[Production of monoclonal antibodies against bovine rotavirus].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Cohen
Publications and source records attributed to J Cohen.
Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia: reliabilities and agreement between systems.
We compared the joint frequencies and reliabilities of the following sets of criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia: the New Haven Schizophrenia Index: the Carpenter, Strauss, Bartko (4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-item) system; DSM-III; Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC; full and chronic); the Feighner system; and the 1975 criteria of Taylor and Abrams. The systems, of essentially equal reliability, varied sevenfold in their rates of diagnosing schizophrenia. Patients in whom schizophrenia was diagnosed by the lower-rate systems were likely to receive the same diagnosis by the higher-rate systems. This tends not to be the cases when an affective syndrome is present.
Adult↗
Aortic regurgitation first appearing 12 years after successful septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Substantial aortic regurgitation developed in a patient with hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy (HCM) who underwent septal myectomy. It was first noted 12 years after surgery. There was no evidence for surgical damage to the valve, subacute bacterial endocarditis, coexisting discrete subaortic stenosis or any other known etiology of aortic incompetence. This experience suggests that aortic regurgitation occasionally may be a late mode of deterioration in surgically treated patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Possible mechanisms for the development of aortic incompetence in such patients are discussed.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
Agraphesthesia. A disorder of directional cutaneous kinesthesia or a disorientation in cutaneous space.
Tests for graphesthesia and for directional cutaneous kinesthesia (DCK) were performed on a large series of neurological patients and normal subjects, in addition to the standard tests for discriminative sensation. Defects in graphesthesia and DCK were found with lesions at all levels of the nervous system. Graphesthesia was more often and more severely affected than DCK. These functions when impaired were always associated with other sensory defects (directional joint kinesthesia, two-point discrimination, etc.) in different combinations. It appears DCK is probably the basis for graphesthesia. Recent experimental studies have provided an anatomic and physiologic basis for DCK and for graphesthesia. These studies have also discredited wide-held beliefs on the transmission of discriminative sensation through the spinal cord. In this light, the history of ideas about sensation and its mediation is reviewed, and it is concluded that DCK alone deserves to be called a "posterior column function". Graphesthesia and DCK are discussed as kinesthetic functions implying orientation in cutaneous sensory space. These are compared to stereognosis and braille reading, which are complex derived functions depending also on motion, but directed towards recognition in external haptic space. Graphesthesia and DCK should both be considered as distinct forms of somatic sensibility which are valuable adjuncts to the clinical sensory examination.
Brain↗
Retinal amacrine cell system tyrosine hydroxylase: the development of responsiveness to light and neuroleptic drugs.
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) of rat retina exists in 2 states: an activated state in the light and a basal state in the dark. In the activated state the affinity of the enzyme for the pteridine cofactor is increased. Under usual laboratory lighting conditions (12 h light--dark cycle) retinal enzyme activity of the neonate begins to appear at about 11 days of age. Enzyme activity increases in response to light at about 20 days and is fully responsive to light at 25 days. If the rats are kept in total darkness instead of normal lighting the full response of the amacrine cell system to light is delayed until about 40 days of age. The administration of neuroleptic drugs results in the activation of TH in the dark. We found that the amacrine cell system responds to neuroleptic drugs before it responds to light in animals maintained in the dark from birth.
Animals↗
Effect of pH and other conditions on immunosorbent electron microscopy of several plant viruses.
The efficiency of trapping, using immunosorbent electron microscopy, of particles of cucumber mosaic virus, lily symptomless virus, potato virus Y, and carnation mottle virus, depended markedly on the pH of the virus extract. Varying the pH of the serum had a smaller, though still significant effect. with potato virus Y, the optimal pH of the virus extract varied with the host plant. It appears that for each virus and host a specific testing procedure is required to find the optimal trapping conditions.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
In vitro fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa with the use of zona-free hamster ova: interassay variation and prognostic value.
The average fertilization percentage, with the use of zona-free hamster ova, of a donor group was 54% (range 11% to 100%). Nineteen sperm suspensions (24%) from a group of 79 infertile patients with semen abnormalities and 23 from a second group of 43 patients (54%) whose partner showed evidence of reproductive dysfunction, fertilized as well as spermatozoa from fertile donors. The interassay variation of the fertilization rates was found to be less than 20%. Spermatozoa from 10 patients with normal semen characteristics failed to penetrate. Six spontaneous conceptions were reported in the first group. Sperm from four of these patients had low fertilization percentages. This indicates that fertility prognosis cannot be made on the basis of a low in vitro fertilization percentage only. The fertilization rate negatively correlated with the duration of infertility. No positive assays were found after 6 years of infertility.
Animals↗
Effects of purification or split ejaculation of semen and stimulation of spermatozoa by caffeine on their motility and fertilizing ability with the use of zona-free hamster ova.
Purification of semen with Sephadex G-50 medium powder or bovine serum albumin (BSA) (20% in medium) columns increases the percentage of motility. Spermatozoa that passed a BSA column or a Sephadex column have significantly higher velocity than unmanipulated spermatozoa. Caffeine (7 mM) stimulation did not show any effect on motility. Neither purification procedures nor stimulation with caffeine improved the in vitro fertilization capacity of capacitated spermatozoa, as determined by interaction with zona-free hamster ova. No difference in in vitro fertilizing capacity could be demonstrated between the first and the last fractions of split ejaculates. After grouping the fractions according to sperm counts, fractions with higher total (motile) sperm counts, and fractions with higher sperm counts had significantly higher fertilization percentages than the fractions with lower (motile) sperm counts.
Animals↗
N-Acetylprocainamide kinetics and clinical response during repeated dosing.
Kinetics of and clinical responses to N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) were evaluated in 10 patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias who had not responded to usual doses of currently available antiarrhythmic drugs. Kinetic data analysis was by measured NAPA concentrations (n = 149) collected during repeated dosing. Response was evaluated with serial 24-hr ambulatory ECGs. An a priori kinetic model based on earlier studies predicted NAPA concentrations well (r = 0.94, SEE = 3.6 mg/l). The capability for defining patient-specific estimates for drug disposition with six or seven serum concentrations measured at the outset of therapy was subsequently confirmed with larger data sets from the same patients. Mean values for elimination rate (0.082 hr -1 +/- 0.017) and volume of distribution (1.25 l/kg +/- 0.28) were of the same order as in earlier single-dose studies. A substantial degree of interpatient and intrapatient variability in the absorption rate for NAPA was observed. NAPA was not found to be clinically effective in any of the 10 patients, although two patients demonstrated a greater than 70% reduction in frequency of premature ventricular contractions. There were adverse effects in all patients, which frequently required dose reduction or cessation of therapy. In this group of patients with resistant arrhythmias, NAPA was no more effective than baseline therapy, and adverse effects often limited complete evaluation. The kinetic analysis demonstrated the feasibility of a strategy for developing patient-specific kinetic models that may have applications to other antiarrhythmic drugs.
Acecainide↗
Acculturation and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii.
A cohort of 4653 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii, with traditional Japanese social and cultural lifestyles, were studied for the association of the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease (Honolulu Heart Program, 1971-1979). Two of four scales of acculturation were significantly associated with coronary heart disease prevalence independently of 11 other risk factors, but none of the acculturation scales were associated with incidence appeared to be mostly due to the inclusion of fatal cases in the incidence data, although other explanations are possible. Measures of acculturation were also significantly associated wih many of the other coronary heart disease risk factors in such a way that the more traditional Japanese men had lower serum cholesterol and uric acid, were less obese, more physically active, and smoked fewer cigarettes than the more westernized men. A comparison of bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that some of acculturation scales were indirectly associated with coronary heart disease because of the confounding association with the other risk factors.
Acculturation↗
A selected review of retinal research and study.
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Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
Fertilization of hamster ova by human spermatozoa in relation to other semen parameters.
Different indices of the zona-free hamster ovum test system were interrelated. High correlations were found between the fertilization percentage and the average number of penetrated spermatozoa/ovum (r = 0.99) and between the fertilization percentage and the number of spermatozoa attached to the ova surfaces (r = 0.72). Fertilization percentages from 63 subfertile patients were correlated with different semen factors assessed by multiple exposure photography (MEP). Low correlations were found between sperm concentration and fertilization percentage (r = 0.29) and between fertilization percentage and motile sperm count (r = 0.33). Spermatozoa progressing with high average velocity had low fertilization rates compared to specimen with moderate average velocity. Effects of sperm washing on the in vitro fertilizing capacity were studied in a group of 40 subfertile men. The fertilization percentages of 8 specimens--with visual seminal plasma abnormalities--increased significantly when immediate dilution of semen was applied.
Animals↗
Purification and characterization of bovine rotavirus cores.
Using the chaotropic effect generated by a high concentration of CaCl2, we converted calf rotavirus particles into cores of 40 nm in diameter. These cores were purified by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients and by isopycnic gradients. They had a sedimentation coefficient of 280S +/- 20S and a density of 1.44 g/ml in CsCl. When analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, they contained three polypeptides (VP125, VP89, and VP78). The major internal polypeptide of the virion (VP39) was recovered in a purified and soluble form in the top fractions of the sucrose gradients. From this stepwise degradation, it appears that VP39 is the most external polypeptide of dense particles. In contrast to reovirus cores, calf rotavirus cores did not exhibit transcriptase activity. Purified VP39 also did not exhibit transcriptase activity when tested after being mixed with purified rotavirus genome RNA as a template. Transcriptase activity was partially recovered when ionic conditions were adjusted to permit the reassociation of VP39 with the cores.
Animals↗
Effects of testosterone metabolites and estrogen in the midbrain control of courtship behavior in the male ring dove (Streptopelia risoria).
Relative effectiveness of testosterone (T) and its metabolites in the midbrain to induce courtship behavior was investigated in male ring doves. T, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT), 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol-17 beta (E), or cholesterol was implanted in or around the nucleus intercollicularis region (ICo) of the castrated male. Resulting courtship behavior was observed by pairing the treated males with stimulus females. T, 5 alpha-DHT and E activated nest-cooling behavior pattern when placed in the ICo region only. Other male courtship behaviors were not induced, induced in each brain region tested or induced by all the hormones. Hormone diffusions from the implant did not appear to be responsible for these results since many implants within 1 mm of the ICo region failed to activate nest-cooling. These data support the idea that the midbrain along with the hypothalamic region mediate male courtship behavior.
Androgens↗
Polyarteritis nodosa with bilateral ureteric involvement.
Renal insufficiency in necrotizing vasculitis is usually the result of parenchymal damage. A case of polyarteritis nodosa presenting obstructive nephropathy with bilateral ureteric stenosis is reported. The role of the concurrent crescentic glomerulonephritis in the mechanism of renal failure is discussed.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
In-vitro fertilization in the mouse and the relevance of different sperm/egg concentrations and volumes.
The sperm:egg ration and sperm concentration were varied separately by using different volumes (1--100 microliters) and egg numbers (1--15). The % fertilization was determined by sperm concentration in large volumes (10--100 microliters). In small volumes (1 or 5 microliters) the number of spermatozoa/egg determined penetration rate: the effective epididymal sperm number/fertilization was 250--350. Spermatozoa obtained from the oviducts (i.e. naturally selected) gave good fertilization responses and low concentrations of epididymal spermatozoa were also more effective when oviducal fluid and cumulus cells were included in the inseminating volume. We conclude that sperm/egg collision rate is the most important factor determining % fertilization, although heterogeneity of epididymal spermatozoa limits fertilization rate at low sperm:egg ratios.
Animals↗
60 years of medical activities in the Jezreel Valley. From the Archives of Central Emek Hospital in Afula.
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History, Modern 1601-↗