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Biomedical subjects

J Connelly

Publications and source records attributed to J Connelly.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Genetic screening of newborn in Australia. Results for 1981.

Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by the Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 3 017 703 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and fifty-one cases of PKU (0.83/10 000) and six cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) (0.02/10 000) have been detected. In 1981, 11 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in seven States, and 66 new cases were detected in 1981 (2.13/10 000). In Adelaide, 154 310 infants have been tested for galactosaemia and a total of seven cases have now been detected (0.45/10 000). In New South Wales, 35 955 infants have been tested for cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and 17 cases were found (4.73/10 000).

Australia↗
PubMed1982

Genetic screening of newborn in Australia: results for 1980.

Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 2779 790 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and forty cases of PKU (rate: 1/11 582) and six cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) (rate: 1/463 298) have been detected. In 1980, 18 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in six centres, and 40 new cases were detected in 1980.

Australia↗
PubMed1981

Genetic screening of newborn in Australia: results for 1979.

Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 2 556 498 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and twenty-two cases of PKU, and five cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) have been found over this period, an incidence of 1/11 516 for PKU, and 1/511 300 for MHPA. In 1979, 18 infants with PKU and one with MHPA were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in four centres, and 28 new cases were detected in 1979 (an incidence of 1/5746).

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Genetic screening of the newborn in Australia. Results for 1978.

Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s. 2 334 679 infants have been tested in Australia, and 208 cases of PKU detected (an incidence of 1/11 224). In 1978, 21 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for hypothyroidism was carried out in three States, and 29 cases of congenital hypothyroidism were detected in 1978 (an incidence of 1/5894).

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a model for classification of toxin-induced lesions using 1H NMR spectroscopy of urine combined with pattern recognition.

Pattern recognition approaches were developed and applied to the classification of 600 MHz 1H NMR spectra of urine from rats dosed with compounds that induced organ-specific damage in either the liver or kidney. Male rats were separated into groups (n = 5) and each treated with one of the following compounds; adriamycin, allyl alcohol, 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide, hexachlorobutadiene, hydrazine, lead acetate, mercury II chloride, puromycin aminonucleoside, sodium chromate, thioacetamide, 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or dose vehicle. Urine samples were collected over a 7 day time-course and analysed using 600 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. Each NMR spectrum was data-reduced to provide 256 intensity-related descriptors of the spectra. Data corresponding to the periods 8-24 h, 24-32 h and 32-56 h post-dose were first analysed using principal components analysis (PCA). In addition, samples obtained 120-144 h following the administration of adriamycin and puromycin were included in the analysis in order to compensate for the late onset of glomerular toxicity. Having established that toxin-related clustering behaviour could be detected in the first three principal components (PCs), three-quarters of the data were used to construct a soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) model. The remainder of the data were used as a test set of the model. Only three out of 61 samples in the test set were misclassified. Finally as a further test of the model, data from the 1H NMR spectra of urine from rats that had been treated with uranyl nitrate were used. Successful prediction of the toxicity type of the compound was achieved based on NMR urinalysis data confirming the robust nature of the derived model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Minocycline pigmentation of heart valves.

Minocycline, a derivative of tetracycline, is a broad spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative infections. Benitz et al. (1) were the first to report black discoloration of the thyroid gland in rats, dogs, and monkeys given minocycline. Since that time, there have been numerous reports in the literature describing minocycline related black pigmentation of the skin, thyroid gland, and other sites. We report an unusual case of minocycline induced pigmentation of the cardiac valves and coronary vessels. The pigment stained with Fontana-Masson and was reduced with bleaching. The exact nature of the pigment is unclear; however, various theories have been advocated. Ochronosis is another cause of black pigmentation of the heart valves; the clinical history should allow distinction between the two.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of the biochemical effects of 1-nitronaphthalene in rats using global metabolic profiling by NMR spectroscopy and pattern recognition.

Metabolic fingerprints, in the form of patterns of high-concentration endogenous metabolites, of 1-nitronaphthalene (NN)-induced lung toxicity have been elucidated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), urine, blood plasma, and intact lung and liver tissue using NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling. A single dose of NN (75 mg kg(-1)) was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats. BALF and lung tissue were obtained 24 h after dosing from these animals and matched control rats post-mortem. High-resolution (1)H-NMR spectroscopy of BALF samples indicated that NN caused increases in concentrations of choline, amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and alanine) and lactate together with decreased concentrations of succinate, citrate, creatine, creatinine and glucose. In addition, the intact lung weights were higher in the NN-treated group (p<0.01), consistent with pulmonary oedema. The NMR-detected perturbations indicated that NN induces a perturbation in energy metabolism in both lung and liver tissue, as well as surfactant production and osmolyte levels in the lungs. As well as reporting the first NMR spectroscopic combined examination of BALF and intact lung, this study indicates that such holistic approaches to investigating mechanisms of lung toxicity may be of value in evaluating disease progression or the effects of therapeutic intervention in pulmonary conditions such as surfactant disorders or asthma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of innovations in nursing practice: report and discussion.

AIM: To assess whether a pilot study conducted in the UK achieved its objective to reduce admissions to hospital and bed days in patients identified as suitable recipients of case management by community matrons. BACKGROUND: The Department of Health has advocated the use of nurse-led case management to improve the coordination of care and prevent inappropriate hospital admissions. METHOD: 66 patients and another 66 controls were identified for the 'Evercare' caseload according to criteria set by United Healthcare. Admissions data for the six months after entry into the study were collected from the hospital information system. FINDINGS: admission rates in both the control and intervention group decreased over time and there was no significant difference in rates between the two groups at six months. There was no demonstrable effect on length of stay either. Users were satisfied with the service and nurses cited several clinical stories implying benefits for individual patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taking added care.

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Disaster Planning↗