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Biomedical subjects

J Cook

Publications and source records attributed to J Cook.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Serological tests in the differentiation of staphylococcal and tuberculous bone disease.

The haemagglutination test for antileucocidin is frequently positive in cases of bone tuberculosis in the absence of obvious staphylococcal infection. This test is therefore of little practical use in the differentiation of staphylococcal and tuberculous bone disease, and its use has been discontinued at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. The antigamma haemolysin test in bone tuberculosis appears to give rise to few false positive results. Our observations confirm that the anti-alpha haemolysin and antigamma haemolysin tests used together reveal about 80 percent of cases of staphylococcal bone infection on first presentation or relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Influence of some social and environmental factors on the nutrient intake and nutritional status of schoolchildren.

Only children had significantly higher intakes of many nutrients and nutrients/1000 kcal than other children. A higher proportion of only children was found to be obese. There were no significant differences according to birthrank in intakes by children. There were more obese children among the fatherless than those with fathers, in particular among those whose mothers were widowed. However, this was not accounted for by the present dietary findings, since fatherless children had lower intakes of carbohydrate and added sugar. There were no differences in nutrient intake or intake/1000 kcal by mother's country of origin or her level of education, or by disposable income.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

School meals and the nutrition of schoolchildren.

The contribution of school meals to the nutrition of 778 primary and secondary schoolchildren attending schools in Kent was assessed using information collected during a survey made in 1968-70 which included a weighed diet record, a socioeconomic questionnaire, and a medical examination. Younger children, those from larger families, those without fathers, and those whose mothers worked were more likely to take school meals. Significantly more children from lower social classes and without fathers received them free. School meals made an important contribution to the nutrition of schoolchildren. Children who took them had higher weekday lunchtime nutrient intake during term-time. Children in lower social classes, larger families, and without fathers who took school meals obtained a higher proportion of their weekday intake of nutrients from lunchtime than other children. This applied in particular to nutrients important for growth. School meals consumed by children in the study broadly met the standard set by the Department of Education and Science. The mean energy and protein content of school meals consumed in the study was slightly lower and the mean fat content higher than the standard set for the meal. The mean sugar content was about one-third higher than the suggested amount of sugar to be included in a school meal. There was no evidence that children who took school meals were taller, heavier, had greater skinfold thickness, or were more likely to be assessed as obese than other children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Cholinergic modification of glucose-induced biphasic insulin release in vitro.

An in vitro system for perifusion of rat pancreatic islets has been utilized to define the effects of cholinergic agents on the dynamics of insulin release. In the absence of glucose the effects of either acetylcholine or acetyl-beta-methylcholine were minimal at concentrations up to 10(-5) mM. In the presence of low glucose concentration (2.4 mM), both of the muscarinic agents produced dose-dependent biphasic insulin release. Under these conditions significant insulin release was observed over both phases at concentrations of the muscarinic agents as low as 10(-8) mM. Further, the dose response curves relating muscarinic concentration to the total amount of insulin released in each of the two phases showed lack of parallelism between the curves. Nicotinic acid in concentrations up to 10(-5) mM had no effect on insulin release in the presence of 2.4 mM glucose. When the glucose concentration was increased to 16.4 mM, the effects of the muscarinic agents were significantly less than those observed in the presence of 2.4 mM glucose. This held true whether the effect was defined as absolute increment due to the muscarinic agent or as percentage of enhancement. Atropine inhibited insulin release induced by both acetylcholine and by 16.4 mM glucose. These data indicate that cholinergic stimulation can play a significant role in modifying insulin release patterns.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1974

Use of acute medical and general-practitioner beds by the practitioners working in one new town.

Patients admitted to hospital by a defined group of general practitioners under their own care differ in age, diagnostic category, perceived needs, use of services and outcome, from those admitted by the same general practitioners to consultant beds. However, problems of methodology have to be kept in mind when interpreting the results.These findings suggest that general practitioners see consultant and general-practitioner care as having different attributes but only broadly indicate the nature of these. This study has not attempted to answer the question of outcome: What are the needs of the patient which can be most satisfactorily met by different forms of care-consultant care, general-practitioner care in hospital, and general-practitioner care at home?The next stage must be the development of both a more valid measure of a wide range of needs, and controlled trials of care into the effects of different forms and place of care on patients with differing types of needs.

Adolescent↗