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Biomedical subjects

J Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to J Coleman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Quantitative analysis of portal tract infiltrate allows for accurate determination of hepatic allograft rejection.

Changes in the qualitative character of the portal tract infiltrate of hepatic allografts can influence the diagnosis of acute rejection. Since qualitative data rely on subjective findings, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis of portal tract infiltrates to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of acute rejection. A total of 431 serial hepatic biopsies in 58 consecutive adult patients were obtained. The average number of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in each portal tract were counted. The area of each portal tract was determined using an optical micrometer. Rejection was confirmed by an independent investigator using both clinical and histologic criteria. Using a backward stepwise logistic regression analysis, we found that eosinophils were the only variable predictive of rejection. Using this model, the probability of having rejection on a single biopsy can be determined with greater than 90% accuracy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of a population of transiently transfected quiescent and senescent cells by magnetic affinity cell sorting.

Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters were tested for activity in proliferating and nonproliferating (quiescent or senescent) human embryo fibroblasts. These promoters were cloned upstream of the coding sequence for the Tac subunit of the interleukin 2 receptor, and activity was calculated from the fraction of Tac antigen positive cells detected in a coupled transient transfection/magnetic affinity cell sorting assay. Differences in promoter activities are substantial in quiescent cells: the efficiency of the RSV promoter is no greater than background whereas the CMV promoter is equally active in serum concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20%. While both promoters are functional in growing cells (WI-38 and HeLa), the CMV promoter exhibits twofold greater activity. Surprisingly, in senescent cells both promoters exhibit the same degree of activity.

Avian Sarcoma Viruses↗
PubMed1991

Morphometric inflammatory cell analysis of human liver allograft biopsies.

To quantitate the inflammatory cell response within the portal tracts of liver allografts during acute rejection, we retrospectively and in a blinded fashion reviewed 431 biweekly, protocol, core allograft biopsies in 58 consecutive adult recipients. Following the determination of the cross-sectional area of each portal tract, the number of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes therein was tabulated. The average number, percentage, and density of each type of portal inflammatory cell were calculated for each biopsy. Each biopsy was prospectively and independently classified as either associated (REJ+) or not associated (REJ-) with acute rejection. Acute rejection consisted of simultaneous allograft dysfunction and qualitative pathologic findings of acute rejection. Biopsies obtained during periods of normal allograft function or during episodes of dysfunction due to other causes were classified as not associated with rejection (REJ-). Ninety biopsies were classified as associated with acute rejection (REJ+) while 241 biopsies were classified as not associated with acute rejection (REJ-). In general, the average portal-tract number, percentage, and density of all inflammatory cells were significantly increased in biopsies associated with acute rejection. In contrast, only the portal-tract eosinophil values were consistently predictive of acute rejection following receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis (sensitivity = 82-86%, specificity = 91-92%). This quantitative method of allograft assessment appears to improve the objectivity of the serial biopsy protocol. By using this method, we found the eosinophil's appearance within the portal tracts to be a dependable indicator of acute rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of exposure to high pressure on subsequent spatial learning and memory in rats.

The effects of high helium pressure on the subsequent acquisition of spatial memory were studied in male rats. Thirty-two rats were exposed to 65 ATA helium-oxygen pressure for 4.2 days, decompressed (total time in chamber 5 days), and then tested in an eight-arm radial maze. Thirty-two control rats were exposed in the chamber to 1 ATA air. Each rat had 20 sessions in the maze (2 sessions/day for 10 days), and the number of correct (visiting an arm not previously visited to obtain the reward pellet) and incorrect choices (visiting a previously visited arm) were recorded. Statistical analysis showed that the rats exposed to 65 ATA performed significantly better than 1-ATA controls during the first 8 of 20 sessions. This effect was most pronounced in sessions 5-8. Results for sessions 9-20 showed that the pressure-treated rats still made more correct choices but to an extent that did not always reach statistical significance. Possible explanations include the pressure-treated rats performing better because of hunger after a lower food consumption at pressure. Alternatively, pressure itself may enhance proposed mechanisms of spatial memory such as long-term potentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Correlations of temperament types, intensity of crisis at midlife with scores on a death scale.

331 subjects completed the Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter and Dickstein's Death Scale and responded to an intensity of midlife crisis probe. Using a Pearson product-moment coefficient, weak but significant correlations were found for the introvert-sensor-thinker-judger temperament type on the Think and Anxiety subscales and the Think subscale for introvert-sensor-thinker-judger (ISTJ) temperament type.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation and treatment of atlas burst fractures (Jefferson fractures).

Although several large series of atlas fractures have been reported recently, none has concentrated on the evaluation and treatment of atlas burst fractures (Jefferson fractures). The treatment of this fracture is challenging. Its diagnosis may easily be missed due to concerns about associated trauma and absence of neurological signs. In addition, the open-mouth anteroposterior x-ray study, which is usually pathognomonic for the diagnosis, is often inadequate or not obtained. In order to clarify the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, 17 cases of Jefferson fracture treated between 1982 and 1989 at the Louisiana State University Affiliated Hospitals are presented. The diagnosis was delayed in three patients because of a low index of suspicion and inadequate x-ray films. Four patients were noted to have unstable Jefferson fractures, all of these had an associated Type II odontoid fracture and were treated with occiput-C-2 wiring and fusion. The remainder of the patients had stable Jefferson fractures and were managed with Minerva jackets or rigid collar stabilization. No significant complications related to the treatment of the Jefferson fracture occurred in this series. One patient died from associated injuries; however, the remaining patients enjoyed an excellent long-term result with the acquisition of spinal stability and the resolution of subjective complaints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Eosinophil cationic protein's role in human hepatic allograft rejection.

Although it is known that eosinophils consistently infiltrate rejecting human liver allografts, their function is unknown. Infiltrating eosinophils can release a cytotoxic substance, eosinophil cationic protein. Furthermore, eosinophil cationic protein may be identified in biopsy specimens using immunoperoxidase staining of an eosinophil cationic protein-specific monoclonal antibody. To study a possible effector role of eosinophils in rejecting liver allografts, 38 serial allograft biopsy specimens from 12 patients with acute rejection, 54 biopsy specimens from 11 patients with allograft dysfunction caused by other causes and 22 biopsy specimens from 8 patients without allograft dysfunction were stained for extracellular eosinophil cationic protein. In addition, the absolute blood eosinophil counts and the portal tract eosinophil percent of the total number of portal tract inflammatory cells were tabulated in these patients until 30 days after transplantation. The blood absolute eosinophil count, portal tract eosinophil percent and incidence of positive extracellular eosinophil cationic protein staining were significantly increased in patients with rejection compared with patients with dysfunction from other causes (p less than 0.05 to 0.005, t test). Furthermore, each of these parameters predicted rejection with excellent sensitivity (75% to 92%) and specificity (91% to 100%). Of patients with rejection, 59% had significant elevation of all three parameters before or during rejection, and 92% had at least two parameters elevated. Conversely, of the patients with dysfunction from other causes, 0% had elevations of any parameter. The recognized cytotoxic properties of eosinophil cationic protein and its almost exclusive presence, along with eosinophils in the blood and allograft biopsy specimens of patients during acute rejection, support the role of the eosinophil as an effector cell in tissue injury during acute liver allograft rejection.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Fat absorption in premature infants: medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides are absorbed from formula at similar rates.

Fat absorption from two different premature infant formulas and one full-term formula containing three different fat blends was investigated in two groups of premature infants. The first group of nine infants (gestational age, 29.1 +/- 0.88 weeks; postnatal age, 3.13 +/- 0.71 weeks) was fed alternately for 1 week each SMA preterm formula containing either high levels (50%) of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) (6:0, 8:0, and 10:0) or high levels (86%) of long-chain triglycerides (LCT) (greater than or equal to C12). Except for fat blends, the formulas were otherwise identical. The second group of 11 infants (gestational age, 30.5 +/- 0.77 weeks, studied at a postnatal age of 4.33 +/- 0.91 weeks) was fed for 1 week a full-term infant formula, S-26, containing 98% LCT. Fat absorption (studied during a 3-day fat balance period) was similar irrespective of fat blend: 89.08 +/- 2.37% during feeding of preterm SMA, 50% MCT; 87.0 +/- 3.81% during feeding of preterm SMA, 86% LCT; and 83.00 +/- 2.89% during feeding of S-26, 98% LCT. Weight gain (grams per day) and increase in length (centimeters per day) were 23.2 +/- 1.7, 21.20 +/- 1.7, and 14.28 +/- 2.9, and 0.17 +/- 0.06, 0.16 +/- 0.04, and 0.22 +/- 0.07 during feeding of the three fat blends, respectively. Lipase activity levels in fasting gastric aspirates were higher during feeding of the LCT than the MCT formula. The possible stimulation of gastric lipase secretion secondary to long-chain fatty acid stimulation of cholecystokinin secretion might be related to the efficient digestion of formula fat, irrespective of triglyceride-fatty acid chain length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dietary Fats↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of Escherichia coli cells deficient in 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3- phosphate acyltransferase activity.

A mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 defective in 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase has been isolated. At the permissive temperature for growth, 30 degrees C, 20% of the total cellular glycerophospholipids is 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, as identified by mass spectral analysis and proton NMR. This percentage of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate rises to about 30% when the temperature of the culture is shifted to 42 degrees C. This increase is primarily at the expense of phosphatidylethanolamine. Extracts from cells harboring the plsC mutation have no detectable 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. The fatty acid composition of the accumulated 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate is about 60% cis-vaccenate and 40% palmitate, with no detectable amounts of palmitoleate or other fatty acids, consistent with the known fatty acid composition of the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids. The isolation of this gene, plsC, completes the list of genes known to be required for the synthesis of the major glycerophospholipids in E. coli.

1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase↗
PubMed1990

First look at 1990: expenses up, revenue fades.

Community hospitals face familiar challenges in the new decade: Prices, expenses, staffing, and overall utilization of hospital services increased in the first quarter of 1990. This, according to first-quarter 1990 data from the National Hospital Panel Survey conducted by the AHA.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

AHA: utilization declines; financial pressures moderate.

Data for the fourth quarter of 1989 did not hold any surprises. Performance indicators for community hospitals continue to follow the paths established in previous quarters. According to data from the American Hospital Association, utilization declined, hiring increased, and financial pressures eased slightly.

American Hospital Association↗
PubMed1990

Bacterial 'histone-like protein I' (HLP-I) is an outer membrane constituent?

The nucleoid-associated 'histone-like protein I' (HLP-I) protein of E. coli was found to be homologous with the cationic 16-kDa outer membrane protein OmpH of Salmonella typhimurium. Deduced from the nucleotide sequence, the HLP-I protein has 91% identical residues with the OmpH protein. Both proteins have very similar cleavable signal sequences. The nucleotide sequence similarity between the corresponding genes hlpA and ompH is 87%. The ompH gene is located in a gene cluster resembling the hlpA-ORF17 region of E. coli which is close to the Ipx genes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides. The localization of the OmpH/HLP-I protein in the cell is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Management of proximal cholangiocarcinomas by surgical resection and radiotherapy.

Ninety-six patients with proximal cholangiocarcinomas were managed surgically. Fifty-three patients (55 percent) were resected, 39 curatively (41 percent), and 43 (45 percent) underwent palliative stenting. The preoperative placement of Ring catheters and the operative use of silastic transhepatic biliary stents greatly facilitated the surgical management of these lesions. Sixty-three patients (66 percent) also received postoperative radiotherapy. Hospital mortality was 4 percent (four deaths). Hospital mortality was 2 percent after resection (1 of 53 patients) and 7 percent after palliative stenting (3 of 43 patients). All deaths resulted from sepsis. One, 3, 5, and 10-year survivals for the entire group were 49 percent, 12 percent, 5 percent, and 2 percent, respectively. One, 3, 5, and 10-year survivals in the resected group (66 percent, 21 percent, 8 percent, and 4 percent, respectively) were superior to those in the stented group (27 percent, 6 percent, 0 percent, and 0 percent, respectively). Radiotherapy appeared to significantly extend survival in those patients undergoing palliative stenting, but not in those undergoing resection. We conclude that surgical resection of proximal cholangiocarcinomas can be performed safely and that it significantly prolongs survival. Further improvement in long-term survival will depend on advances in adjuvant therapy.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1990

Preoperative assessment of malignant hepatic tumors.

Over a 31-month period, 100 patients with malignant hepatic tumors were preoperatively evaluated with three imaging techniques. The results of intravenously enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, selective hepatic arterial contrast CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared with operative findings. A total of 227 lesions were identified, with the sensitivity for tumor detection being arteriographically enhanced CT 94% (p less than 0.01), MRI 70%, and CT 66%. This advantage for arteriographically enhanced CT was most marked for lesions less than 1 cm in diameter (82% versus 20% for MRI and 5% for CT; p less than 0.01). Arteriographically enhanced CT was also most sensitive in assessing tumor margins. MRI was clearly superior to arteriographically enhanced CT or CT in detecting vascular involvement (85% versus 30% and 8%, respectively; p less than 0.01). No imaging technique was sensitive in determining extrahepatic involvement. Arteriographically enhanced CT was also best at predicting the operative procedure. The combination of arteriographically enhanced CT and MRI was the best predictor of true disease. We conclude that both arteriographically enhanced CT and MRI should be used for preoperative assessment of hepatic malignancies.

Adolescent↗