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Biomedical subjects

J Chylak

Publications and source records attributed to J Chylak.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Typing of methicillin resistant strains of S. haemolyticus isolated from patients and from the hospital ward environment].

Biotyping, antibiograms and fingerprinting were used to determine the relation of 16 methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus isolated from drains in patients who underwent intraabdominal surgery to 9 methicillin-resistant strains of S. haemolyticus isolated at the same time from hospital environment. The comparison of biochemical properties of the examined strains showed a large variety of biochemical profiles as well as antibiotic patterns of susceptibility. The differences in sensitivity to the antibiotics used were not distinct. Biotyping and antibiograms did not permit determination of the relation of the investigated strains. Only the results of fingerprinting allowed for the division of the 25 examined strains into three genotypes demonstrating three main patterns of PCR products. 16 strains of 25 showed the same pattern of PCR products. This results suggests the presence of a source of infection on the clinical ward. A nurse may have been the source of infection because the same genotype of S. haemolyticus was isolated from her nasal anterior as from the majority of patients.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1999

[Peritonitis determined by the site of intra-abdominal surgery].

The aim of this study was to determine bacterial flora infecting the peritoneal cavity during intraabdominal surgery by site of operation. Three groups of patients were examined. 29 patients who underwent surgery on the stomach, duodenum, biliary tract or pancreas, 15 patients operated on because of acute appendicitis and 63 patients operated on because of colon or rectum tumours. At the end of the operation but before closure cultures were obtained by swab from the completed anastomosis site. Samples were placed into transport medium and transported promptly to the laboratory. The results of the bacteriological examinations showed that the peritoneal cavity of all patients operated on were infected with bacteria characteristic for the digestive tract, especially by Enterobacteriaceae spp., Enterococcus spp. and Bacteroides spp. From patients operated on because of rectum or colon tumours 3 or 4 bacterial species were isolated most often and they were often infected with P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. This was in contrast to patients from the other groups. In patients infected with polymicrobial flora, B. fragilis and E. coli or enterococci and E. coli and enterococci were most often seen.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora colonizing drains after surgical abdominal incisions].

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of post-operative incisions with drainage were examined. From each of 28 patients three specimens were taken; during operation (smear from peritoneal cavity), liquid from drain (taken at 3-th day after operation) and smear from drain taken at the end of drainage. Enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae spp. and anaerobes, especially Bacteroides spp. were most often isolated from specimens taken during operation. Enterococci and coagulase negative Staphylococci-often resistant to methicillin, were most often isolated from specimens taken at the end of drainage.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of bacterial flora in patients after intraabdominal surgical procedures throughout a 12 year period].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyse the composition of the bacterial flora in 295 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our clinic throughout the period of 12 years. 448 specimens were bacteriologically examined. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 390 (87.1%). Among aerobic bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis was the most often isolated (35.6% - from the peritoneum, 17.8% from the wound). Among anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis - 44.9% were the most often isolated. 530 aerobic bacterial strains from Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and the nonfermentable rods were carefully analysed. Special attention was paid to the development of the resistance to 3 antibiotics (cefoperazone, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin) in 3 time periods: from 1984 to 1987, from 1988 to 1992 and from 1993 to 1996. Resistance of the bacterial strains to cefoperazone was 38.7% in the first time period; 39.5% in the second; and later increased to 53.8%. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was identical in the first two periods - 10.3%; and subsequently, it increased to 22.6%. The increase of resistance to gentamycin was the most significant--it went up from 24.5% to 44.8 and then dropped to 40.3%. CONCLUSION: Constant monitoring of the bacterial flora enables rational antibiotic application, which is essential due to the observed increase of bacteria strain resistance.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

[The study of drug resistance in aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora to selected antibacterial drugs].

The aim of the study to determine the resistance to certain antibacterial drugs of the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora isolated from patients operated on for acute abdominal infections. The resistance was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Among the isolated aerobes Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp. Staphylococcus spp were most frequent, and in the group of anaerobes the most frequent were Bacteroides spp, Peptostreptococcus spp and Peptococcus spp. The sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and cefoperazone was tested in 492 aerobic strains, and the sensitivity of cefuroxime was tested in 387 strains. In the group of anaerobes the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone was tested in 239 strains, and in 187 and 176 strains the sensitivity to cefuroxime and metronidazole respectively was tested. Only 94 aerobic strains and 32 anaerobic strains were additionally tested for augmentin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem, clindamycin and doxycycline. Imipenem was found to be the most active drug against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Clindamycin showed a very high activity against anaerobes but was significantly less active against aerobes. Only a small proportion of the tested aerobic strain (11.2%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while most anaerobic strains (66.5) were resistant to this antibiotic. Metronidazole was active against about 100% of anaerobes. Augmentin had a high activity against gram-positive cocci and was less active against gram-negative rods and anaerobes. A high proportion of aerobic and anaerobic strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and doxycycline. Gentamicin showed a sufficient activity against the tested aerobic strains (33.9% were resistant).

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

[Properties of S. aureus and H. influenzae strains residing in the throats of children].

Strains of S. aureus and H. influenzae which were isolated from the throats of 41 children suffering from successive acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis were compared. All strains which were isolated at least twice, during acute occurrences, or more from the throat of each child, were traced by: phago-typing, biochemical properties, antibiogram and ability to produce beta-lactamases (S. aureus), or by: biotyping, serotyping, ability to produce beta-lactamases and antibiogram (H. influenzae). Based on these investigations it was concluded that the bacterial strains among the examined children had often changed. It was concluded that only a few children were a carriers of the same strain of S. aureus.

Child↗
PubMed1995

[Haemophilus isolates in children suffering from chronic upper respiratory tract infections].

For a three year period, between 1992 and 1994, 271 isolates of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae were examined using biochemical tests, beta-lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. H. influenzae was examined by serological typing using polyvalent and monovalent sera a-f (Difco), as well. The strains were derived from children who were treated because of chronic pharyngitis. Sensitivity tests to Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Cefradine, Ampicillin, Doxycycline, Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Co-Trimoxazole, were performed with a standard disk-diffusion method. Biotyping was performed using API NH set (bioMerieux) and the ability to produce beta-lactamase was measured using iodometric method. Of 157 H. influenzae, 58 (36.9%) were typeable with H. influenzae antisera. The most common biotypes of these strains were I and II although biotypes III-VII were presented, as well. Of 114 H. parainfluenzae most of the strains showed the biotypes I and II. Its worth noting that 14% of H. influenzae and 15.8% of H. parainfluenzae strains were capable of beta-lactamase production. The strains of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae were most resistant to Cefradine and Co-Trimoxazole, respectively.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1995

[Potential pathogenic throat bacterial flora in acute successive pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children].

The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of occurrence of S. aureus, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae spp. and nonfermenting rods in a group of children suffering from acute successive pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Specimens were taken during three acute occurrences and twice after treatment from first and second acute occurrences. S. aureus was isolated from the throats of 55.1%-62% of the sick children. H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae were isolated from about 22% to over 40% of the sick children, beta-haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 10.3%-16.2% of the sick children and Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated from the throats of 6.1%-16.25% of the sick children. Nonfermenting rods were isolated from only one sick child. Two or more possible bacterial pathogens were isolated from several sick children. Among them S. aureus with H. influenzae or with H. parainfluenzae or with beta-haemolytic streptococci were most often isolated. After treatment of these children, S. aureus, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae were more rarely isolated from the throat, and beta-haemolytic streptococci or Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated occasionally. Similarly, after treatment mixed potentially pathogenic bacterial flora were more rarely seen.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

[Characterization of bacteriophage nontypable patterns of S. aureus strains].

Out of 195 strains of S. aureus isolated from in and outpatients. 43 were proven not to be lysed by the chosen set of bacteriophages. Of these nontypeable strains 14 were isolated from blood cultures and septic wounds of patients from Poznań University Hospital. 29 strains were derived from the anterior nares or throat swabs of outpatients, who were treated for chronic pharyngitis in the children's clinic in Poznań. S. aureus was identified using standard bacteriological method. Sensitivity tests to antibiotics were performed using the ATB computer system (bioMérieux). Beta lactamase production was examined using the iodometric method. The intracellular esterases of S. aureus were separated by polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis and stained with Fast Blue using alpha-naphtyhl acetate, beta-naphthyl propionate and indoxyl acetate as substrates. A much higher percentage of S. aureus strains isolated from specimens obtained from the hospital patients showed the ability to produce beta-lactamase than the strains cultured from outpatients. The esterase patterns of S. aureus are helpful in differentiating bacteriophage nontypeable strains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in acute abdominal illnesses].

366 specinmens taken from patients suffering from acute abdominal illnesses who had undergone operations were examined. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 318 specimens. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 53.8% specimens. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 12.6% specimens. Mixed bacterial flora were isolated from 33.6% specimens. Among aerobic bacteria E. coli and Streptococcus faecalis were most often isolated. Among anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus spp. and Peptococcus spp. were most often seen.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

[Use of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole in prophylaxis of surgical wound infection in surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer].

The purpose of the work was determination of bacterial flora in laryngeal malignant tissue and postoperative scar in patients who were prophylactically given 2 x 200 mg ciprofloxacine intravenously and 1.5 mg metronidazole for five days starting on the day of the operation. Laryngeal cancer specimens from 55 patients and swabs from postoperative scar from 30 patients were investigated bacteriologically. In the cultures from the malignant tissue and scar numerous micro-organisms were obtained which could be the cause of surgical wound infection. In the cultures from the scar the frequency of isolation of enterococci and Streptococcus viridans was found to be decreased while the frequency of staphylococci and Streptococcus haemolyticys isolation was increased. Despite the presence of pathogens, in none case clinical manifestations of wound infection were observed.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1994

[Bacterial flora of recurrent acute inflammation of upper respiratory tract infections in children].

A group of children aged 3-13 years with recurrent inflammation of upper respiratory tract was investigated. In every child testing was performed five times (at the beginning of the disease, after successful treatment, after next illness episode, after treatment and at third consecutive attack of the disease). Among typical pathogenic flora strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae and S. pyogenes were isolated. Carriage was present only in case of S. aureus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Etiologic factors in acute inflammatory states of the abdominal cavity].

Three hundred and two samples of biological material from patients operated because of acute inflammatory states of abdominal cavity were investigated. Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were investigated. Among aerobic flora most frequently occurred enterococci, E. coli and Pseudomonas. Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus were most frequently occurring anaerobes. Mixed flora was seen very often. Isolated microorganisms were tested for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, gentamicin, netilmicin and in cases of anaerobes to metronidazole.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

[Bacterial flora in laryngeal carcinoma and in postoperative scars of patients treated prophylactically by ciprofloxacin].

Microbiological investigations regarded samples from diseased tissue in patients with larynx carcinoma and in 53 patients. Samples were also taken two weeks after surgery from postoperative wounds. The patients received after surgery ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for five days. Cultures were incubated in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Isolated microorganisms were tested by application of the API system susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, netilmicin and gentamycin were determined. Samples from cancerous tissue and postoperative wounds revealed most frequently presence of streptococci, staphylococci, Bacteroides and intestinal bacteria. It was found, however, that in investigated patients different bacterial flora was present when compared with previously tested cancerous tissue. Hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, and less frequently enterococci, were found much more frequently, Isolated strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (93%), netilmicin (76%) and gentamycin (39%).

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of treatment with autologous staphylococcal vaccine on the course of the immunologic process].

In 18 patients with furunculosis and in 9 with chronic inflammation of upper respiratory tract, some cellular immunity parameters were tested. These were: phagocytosis index and bactericidal activity against leukocytes. Humoral immunity was also investigated by measurement of serum gammaglobulins. All test were performed before treatment and 30 days after application of the last dose of autologous vaccine. In 12 patients with furunculosis, improvement of the clinical status (disappearance of furunculosis) was appearing together with an increase of phagocytosis index and bactericidal activity of leukocytes without changes in gamma-globulin levels. No such changes were found in remaining patients in whom no clinical improvement was found. The authors suggest that cellular immunity factors studied in this investigation permit for evaluation of the immunity status in patients receiving autologous staphylococcal vaccine.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1991

[Perioperative preventive use of ciprofloxacin in patients with cancer of the larynx].

In comparative study of patients with laryngeal cancer, perioperative prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin was estimated. The drug was administered intravenously 200 mg twice daily, for five days to groups of 95 patients. Bacteriological examinations performed intraoperatively mostly revealed Gram-positive germs. The intravenous form of ciprofloxacin was very effective, resulting in complete healing of the operative wound in shorter time than in control groups. The drug has been well tolerated and no side effects were observed.

Bacterial Infections↗