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Biomedical subjects

J Charpin

Publications and source records attributed to J Charpin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Current data of occupational asthma].

The problem of occupational asthma is in state of change as evidenced by the official reports: The official Journal of the 23 January 1982 contains important alterations in the lists of occupational asthma, changing some and creating others, as with table 66 in which numerous occupational allergies are listed. The authors discuss current diagnostic methods in which realistic provocation tests play an important part; current causes are considered and are duly allocated between natural animal or vegetable products or chemicals produced by industry. The authors strive to define which aetiologies are declining and which remain every day problems. Occupational asthma should be treated at source though the offending agent is not always apparent. The mechanism may be allergic, or often non allergic histamine-liberation or other pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Finally, the understanding of occupational asthmas throws light on the mechanism of asthma itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Fungal flora in a hospital milieu].

The airborne fungal flora was studied in different departments of an hospital by using a slit sampler (Casella, London) where the measured volume of air is impacted to the surface of culture medium contained in Petri dishes. Colonies were counted after 3 days incubation at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Many species of hyphomycetes were identified. The main fungi isolated were Cladosporium sp (especially C. cladosporioides), Penicillium sp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus sp. (A. flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus). The results show that the variability of the spore number is related to the ventilation. The number of spores found indoors seemed proportional to those present outdoors in naturally ventilated rooms. The results are quite different in the airconditioned wards. Also, there might be a correlation between the counts and the activity and occupation of wards.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1983

[Multicenter study of a slow-release theophylline: armophylline].

In a co-operative study involving 10 centres, 95 asthmatic patients were treated with Armophylline, a new slow-release theophylline for a period of 1 to 3 months. Eighty per cent of the patients receiving the drug in doses of 11 to 15 mg/kg/day immediately had adequate blood theophylline levels (7-20 mcg/ml). There was a significant decrease in dyspnoea and number of asthmatic attacks and a significant increase in FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio. The drug was usually well tolerated. Side-effects, such as insomnia, headache or digestive disorders were, as a rule, mild.

Asthma↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of intravenous mezlocillin in patients with normal and impaired renal function (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin after intravenous infusion of 5 g over 30 minutes was compared in 15 patients divided into 3 groups. Group I patients had normal renal function, group II patients had moderate chronic renal impairment and group III patients were under haemodialysis. Plasma mezlocillin levels were measured by the microbiological method. Plasma kinetic values were calculated from a linear two-compartment model, using global estimation of macroconstants by the non-linear least square method. The elimination half-life was 1.19 +/- 0.107 h in group I patients 1.98 +/- 0.19 h in group II patients and 2.34 +/- 0.11 h in group III patients. Renal impairment did not significantly alter the apparent volume of distribution but influenced the total plasma clearance which was 139 +/- 9 ml/min, 87 +/- 9 ml/min and 61 +/- 8 ml/min in groups I, II and III patients respectively. There was a slight decrease of V1 (central compartment) and a noticeable increase of V2 (peripheral compartment), depending on the degree of renal impairment. The total volume of distribution (V1 + V2) remained relatively constant between 12 and 14 litres. Homogeneous results were obtained in each group of patients, thus confirming the regularity of the mezlocillin kinetic model at the dose administered. This should enable dosage adjustment according to renal function, as assessed by laboratory criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Retention of pollen grains in human lung.

The possibility of the penetration of pollen grains into the tracheobronchial tree is still a controversial question. To investigate this phenomenon further two different approaches were conducted: 1) Acetolysis (acidic degradation of organic constituents) of mucosal samples from different levels of the pig respiratory tract showed that specific (plane tree) inhaled pollens were not found beyond the main bronchi. 2) In contrast, a noticeable number of pollens were present in acetolyzed residues of lung surgical samples; this was shown to be due to contamination. In the first approach this problem was avoided; however, the analysis of surgical samples could be a valuable technique if suitable controls were included.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1982

Clinical studies with terfenadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis in France.

The results of a multicentre investigation carried out on 312 pollinic patients are presented. Efficacy of alpha-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1- piperidinebutanol (terfenadine, RMI 9918, Triludan, Teldane, resp.) has been estimated from a global appreciation and the evolution of 11 symptoms, and tolerance on the frequency of diurnal sleepiness. The results showed a very good efficacy of terfenadine and the absence of a depressant effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Interaction between corticosteroids and beta 2-agonists in acute asthma.

Fourteen patients with acute asthma were randomly distributed between two equally large groups. They received a two-hour intravenous infusion twice a day. Group 1 was treated with corticosteroids and group 2 with corticosteroids and the beta 2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline. The effects of treatment were evaluated by clinical examination and measurement of FEV1 on four consecutive days; in the morning before treatment and then hourly for six hours. The mean FEV1 remained statistically unchanged in group 1. In group 2, mean FEV1 showed a slight but significant improvement on the first day, then a more and more marked increase on the second, third and fourth days. Comparison between the two groups showed that differences in mean FEV1 were significant at the first, second and third hour of the first day and from the first to the sixth hour on the other three days. An additional group of seven patients was treated with beta 2-adrenergic agonist alone. In this group, only a slight increase in FEV1 was noted. This work might suggest an advantage in combining bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Fungal flora in houses (author's transl)].

In certain cases, allergic respiratory phenomena appear to be connected with a particular dwelling place. This observations, if it is not explained by a specific allergen (eg. an animal), raises the possible contribution of domestic moulds. The author shows the results of a study on domestic moulds in 65 houses in the Bouches-du-Rhône by culture on Petri dishes. The species most often detected were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria. In some houses identical fungi were found to those in the atmosphere, in others greater numbers were found inside than outside. The study of fungal spores is of great interest; it gives an idea of their numerical importance which can be considerable; in addition besides those fungi which are present in the routine battery of tests, it may show other species that should perhaps be considered in the diagnostic aetiology.

Alternaria↗
PubMed1982

In vitro evaluation of blocking antibodies by RAST interference during pollen desensitization: role of the IgG fraction.

RAST interference was used to study the changes in blocking antibodies during hyposensitization. At the onset of desensitization blocking antibodies levels were correlated to IgE antibody titers. They progressively rose during the treatment. IgG isolated by adsorption onto protein A Sepharose were only a part of blocking antibodies. The isolated antibodies gave 80% of RAST interference values. Results showed that RAST interference may be used routinely to determine changes of immunological parameters of immunotherapy.

Adult↗