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Biomedical subjects

J Chazal

Publications and source records attributed to J Chazal.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[The anconeus muscle. Anatomical and electromyographic study].

Since Duchenne de Boulogne's study, controversial statements are made about anconeus muscle. The authors presented an anatomical study from 10 cadavers and an electromyographic study from 10 examinations performed on 10 living subjects 18 to 47 years old. The authors found that anconeus muscle was an extensor of the elbow, a pronator of the forearm and that this muscle mobilized the ulna upward in adduction playing a role in the stabilisation of the elbow in various movements and in the ulnar deviation of the wrist. Finally the anconeus muscle might be considered an active lateral ligament of the elbow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Slit-ventricle. Apropos of 2 cases].

The so called slit-ventricle syndrome appears as a potential complication of the CSF derivations, whatever their types. It consists of repetitive episodes of elevated intracranial pressure, associated with collapsed ventricles as demonstrated by CT scan. Clinical symptoms happen after several months or years during which the derivation worked well, and then get more and more frequent. Between the episodes, the only statement one can do is the slow re-filling of the pump after it has been depressed with finger. The valveless lumbo-peritoneal derivations, and the ventriculo-atrial or ventriculo-peritoneal derivations using a low-pressure valve, are most often found in patients with the slit-ventricle syndrome. This suggests that overdrainage of the CSF is likely to be the main cause of this syndrome. Possible managements comprise: changing the valve, for an other one with a higher opening pressure,--adding to the derivation an antisyphon device, and making a subtemporal decompression.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1983

[X-ray anatomy of the recto-genital pouch in the child].

Peritoneography is a simple radio-anatomic method to get informations about the depth and the orientation of the Douglas pouch in children in relation to fixed bony landmarks in the pelvis (upper part of the pubic bone-lowest sacral segment). Measurements were recorded on patients ranging from 15 days-old to 15 years-old. The older the patient, the deeper and the more posterior seemed to be the Douglas pouch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Anatomic and histologic study of the human ileocecal valve. Developmental aspects as a function of age].

Based on gross anatomy and histological studies of thirty specimens ranging from nineteen weeks of gestational age to eighty-two years old, the authors present an analytical study of the ileocecal valve. The results confirm the evolutive aspect of the ileocecal valve with age, but, however seems to demonstrate a functional regression correlated with the frequency of its incontinence in adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Intracranial hypertension and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. A correlative study of 60 patients.

Intraventricular pressure was recorded in 60 patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, and correlated with their clinical conditions and prognosis. The results show that an evaluated intraventricular pressure is statistically linked with the most serious situations, and with the most severe prognosis. However, two thirds of the decreased patients had died with an almost normal pressure, suggesting that intracranial hypertension is not always the immediate cause of death, but only an aggravating factor. From these results, it is proposed that intracranial pressure should be monitored only in stuporous or comatose patients, and always compared with CT scan images, which give better information regarding the harmful effect of midline structure displacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Benign intracranial hypertension and disorders of CSF absorption.

Sixteen patients suffering from benign intracranial hypertension were studied by a continuous measurement of intraventricular pressure, a simultaneous recording of intraventricular and sagittal sinus pressures, and a measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resistance to drainage. Isotope cisternography was performed and the patency of the dural sinuses verified by direct sinography or phlebography or both. The same procedure was used to study 6 other patients suffering from disorders leading to the same type of intracranial hypertension. In 16, our results confirm a defect in CSF absorption mechanisms linked to an abolition of the pressure gradient between CSF and sagittal sinus in 6 patients, as well as an important increase in CSF resistance to drainage in 10 others. Despite this defect, the CSF circulation was normal in most patients (10 of 12) as demonstrated by isotope cisternography.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

[Benign intracranial hypertension. A clinical, pathophysiological and diagnostic study (author's transl)].

Sixteen unpublished observations of Benign intracranial hypertension were reviewed from a clinical, aetiological and prognostic standpoint. The hypothesis that this affection could be caused by some disturbance of the C.S.F. resorption was assessed using an experimental tests battery allowing the measurement of the main factors involved in C.S.F. resorption. Our patients presented with a pure, solitary state of intra-cranial hypertension, of variable duration, capable of returning. The vital outcome was always favourable, but several severe and protracted cases were marked by a definitive visual damage. The visual risk, often underlined in the literature, requires a careful attention and eventually needs some effective treatment including C.S.F. diversion. A disorder of C.S.F. absorption could be demonstrated in most of our observations and appears to account for the principal features of Benign intracranial hypertension, including the lack of ventricular enlargement. The absorption disorder resulted either from the reversion of the pressure gradient between the C.S.F. and the venous sinuses when a dural sinus was obstructed, - or from an elevation of the resistance to flow when the sinuses were patent, thus suggesting some structural alteration of the arachnoid villi. However, for lack of histological control, such an alteration remains hypothetical, and a primary brain edema probably yield a similar a pathophysiological pattern. Finally, an attempt is made to classify the various aetiological factors encountered in Benign intracranial hypertension according to the previous pathogenic discussion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Pre- and postoperative study of 56 cases (author's transl)].

56 patients considered to have a low pressure hydrocephalus were treated between 1973 and 1979 by a ventriculo-atrial shunting, using a medium pressure Holter valve. Apart from a standard clinical examination, these patients underwent a pneumoencephalography, an isotope cisternography, a measurement of ventricular pressure, and a determination of the C.S.F. resistance to flow by mean of an infusion test. A 6 months to 5 years follow up study showed that the operative result could be considered a success in 47%, a failure in 53%. No precise correlation could be found between any clinical sign or response to investigations, and the functional results. However, an early and really unsteady gait, an important ventricular enlargement without image of cortical atrophy, and the presence of pressure waves on I.C.P. recordings, seem to be frequently associated with good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Comparative trial of a new epidural transducer for intracranial pressure monitoring (author's translation)].

The measurement of intracranial pressure using a new epidural pressure transducer has been compared with the classical method of measuring intraventricular pressure. Comparative measures in vitro have been carried out with acid of an enclosure in which the hydrostatic pressure can be varied. Four positions of the epidural transducer with the respect to the dura mater have been studied; of these, only one, coplanarity between the epidural transducer and the dura, gives an excellent correlation between values of epidural pressure and hydrostatic pressure. Twenty-nine prolonged recordings have been carried out in vivo. Fifteen of these have given comparable recordings for E.D.P. and I.V.P. In the other fourteen cases the recordings were considered non comparable, either because of a significant difference between the average values of E.D.P. and P.I.V. or because the two curves were not parallel. It is considered that these differences are due to the problems of correctly positioning the epidural pressure transducer and hence an inability to achieve the condition of coplanarity. These problems should be resolved by a modification of the method of positioning the epidural pressure transducer. The use of this type of materiel is of interest for the monitoring of the I.C.P. of neurosurgical patients, as the epidural pressure follows the variations of I.C.P. and indicates pressures waves when they exist.

Epidural Space↗
PubMed1981

[Method for studying internal tensions at the intervertebral junction in extreme postures. Description of experimental material and preliminary results].

The authors describe a device for measuring the resultant tensions existing at the intervertebral junction (or its constitutive elements) in all spine attitudes. The reported method has been applied to the L4-L5 junction of a spine taken from the corpse of a 50 years old man. Although incomplete, the results suggest the following points: --the L4-L5 intervertebral junction seems to be very deformable, particularly in the sagittal plane; --the intervertebral disk is probably an elastic support which sustains shear stresses during flexion, extension and bending movements in the frontal plane; --during flexion, articular processes seem to be movement leaders as well as supports; --ligaments seem to play a small mechanical role, but their proprioceptive function seems essential.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Study of the talus and calcaneus using microdurometry, penetrometry and compression].

The authors give the results of various methods such as hardness micrometry, indentation tests and the radiographic study of fracture patterns, which they have applied to the talus and to the calcaneus. It appeared to them that: --these techniques outline the phenomenon of rupture behaviour of both talus and calcaneus; --the talus behaves as a fragile type of material whereas the calcaneus is of the intermediate type. The authors therefore think that these methods can be of great interest in a better understanding of the biomechanical properties of bone.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Benign intracranial hypertension. A clinical evaluation of the CSF absorption mechanisms.

Fifteen patients suffering from Benign Intracranial Hypertension due to various causes were investigated by measuring the CSF resistance to flow, and the pressure difference between the CSF and the sagittal sinus. Isotope cisternography was also performed, and the patency of the dural sinuses was checked by both sinography and phlebography. In twelve the results confirm a defect in the resorption mechanism, the nature of which proved to be venous in six, and linked to impairment of subarachnoid villi in six others. Three patients could not be classified. The significance of normal isotope cisternography is discussed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[Anatomical study and systematization of veins in the foot].

From the dissection and the injection of the foot veins on 70 anatomical pieces, the authors have found the 4 systems usually described:--Lejar's plantar venous rete;--the supra-fascial dorsal venous rete;--the dorsal veins of the foot;--the median and lateral plantar veins. All these systems communicate largely with one another and are practically without any valvula. Among the most interesting systems, one should notice the closely woven plantar rete predominating at the level of the anterior and posterior weight-bearing points, and the importance of the muscular plantar veins close to the weight-bearing points. From those anatomical data 3 conclusions follow: 1) the major importance of the superficial venous drainage in comparison with the deep one, which makes one think of the preponderant role of that system as venous motor at the level the weight-bearing points, while walking; 2) the easy opacification of all those systems in phlebography; 3) the uselessness of any complementary surgical action i the submalleolar regions during the cure of varices.

Foot↗
PubMed1978

[Early diagnosis of staphylococcic infection in epidural space : radiologic contribution (author's transl)].

Infection of the épidural space was demonstrated on clinic (cauda equina compression) and radiology. Three investigations are considered and compared : Dimer X radiculography, lumbar phlebography, duroliopaque myelography. The transfemoral arcending lumbar catheterization of the epidural veins precise the compression by staphylococcic external pachymeningitis. No liquid is introduced in cerebro spinal fluid : there is not risk of infectious arachnoiditis. Myelography with positive contrast (duroliopaque: ethyl monoiodostearate) is much attractive but it is a procedure not easy to perform, even badly tolerated by the patient. For these reasons the lumbar phlebography, easily performed, can be realised in first intention.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1978

Intracranial pressure with intracerebral hemorrhages.

Intracranial pressure was recorded continuously during an average of 15 days in 17 patients suffering from primary intracerebral hemorrhage. In 12 cases the highest pressures were recorded just after the stroke; then the intracranial pressure decreased and became normal in an average of 20-30 days. Other patterns of evolution were less often observed: a rapid and lethal elevation of pressure in one case, a constantly low pressure in two, and a stagnant evolution with moderate hypertension in two others. Secondarily developing intracranial hypertension was never observed during the monitoring period. Evacuation of the clots was performed in six patients. This only slightly shortened the course of the increased intracranial pressure. It is concluded that intracerebral hematoma appears as an expanding lesion only during the time of its formation. The prognosis depends more upon the destructions by the hemorrhage than upon the increased pressure. Nevertheless, true hypertension is possible. Knowledge of intracranial pressure in the course of intracerebral hemorrhage is important in deciding whether the treatment is to be surgical or conservative. Measurements of the intracranial pressure in our practice has reduced the number of interventions, with identical or slightly improved results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. Anatomo-clinical study of a new case].

A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma arising in right lumbar region with involvement of epidural space is described in a 16 years old girl. The diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was done from cytochemical and electron microscopic studies which showed intra-cellular glycogen granules whereas cytologic and immunological analysis eliminated lymphoid malignancies. This case emphasized the interest of these techniques, adjunctive to routine light microscopic examination for the pursuit of a specific diagnosis in the small round cell neoplasm.

Adolescent↗