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Biomedical subjects

J Constans

Publications and source records attributed to J Constans.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Population structure and blood genetics of the Pacaás Novos Indians of Brazil.

Two communities of relatively recently contacted Brazilian Indians, the Pacaás Novos, have been studied in relation to several demographic parameters and 28 genetic systems. The age and sex distribution, fertility and mortality patterns were not very distinct in the two populations, but they differed markedly in relation to the mating, migration and genetic data (six of the 19 variable loci showed differences higher than 10%). This was interpreted as being the consequence of a fission event, one of the many that may periodically occur, sometimes followed by fusions, in populations at this cultural level. The Pacaás Novos also show some distinctive features when previous genetic studies of South American Indians are reviewed, eight alleles of the variable 19 (LMS, R2, R0, Se, Hp1, Gm1,2;21, Gc1F and PGM1(1)), presenting differences varying between 12%-34% from the average obtained considering these earlier investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum protein polymorphism among Tunisian Berbers: haptoglobin, transferrin and group-specific component subtypes, C3 and BF types.

The polymorphism of serum proteins (Hp, Tf, Gc, C3 and BF) was determined on 210 samples belonging to Berber groups living in three regions of Tunisian. The gene frequencies obtained among the Berbers are different from the the values observed among the other Tunisians. These frequencies differ also within the three-Berber communities. The data collected show that the actual Berber community is genetically heterogeneous. Despite the presence of some African admixture, the gene pool of the Berbers from Tunisia shows large homologies with Middle Eastern groups rather than similarities with North African populations.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum protein polymorphism in Bali (Indonesia).

Serum samples from Bali, obtained in three different ethnic groups and in one isolated village were tested by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis for Gc, Pi, Tf and Hp subtyping. In addition to the three common alleles Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2, two variants Gc1A1 and Gc1A8 were observed. In the Pi system, five alleles were present: PiM1, PiM2, PiM3, PiM4 and PiX. The Tf variability was exceptional with the presence of eight alleles: TfB1, TfC1, TfC2, TfC3, TfC4, TfC8, TfD1 and TfDchi. For Hp, there were two common alleles Hp1S and Hp1FS and two rare ones: Hp1F and Hp2SS. As expected, the genetic polymorphism is reduced in the isolated community. The anthropological significance of these genetic data is discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isoelectric focusing studies of transferrin and haptoglobin subtypes in an Australian white population.

This investigation presents the results of Hp and Tf subtyping of sera from 307 Australian whites by means of isoelectric focusing. Five Hp alleles were detected, these being Hp1F = 0.168, Hp1S = 0.235, Hp2FF = 0.003, Hp2FS = 0.561 and Hp2SS = 0.033. In the Tf system six alleles were found, TfC1 = 0.761, TfC2 = 0.176, TfC3 = 0.054, TfC6 = 0.002, TfB = 0.006 and TfD = 0.002. The usefulness of IEF together with modifications was highlighted for differentiating Tf and Hp subtypes; in particular, the absence of Hp2FF and Hp2SS in some earlier studies could be related to the technique used. The implication of the simultaneous presence of B and D transferrin variants in Caucasian populations is discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new cathodal Gc variant in Australia.

A new cathodal Gc variant and a known rare variant were found in a study of 307 Australian caucasian blood donors, each with a gene frequency of 0.28%. The frequencies of the other alleles were 0.161 (Gc1F), 0.557 (Gc1S) and 0.279 (Gc2), and were comparable with those of two earlier surveys.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum cholinesterase polymorphism in France: an epidemiological survey of the deficient alleles detected by an automated micro-method.

The polymorphism of the serum cholinesterase CHE 1 was determined using an automated micro-method. The procedure developed represents an improvement of the manual method and enabled us to study more than 2400 samples obtained in 15 different geographical areas in France. Four alleles were detected: CHE1* U, A, S and F. An exceptionally high frequency of an atypical variant (CHE1*A) was observed in the central part of France (Cevennes, Limousin and Dauphiné). The populations belonging to these areas are at particular risk in case of anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetical and epidemiological study of uricaemia in a Pyrenean population. (Region of Sault - Pyrérées audoises) (author's transl)].

Serum uric acid levels were determined in 229 individuals of Rodome and 127 individuals of Camurace, in the french Pyrénées. The difference of average levels between these two populations was found to be due very likely to different way of life. Intra-familial correlations suggest a greater importance of environmental than genetic factors on serum uric acid levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endoluminal angioplasty of the superior mesenteric artery in the treatment of intestinal angina].

The authors report about the case of a 69-year-old patient suffering from intestinal angina, in whom an endoluminal angioplasty of the superior mesenteric artery for a stenosis located 3 cm from the ostium allowed suppressing the symptoms. The published series of arterial angioplasty for gastrointestinal care are still rare, but they indicate that angioplasty may be an interesting alternative to or a complement to surgery for patients with intestinal angina.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CD8 hyperlymphocytosis in HIV infection. 63 cases. GECSA (Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine)].

A group of 63 patients infected by HIV and presenting with CD8 hyperlymphocytosis (CD8+) has been studied. CD8 hyperlymphocytosis was defined by the presence, during at least three months, of at least 1,500 CD8 circulating lymphocytes. The CD8+ patients (n = 63) were identified and followed within the cohort (1,444 patients) of the "Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine " (GECSA). CD8+ patients were compared with a control group of 126 HIV infected patients without CD8 hyperlymphocytosis recruited within the GECSA cohort and followed in the same manner during two years. The occurrence of opportunistic infections was less frequent in CD8+ patients. The proportion of patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200/mm3 was lower in the CD8+ group than in the CD8- group at inclusion and at the last check-up (P less than 0.01). A tendency for longer survival and delayed onset of AIDS was noted in CD8+ patients. Such a difference in prognosis might be due to a peculiar cytotoxic response against HIV among CD8+ patients. Further follow-up of a larger group of patients is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy of azidothymidine in thrombopenia associated with HIV infection].

We report an observation where a patient suffering HIV related thrombocytopenia was followed up for 23 months. Introduction or reintroduction of azidothymidine obtained a raise of platelet rate. When azidothymidine was stopped, platelet rate climbed down. This observation is in agreement with recent data suggesting efficiency of azidothymidine on HIV related thrombocytopenia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory manifestations of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in children. Clinical, biological and respiratory function study in 132 cases].

Clinical, biologic and respiratory functional data from 132 children with alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency were analysed. There were 52 girls and 80 boys. The phenotypes Pi were MZ in 72 cases, S in 32 cases, SZ in 6 cases, M null in 2 cases, S null in 1 case and other Pi in 19 cases. Mean serum AAT level was 147 +/- 40 mg/100 ml. Fifty-four children presented with upper respiratory tract infections, 61 with allergic respiratory symptoms and 5 with cystic fibrosis. Respiratory function tests showed minor abnormalities: decreased FEV1/VC (77%), increased Raw (218%), trapped gas was present (44%) and Vmax 25 (57%) decreased. Finally Technetium 99 lung perfusion scan was abnormal in 9 of 15 studied cases. It is suggested that AAT deficiency may predispose to developing chronic obstructive lung disease in childhood.

Adolescent↗