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Biomedical subjects

J Cook

Publications and source records attributed to J Cook.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists on the dermographic response.

The effect on dermographic wealing of an H1 and H2 receptor antagonist was studied separately and in combination. a double-blind protocol was used and dermographism was measured as the diameter of weal response to a measured force. Both H1 and H2 antagonists had a small but non-significant effect, but the combination of H1 plus H2 antagonist had an approximately additive effect which was significant. Although this indicates a role for H2 receptors in dermographism it does not establish the degree of involvement, nor whether H2 antagonists necessarily have any advantage over a potent H1 blocker alone in the treatment of dermographism.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The human C3b receptor.

The cellular receptor for the C3b fragment of the third component of complement is a 205,000 molecular weight glycoprotein expressed by erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, B lymphocytes, a subset of T lymphocytes and glomerular podocytes. The receptor molecule is a potent inhibitor of complement activation by both the alternative and classical pathways. It serves as a cofactor in the proteolytic degradation of C3b bound to immune complexes. On neutrophils and monocytes, the receptor enhances immunoglobulin-dependent phagocytosis of opsonized particles and triggers internalization of soluble ligands bearing C3b. The number of C3b receptor molecules expressed on erythrocytes is genetically determined and was found to be low in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: these abnormalities when associated with a low number of receptors in the kidney of patients with non-systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis may predispose to immune complex diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The varying tissue distribution of L-glutamic acid labelled at three different sites.

Methods using 5 and 6 enzymes were devised to synthesize L-[11C]glutamic acid (GA), labeled on the carboxyl group of either the alpha-(AGA) or gamma-(GGA) carbon atom. The distribution of the 11C-labeled AGA or GGA in rabbits was compared with that of L-[13N]glutamic acid. The results show that AGA was rapidly decarboxylated with loss of the 11C-label, and that GGA was also decarboxylated, but to a lesser degree. Thus, the radiolabel distribution may not reflect the distribution of the original compound. The results also demonstrate that positron labeled pharamaceuticals may be rapidly synthesized via complex enzymatic pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of sebum excretion by an H2 blocker.

Cimetidine, 1g orally per day, partially inhibited sebum excretion in patients with acne. Whether this was the result of H2-receptor blockade or an antiandrogen action is unknown.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1979

Central nervous system changes complicating the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of a nasopharyngeal neoplasm in a diabetic patient.

A case is reported of a diabetic patient with a nasopharyngeal neoplasm who developed radiation induced brainstem damage even though irradiated at a conventional time-dose-volume relationship. The clinical course was correlated with autopsy findings which revealed radiation changes in the brainstem consisting primarily of vascular hyalinization with foci of infarction, edema, and demyelination. Atherosclerotic changes were conspicuously absent and therefore not the case of the alterations. The changes occurred three months after completion of therapy, which was more rapid than expected for radiation injury. It is hypothesized that diabetes may have predisposed the patient to this severe complication of standard therapy. More needs to be learned concerning the relationship between diabetes mellitus and radiation complications. Perhaps a modified time-dose relationship should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hemodialysis with glycerol dialysate.

Glycerol has a rate and volume of distribution similar to urea. Thirty-six mM glycerol in the dialysate prevents the fall in serum osmolality but does not decrease symptoms or improve the vascular stability of patients on chronic hemodialysis. We suggest that the benefits of mannitol, sodium and glucose in preventing or reversing symptoms during chronic dialysis are due to their extracellular distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Hospital cost per case: analyses using a statewide data system.

In this paper, we establish relationships between hospital cost per case and the independent variables; case mix complexity, case mix severity, factor input prices, and hospital characteristics. Two hundred and sixteen thousand discharges from Maryland's acute general hospitals are grouped into 383 Diagnostic Related Groups which are used to compute an information theoretic measure of case mix complexity. Multiple linear regression equations are developed which predict up to 88% of the variance of between-hospital cost per case. The most highly significant predictors of cost per case are complexity, patient age, proportion of high risk patients, average length of stay, and nonphysician salary levels. Two distinct groups of hospitals, metropolitan and rural, are defined and models are developed for each. We discuss the implications of these findings for the identification and regulation of unexpectedly high cost hospitals and for prospective cost per case reimbursement.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Infection of total hip prostheses by Peptococcus magnus: an immunofluorescence and ELISA study of two cases.

In two cases of infected total hip replacements, Peptococcus magnus was isolated in pure culture from the implant when it was removed. Fluorescent antibody and ELISA studies have shown that both patients developed an antibody response to this anaerobic coccus soon after the replacement operation. These results suggest that the organism is a true infective agent, which was probably responsible for the failure of the arthroplasty operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The influence of availability of free school milk on the height of children in England and Scotland.

The effect is investigated of availability of free school milk on height gain in one year of six- and seven-year-old primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland, using data collected annually from 1972 to 1976. The height gain of children for whom milk was available for the whole year of observation was compared with that of children who had no milk. Out of 16 sex-country-year-specific analyses for children from manual social classes only, 13 showed no significant evidence of greater height gain in children who had milk. Comparison of children from Social Classes IV and V (semi-skilled and unskilled) showed no greater increase in height for those who had milk, nor was there a difference in height gain between manual social class children according to the number of glasses of milk they drank a day at home or at school. We concluded that, given the standard of living at the time of the survey, the drinking of free school milk did not increase the growth rate of six- and seven-year-old children.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Haemoperfusion with R-004 Amberlite resin for treating acute poisoning.

Eleven patients who had taken overdoses of barbiturates, glutethimide, tricyclic antidepressants, and chloroquine were treated by resin haemoperfusion using an R-004 haemoperfusion cartridge containing XAD-4 resin. All but one patient showed rapid clinical recovery and the drugs were cleared rapidly from the plasma. There were few complications. Resin haemoperfusion is more effective than dialysis and other perfusion methods, especially in poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants. Although haemoperfusion is expensive, it greatly reduces the length of the patient's stay in an intensive care unit and hence is cost-effective.

Acute Disease↗