelated to age. An analysis of variance showed that error was not dependent on sex or whether the dominant lower extremity was used for making judgements. The error did differ between target levels. Clinicians cannot assume, based on the findings of this study, that individuals can accurately judge the percent weightbearing they are placing through one of their lower extremities during bilateral upright stance.

Adult↗