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Biomedical subjects

J Clot

Publications and source records attributed to J Clot.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[The cell populations of the lower lung and their response to stress. Interrelations between cells and secretions of inflammation mediators in the distal air spaces].

Broncho-alveolar cells (BAC) act as defence means in the lower respiratory tract and acinus; equally they determine the evolution of inflammatory phenomena, whatsoever its cause. Alveolar macrophages (AM) play an important role in the regulation of the immune response and presentation of antigen to lymphocytes. In the alveolar microclimate AM exert a suppressor effect. AM can be equally considered as true inflammatory cells, either through their own mediators or through the skewed pattern of cellular recruitment. Among these cells polymorphonuclear cells and eosinophils, present in small numbers in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) may be encountered in a number of pathological conditions. Finally, free mast cells probably play an important role in the induction of the inflammatory reaction in the distal air spaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Assay of rheumatoid factor by laser nephelometry. A study of 1,000 sera].

The detection and assay of Rheumatoid Factor (RF) are possible using laser nephelometry as the reaction between circulating RF and aggregated human IgG results in the formation of soluble immune complexes which scatter the light emitted by the laser. The use of this new method in 1,000 sera shows that this test is more sensitive, positive earlier and more reproducible than the usual reactions of passive agglutination. Its complete automation makes it very rapid and very reliable.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

[Chronic insulin urticaria. Therapeutic efficacy and good tolerability of human insulins].

A case of type III (Arthus') hypersensitivity to insulin which occurred several years after insulin treatment was instituted is described. Its persistence even with highly purified insulins of bovine or porcine origin was suggestive of a direct reaction against insulin itself. The patient had no history of allergy and, contrary to most similar cases published, had not received intermittent insulin therapy. Using stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis, the authors were able to demonstrate the presence of specific antigen-mediated hypersensitivity to all insulins tested, including human insulins. The circulating immune complexes did not appear to be pathogenic, since the patient only had minimal retinopathy after 22 years of insulin-dependent diabetes. Human insulin was tolerated and proved effective in controlling both blood glucose levels and skin rashes in response to conventional insulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunomodulating effect of human placenta-eluted gamma globulins in rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients who had active and severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with human placenta-eluted gamma globulins (PEGG) composed of purified IgG eluted from trophoblastic cells. A control group of RA patients received retroplacental gamma globulins with no clinical effects. Seven of eleven treatments with PEGG showed good (4 patients) or very good (3 patients) clinical results. All patients had immunologic modifications demonstrated by a significant increase in active E-rosette-forming cells and mitogen responsiveness. The precise mechanism of immunomodulating effect of PEGG should be further investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Somatostatin treatment of psoriasis.

Somatostatin treatment was administered to 20 psoriatic patients according to the following protocol: Continuous infusion (250 micrograms/h) for at least 2 days followed either by short infusions (1 h) at 8 A.M. and 8 P.M. (12 cases) or by repeating the initial 2-day infusion (eight patients). Before treatment (day 0) and on day 6, biopsy specimens were taken for routine examination (12 patients) and for ultrastructure (seven patients). In vitro immunological studies were carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes (six patients) on day 0 and day 8. In two patients, somatostatin was stopped because of serious side effects. Thus, clinical results were evaluated in 18 patients, on day 30. In ten of them no improvement whatsoever occurred, two had a partial clearing and an almost complete remission was achieved in six others. Ultrastructural studies showed, on day 6, enlargement of the intercellular spaces with deposits of granular material of glucidic composition, associated with features of cellular damage. Percentages of T and B cells were unmodified but a significant depression of mitogenic stimulation by PHA and ConA was clearly observed on day 8. Even if somatostatin treatment may have a beneficial effect in some patients it seems much less valid than other well-known therapies for psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunological aspects of psoriasis: V. T. cell subsets and suppressor cell functions regulating immune responses in peripheral blood.

T cell subsets bearing Fc-receptors for either IgG (TG) or IgM (TM), and suppressor cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on in vitro lymphoproliferative responses were studied in patients with untreated psoriasis. The proportions of TG and TM cells were unmodified in 15 patients compared to 15 control subjects studied in parallel experiments. The concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity, as well as the spontaneous suppressor cell function of in vitro short-lived adherent cells, were in the normal range for 7 out of 8 psoriatic patients investigated. The data argue against the possibility that a generalized suppressor cell defect occurs in psoriasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

beta 2-Microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin-binding proteins in inflammatory diseases.

Beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) is a 11,800 daltons polypeptide non covalently associated with the heavy chain of class I histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, B and C) at the surface of nearly all cells. Serum beta 2m levels are passively controlled by the glomerular filtration rate. Increased beta 2m production resulting in elevated serum levels despite normal renal function have been reported in malignancies of the lymphoreticular system (e.g. multiple myeloma) and in various autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. In some situations beta 2m levels were shown to be positively correlated with absolute lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood or with the score of mononuclear cell infiltrates in biopsy specimens. Together with the demonstration that activated T lymphocytes release beta 2m in culture, these data support the hypothesis that increased production of beta 2m in vivo could represent a non specific indication of lymphocyte activation. Follow-up studies of individual patients are needed to define the clinical situations in which beta 2m determination may improve the immunological monitoring, with special reference to the early diagnosis of relapses and the assessment of individual response to treatment.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

Lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavages of patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are two granulomatous pulmonary diseases, the former of unknown cause and the latter with known etiology. To compare these diseases, we practiced bronchoalveolar lavage on 16 patients with sarcoidosis, 6 with HP, 10 healthy nonsmokers, and 10 smokers with chronic bronchitis. Lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated by four membrane markers: (1) The total cell count was very high in patients with HP compared with those with sarcoidosis and with healthy subjects. (2) The proportion of lymphocytes was higher in patients with HP than in those with sarcoidosis (P less than 0.02) and also higher in patients with sarcoidosis than in healthy subjects (P less than 0.001). (3) There were only a small number of B cells and of Fc-receptor bearing cells. (4) The lymphocytes identified by our techniques were mainly T cells in sarcoidosis and HP (68.4 +/- 3.5 percent and 76.8 +/- 3.6 percent, respectively), but the proportion of "active" E-rosette-forming cells was higher in sarcoidosis than in HP (28.1 +/- 2.5 percent vs 9.8 +/- 1.5 percent) and higher in patients with HP than in healthy subjects. These studies suggest that: (1) these two granulomatoses may be differentiated by this method, which might also be used for other pulmonary angiitis and granulomas; (2) cell-mediated immune phenomena play a major role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and conversely the finding of low active E-rosette proportions in HP limits the role of delayed-type hypersensitivity; and (3) the exact role of immunologic activation of bronchopulmonary macrophages, "presenting" antigen to T cells, for instance, must be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Circulating immune complexes in skin disease patients. Study and literature data (author's transl)].

Circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) were investigated in 244 patients with various skin diseases and 100 healthy subjects. C.I.C. were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, firstly proposed by Digeon et al. using the precipitation by polyethylene glycol (PEG 3,5 p. 100) and the determination by laser nephelometry of complement component C4 in sera and in precipitates. The percentage of C4 precipitated and of positive subjects were significantly increased in numerous cutaneous diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and lichen planus. Two cases of dermatomyositis, 3 cases of post herpetic erythema multiformis and 2 cases of Kaposi-Juliusberg syndroma were also positives but no definite conclusion can be given because of the few patients tested. On the contrary, the values of precipitated C4 are normal in most cases of atopic dermatitis (the method does not detect IgE-C.I.C.) scabies, porphyria cutanea tarda, cutaneous epithelioma and discoid lupus. In chronic urticaria and in mycosis fongoides the mean values of precipitated C4 are significantly increased but the number of positive subjects is low and the significance of these results is uncertain because of the wide range of the values. The results of the present study are compared with the literature data. The value of C.I.C. determination in determining the evolutivity of skin diseases and their possible role in pathogenesis are discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

Immunological aspects of psoriasis. IV. Presence of circulating immune complexes in patients before and after PUVA therapy; correlations with T-cell markers.

We investigated sixteen patients before and after 1 month of PUVA therapy (three times a week) for circulating immune complexes (CIC) and T-cell markers. CIC were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, using a laser nephelometry determination of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 3.5%) precipitated endogenous C4. T cells were evaluated by E rosettes, active E rosettes, anti-HTLA serum and ox EA gamma-rosettes. This latter method investigated mainly T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (Tgamma-cells). After 1 month of PUVA-therapy: (a) the cutaneous lesions markedly improved; (b) the mean percentages of E rosettes, active E rosettes, and HTLA bearing cells, depressed before treatment, returned to normal; (c) CIC were found in higher amounts; (d) T gamma-cell numbers decreased simultaneously. The improvement of T-cell levels assessed by E rosettes, active E rosettes and HTLA values was correlated with clearing of skin lesions, as previously reported by others. However, the increase of CIC during PUVA therapy, their correlation with T gamma-cell decrease, and their possible role in the pathogenic chain of psoriasis remains uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Cellular immunity during ankylosing spondylitis].

A study of cell immunity was carried out in 23 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 17 HLA B27 +, 6 HLA B27 --, 5 donors of normal blood carrying HLA B27 antigen and 50 controls, 7 methods were used together for a study of the markers of the blood lymphocyte membranes: rosette E, rapid rosette E, anti HTLA + X, surface immunoglobulins, PEA gamma and BEA gamma rosettes, determination of the monocytes after peroxidase staining. Stimulation of lymphocytes with mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM) were carried out. There exists an increase in blood lymphocytes carrying HTLA + X in patients with ankylosing spondylitis HLA B27 and also in healthy carriers of the same antigen. During ankylosing spondylitis with HLA B27 --, a statistically significant reduction in T lymphocytes forming E and E rapid rosettes was observed; finally, a rise in the levels of circulating immune complexes detected by the PEG --C4 method was noted. The significance of these facts is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Immunological abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (author's transl)].

The humoral immunological abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (AD) are mainly represented by the increase of IgE. But high IgE levels are inconstant and non specific for AD. They may remain elevated during remission and their role in the pathogenesis is unclear. The origin of the stimulation of IgE-producing B lymphocytes could be a transcient deficiency of IgA in newborns or a defect of the T cell control. A defect of cell-mediated immunity has been clearly demonstrated by numerous in vitro studies indicating low percentages of E rosettes and low stimulation by mitogens. This defect could be a T suppressor cell defect. The correlations of these immunological abnormalities with the Sczentivanyi's theory as well as the role of immuno-pharmacological disturbances in the clinical picture and the possible new treatments of AD are discussed.

Antibody Formation↗