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Biomedical subjects

J Chander

Publications and source records attributed to J Chander.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of fungal corneal ulcers in northern India.

Fungal corneal ulcer is common in India due to the tropical climate and a large agrarian population that is at risk. Various factors such as trauma, the injudicious use of topical antibiotics and corticosteroids are involved. Many of the age and sex-related risk factors also play a minor role. This 6-year study from Northern India revealed that fungi were detected in 61 (8.4%) out of 730 patients investigated. Direct microscopy was positive in 51 (7%) and culture in 53 (7.3%) patients. Aspergillus spp. were the most common causative agents accounting for 25 (40.1%) of the isolates, followed by Fusarium sp. with ten (16.4%), Curvularia sp. with five (8.2%), Candida albicans with five (8.2%), Acremonium sp. with four (6.6%), Paecilomyces sp. with three (4.9%), Penicillium sp. with two (3.3%), Alternaria sp. with two (3.3%), Fonsecaea pedrosoi var. cladosporium with two isolates (3.3%) and Pseudallescheria boydii, Drechslera sp. and Aureobasidium pullulans with one isolate (1.6%) each. The prevalence of fungal ulcers in males was three times higher than in females. The affected individuals had a rural background and were in the 51-60 year age group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Candidaemia: a 10-year study in an Indian teaching hospital.

Retrospective evaluation of candidaemia patients was performed in an Indian teaching hospital over a 10-year period. The incidence of patients with candidaemia increased eleven-fold in the second half of the study period (55 patients) compared with the first half (5 patients). Haematological malignancies (11 patients), neonatal septicaemia (9), cardiac abnormalities and cardiac surgery (9) were the commonest underlying diseases in these patients. Candida albicans (50%), C. guilliermondii (17%), C. tropicalis (15%) and C. parapsilosis (8%) were the most common fungal pathogens isolated from blood culture. Therapy with two or more antibiotics (92%), corticosteroid administration (25%), intravascular catheter use for over 24 h (78%) and neutropenia (48%) were the accountable predisposing factors. Prolonged hospitalization (mean average 22.2 days as compared with 11.2 days in other patients) was an added risk factor in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of Calcofluor staining in the diagnosis of fungal corneal ulcer.

For laboratory diagnosis of mycotic keratitis, demonstration of fungal pathogens on direct microscopy and their isolation by culture is essential. The addition of Calcofluor white (CFW) stain to the diagnostic armamentarium has significantly increased the sensitivity of smear examination on direct microscopy. During a period of 1 year, 143 consecutive patients with corneal ulcers were investigated by direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount, Calcofluor white stain and routine cultures of corneal scrapings. Fungi were detected as aetiological agents in 21 (15%) patients. Different species of the genera Aspergillus (35%), Fusarium (23%), Acremonium (12%), Paecilomyces (12%), Cladosporium (6%), Alternaria (6%) and Pseudallescheria (6%) were the common isolates. Calcofluor white stain on direct microscopy detected fungi in 20 (95.2%) patients in comparison with 15 (71.4%) patients by both KOH wet mount examination and culture. Calcofluor white stain was significantly more sensitive than KOH wet mount in demonstrating fungal pathogens.

Cornea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of cryptococcosis in and around Chandigarh, India, during the period 1982-91.

The incidence of cryptococcosis was evaluated in and around Chandigarh, India over a period of 10 years (1982-91). Different species of Cryptococcus were isolated from 38 patients. Cryptococcus neoformans was the predominant isolate (26 = 68%) followed by Cr. albidus (2), Cr. laurentii (1) and not precisely identified Cryptococcus species (9 = 24%). Serotyping of the 18 isolates of Cr. neoformans revealed that 13 (72%) were serotype A, two (11%) were serotype AD and three (17%) were serotype B (Cr. neoformans var. gattii). Cryptococcus species were found to produce infection in 24 patients and were possibly transient colonizers in another 14 patients. In addition, in 11 patients no Cryptococcus species was isolated from any site but the latex agglutination test for antigen (Crypto-LA) was positive in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Response to various antifungal drugs was also studied in these patients.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhinosporidiosis in India: a case report and review of literature.

A 21-year-old male from Kerala, south India, who had been living in Chandigarh for the last 4 years presented with a nasal polyp in the left nasal cavity. On histopathological examination, it was found to be due to rhinosporidiosis. This disease is not uncommon in south India, but few case reports have been documented from north India. This paper presents a case report of rhinosporidiosis from the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, and a review of literature of the disease.

Adult↗