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Biomedical subjects

J Chanard

Publications and source records attributed to J Chanard.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Acute renal failure caused by clometacin hypersensitivity].

Renal involvement is not frequently observed during therapy with clometacine and its mechanism not fully understood. We report on a case of acute renal failure occurring four times in conjunction with acute hepatitis before the causative effect of clometacine was demonstrated. Drug hypersensitivity was documented by anatomical findings consisting in renal interstitial infiltration by mononuclear cells and eosinophils and by hypereosinophilia, increase in plasma IgE and a positive basophil degranulation test.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

[Role of sodium in the control of compartmental distribution of water during hemodialysis. I. Measurement of water transfer].

Symptomatic hypotension and other symptoms of the so-called dialytic desiquilibrium syndrome have been related to alterations of body fluid osmolality and distribution. Fluid removal from the intracellular compartment can be achieved by manipulating the sodium dialysate (NaD). The extracellular fluid volume ( EFCV ) was measured with inulin and/or 35SO = 4. Total body water changes were calculated in terms of fluid substraction induced by dialysis. They were monitored in 12 patients on hemodialysis with a highly permeable membrane and a careful monitoring of ultrafiltration. NaD was maintained constant throughout the session and was comprised between 140 and 170 mmol/l. Below 150 mmol/l NaD, ECFV was reduced more than the weight loss, indicating concomitant intracellular water loading. Conversely, over 150 mmol/l NaD weight loss resulted from extracellular and cellular water. We conclude: 1) transcellular water shift during dialysis is dependent of sodium dialysate; 2) net cellular water-shift was obtained for NaD higher than 150 mmol/l; 3) at least two compartments for water distribution should be taken into account for sodium modeling.

Body Water↗
PubMed1982

Effect of parathyroid hormone on rat enterocyte Na transport in vitro.

In the presence of b.PTH (1.2 I.U./ml) in the incubation medium, the Na efflux rate constant (degree KNa) of isolated rat enterocytes was significantly reduced when compared to control experiments. The mean depression of degree KNa induced by b.PTH was 26% as compared to control (100%). No depressant effect of b.PTH on degree KNa was observed when the isolated enterocytes were incubated with ouabain (4.0mM). Thus, b.PTH appeared to inhibit the ouabain-sensitive Na pump. When incubating the isolated epithelial cells in an EGTA-containing Ca free medium, b.PTH lost its capacity to inhibit degree KNa. Thus, the presence of extracellular Ca appeared necessary for the inhibitory effect of b.PTH. In contrast to its effect on degree KNa, b.PTH induced no change of net Na uptake by isolated enterocytes. Moreover, b.PTH did not induce significant changes in enterocyte cAMP or cGMP concentrations. It was concluded that b.PTH exerted a direct inhibitory effect on the ouabain-sensitive Na efflux rate constant of isolated rat enterocytes. The effect of b.PTH occurred without a measureable activation of the cyclic nucleotide system but needed the presence of Ca in the incubation medium to be operative.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Long-term results of dialysis therapy with a highly permeable membrane.

A five-year study of short-term dialysis using highly permeable polyacrylonitrile membrane AN 69 was started in March 1973 to compare the effects of AN 69 and Cuprophan membrane (CM). The time of dialysis was calculated for each patient on the basis of vitamin B12 clearance of the dialyzer and the residual glomerular filtration rate. For the study, 101 patients (38,555 dialysis sessions) who had been dialyzed for more than six months were selected. They were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 31) patients treated with AN 69 only; Group II (n = 31) patients treated with CM; Group III (n = 39) patients treated first with the CM and then with AN 69. Patients treated with AN 69 had higher levels of plasma urea but no particular metabolic disturbances were observed. The dialysis sessions were significantly better tolerated with AN 69 than with CM, however, the main advantage of using AN 69 is the shortening of dialysis time. The duration of dialysis was 9.5 +/- 0.2 hours per week with AN 69 and 16.4 +/- 0.2 hours per week with CM. Shortening of dialysis time permits better social rehabilitation of the patients. The shorter dialysis was not associated with any recognizable side effects that could be demonstrated by routine clinical and biological analysis.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1982

Polyarteritis nodosa with bilateral ureteric involvement.

Renal insufficiency in necrotizing vasculitis is usually the result of parenchymal damage. A case of polyarteritis nodosa presenting obstructive nephropathy with bilateral ureteric stenosis is reported. The role of the concurrent crescentic glomerulonephritis in the mechanism of renal failure is discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Increased renal excretion of 3 hydroxyproline in patients with active glomerular nephropathies and with polycystic renal disease.

The renal excretion of 3 hydroxyproline (3 HYP) and 4 hydroxyproline (4 HYP) was investigated in control subjects and in patients with various renal diseases. In normal adult subjects urinary 3 HYP was 12.5 +/- 3.5 (SD) mumoles/24 hr, 4 HYP was 226 +/- 62 mumoles/24 hr and the percentage ratio 3 HYP/4 HYP 5.4 +/- 0.5. This ratio was reduced during growth because of a relative excess of 4 HYP. In patients with acute glomerular disease (n = 12) 3 HYP was increased to 17.1 +/- 5.8 mumoles/24 hr (P less than 0.01), and the ratio 3 HYP/4 HYP was 7.3 +/- 0.7% (P less than 0.01). Such an increase in 3 HYP was not observed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 24) where 3 HYP was 9.6 +/- 5.0 mumoles/24 hr and 3 HYP/4 HYP 5.7 +/- 1.6% or with diabetic glomerulopathy (n = 6). In patients with chronic interstitial nephritis (n = 8) the 3 HYP/4 HYP ratio was decreased except in patients with polycystic renal disease (PKD) where it was increased (P less than 0.001). The daily urinary content of 3 HYP and 4 HYP was slightly altered by renal insufficiency. Urinary 3 HYP did not change significantly in patients with GN with the nephrotic syndrome whatever the histological lesion. These results indicate that urinary 3 HYP: 1) is increased when glomerulonephritis is clinically acute or subacute; 2) is increased in PKD whatever the level of renal insufficiency.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of divided renal function by renography. Validation in patients with separate urine collections from each kidney.

Divided renal function was measured by 99mTc-DTPA renography using a gamma camera and a computer-assisted program. In 14 patients with permanent bilateral ureterostomies (7) or temporary ureteric catheterization (7), split renal function was calculated by analysis of the initial phase of the kidney activity-time curve and measured simultaneously by conventional clearance techniques. A high correlation was found between individual clearances measured by computation and by the conventional procedure. The correlation coefficient between the results obtained by the two techniques was 0.94 (P less than 0.001). A high correlation was also shown to exist between the computed clearance and the renal uptake of mercury after administration of 197HgCl. It is concluded that 99mTc-DTPA is particularly useful for the measurement of divided renal function without the need for urine collection.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Carnitine improves lipid anomalies in haemodialysis patients.

51 chronic haemodialysis patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were given a daily oral dose of 2.4 g D,L-carnitine for 30 days to investigate a possible hypolipaemic effect. After 30 days' D,L-carnitine treatment the mean (+/- SEM) serum triglyceride concentration had decreased significantly from 3.50 +/- 0.39 to 2.87 +/- 0.27 mmol/l. Serum total cholesterol did not change. However, HDL cholesterol increased significantly from 0.89 +/- 0.05 to 1.35 +/- 0.07 mmol/l. This decrease in serum triglycerides and return of HDL cholesterol to normal levels in haemodialysis patients may be the result of correction of carnitine deficiency. Such treatment could reduce the risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary-artery disease in uraemic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of acute ethanol loading on parathyroid gland secretion in the rat.

Acute ethanol loading in the rat induces hypocalcemia and hypermagnesemia. In addition, hypocalcemia is not corrected by exogenous PTH. In the rat the mechanism of these changes was investigated by measuring plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH was also measured in culture medium in which parathyroid glands were incubated. The addition of ethanol to test tubes did not interfere with PTH measurement. Absolute ethyl alcohol diluted to 50% with distilled water was administered via an intragastric tube. It failed to induce an increase in plasma immunoreactive PTH level. Similarly, it prevented an increase in plasma PTH after disodium EDTA injection. Thus in the presence of ethyl alcohol plasma PTH failed to increase in spite of a significant decrease of plasma calcium. In vitro studies showed that the decrease of calcium concentration of the medium from 1.50 to 0.75 mmol/l was associated with a 3 to 5 times increase in PTH secretion rate. This increase was suppressed when ethanol was added to the culture medium. In conclusion, ethanol loading via gastric tubing induced: 1) decrease in plasma calcium; 2) suppression of immunoreactive PTH secretion in the presence of hypocalcemia. It is postulated that the acute hypocalcemic effect of ethanol loading is mediated by a dual effect at the level of the bone and the parathyroid gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of parathyroid hormone on jejunal electrolyte and water transport and cyclic nucleotide formation in the rat.

The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on jejunal sodium, calcium, and water transport in situ was studied in thyroparathyroidectomized rats using the ligated loop instillation model. The acute administration of bovine PTH to the animals induced a significant increase in net sodium and water secretion when compared to animals receiving the vehicle only. This effect was due to an increase in unidirectional mucosa-to-lumen sodium flux. However, no change of calcium fluxes was observed. This acute in vivo effect on PTH could not be explained by an action via the adenyl or guanyl cyclase systems since bPTH failed to induce changes of cAMP or cGMP formation in isolated jejunal cells. Thus, other so far not elucidated mechanisms of action must be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Urinary 3-hydroxyproline in renal disease.

The renal excretion of 3-hydroxyproline (3-HYP), an isomer of 4-hydroxyproline (4-HYP) found 6-10 times more in basement membrane collagen than in interstitial collagen, was investigated in control subjects and in 58 adult patients with various kidney diseases. With the exception of polykystic renal disease, all the nephropathies were investigated by renal biopsy. In normal adult subjects urinary 3-HYP was 12.5 +/- 3.5 (SD) mumol/24 h, 4-HYP 226 +/- 62 mumol/24 h and the percentage ratio 3-HYP/4-HYP 5.5 +/- 0.5. This ratio was twice as little during growth because of a relative excess of 4-HYP. In patients with acute glomerular disease (acute and subacute glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis...) (n = 13) 3-HYP was 17.1 +/- 5.8 mumol/24 h (p less than 0.01 when compared with the normal) and 4-HYP 234 +/- 77 mumol/24 h. The ratio between the two values was 7.3 +/- 0.7 (p less than 0.001). Such an increase in 3-HYP was not observed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 24) where 3-HYP was 9.6 +/- 5.7 mumol/24 h and 3-HYP/4-HYP 6.0 +/- 1.6, neither in patients with diabetic glomerulonephritis (n = 6). In chronic interstitial nephritis (n = 8) the 3-HYP/4-HYP ratio was decreased with the exception of polykystic renal diseases (PKD), where it was increased (p less than 0.001). The daily urinary contents of 3-HYP and 4-HYP were slightly altered by renal insufficiency. In glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome whatever the histological lesions, urinary 3-HYP did not change significantly. These preliminary results indicate that urinary 3-HYP (1) is increased when glomerulonephritis is clinically acute or subacute; (2) is increased in PKD suggesting a possible inborn error of collagen metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Successful parathyroid gland autotransplantation in the rat using a simplified cryopreservation technique.

In the present work a simplified technique for cryopreservation of parathyroid glands was compared to the generally used technique needing a programmed freezer. Four groups of rats had total parathyroidectomy. In two of them the glands were cryopreserved and reimplanted 10 days after ablation. The other two groups had, respectively, immediate parathyroid autotransplantation and no autotransplantation. During a follow-up of 60 days, plasma calcium remained low and plasma phosphorus elevated in all aparathyroid rats of the last group. In the group of rats with immediate parathyroid reimplantation, both mean plasma calcium and phosphorus values rapidly returned to the normal values observed before operation. In the rats that had the simplified parathyroid cryopreservation technique, mean plasma phosphorus also returned to the normal range and mean plasma calcium to nearly normal. However, in the group of rats with the classical cryopreservation method, the mean plasma calcium and phosphorus levels remained far from normal in the majority of animals. It was concluded that parathyroid glands of the rat could be successfully autografted after previous freezing using a simplified cryopreservation technique. The results obtained were comparable with, even though not as perfect as, that observed after immediate autotransplantation. If suitable for human parathyroid gland fragments, this technique would allow a more general application of parathyroid tissue cryopreservation.

Animals↗