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J Cermák

Publications and source records attributed to J Cermák.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Loss of heterozygosity and heterogeneity of its appearance and persisting in the course of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Screening for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the panel of 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, especially from the region 11p15, was carried out on 154 samples from 26 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and eight with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). LOH was detected at the majority (72%) of the loci tested: 47% of informative patients displayed LOH for at least one of the microsatellite locus from the region 11p15 and 23.5% of patients displayed LOH among the other markers tested within the study. A longitudinal follow-up of patients showed a remarkable heterogeneity of LOH appearance and its persistance during the course of the disease suggesting an intratumor clonal heterogeneity, or alternatively, presence of LOH in more than one cell clone. The data revealed two regions of high loss of one allele in 11p15.5, defined by markers D11S1363 and D11S1338, indicating that LOH at the subtelomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 11 is a much common event in hematological malignancies than it was previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A short note on micronucleoli in the course of terminal maturation of human erythroblasts.

The incidence of micronucleoli in the course of terminal differentiation of human erythroblasts was studied by the cytochemical procedures for demonstration of RNA and characteristic proteins of interphase AgNORs. The last dividing stages of the erythroid lineage--polychromatophylic erythroblasts--characterized by the presence of micronucleoli exhibited significantly larger values of the nucleolar coefficient in specimens stained for AgNOR proteins than in those stained for RNA. In addition, both these and terminal non-dividing nucleated stages of the erythroid lineage--orthochromatic erythroblasts--possessed micronucleoli after staining for RNA in a much smaller percentage of cells than after staining for AgNOR proteins. Thus, both these observations indicate that micronucleoli in the course of terminal maturation of erythroblasts apparently lose the nucleolar RNA detectable by the light microscopic cytochemistry. In addition, silver-stained micronucleoli--nucleolar remnants--were also noted in erythroblasts expelling the nucleus.

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed2000

Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmation of 5q deletions in patients with hematological malignancies.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes for the 5q31-32 region and a whole chromosomal painting (WCP) probe for chromosome 5 were used to corroborate the results of classical cytogenetic examinations performed on G-banded chromosomes of 77 patients with hematological malignancies. Using classical cytogenetic methods, we suspected the presence of clones with a deletion 5q in 63 patients, and complex rearrangements with involvement of chromosome 5 in 14 other cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization proved the occurrence of deletion 5q31 in 23 patients and ascertained translocations of part of the long arms of deleted chromosome 5 with missing region 5q31 in 12 patients. In 2 cases, the 5q31 region was translocated to other chromosomes as a part of complex rearrangements. The combination of classical cytogenetics and FISH with specific probes for the 5q31 band yielded cytogenetic results in 35 cases. Routine FISH detection of deleted regions was possible by commercially available cosmid probes for the 5q31 chromosomal band. The interpretation of small deletions and frequent involvement of the deleted chromosomes 5 in complex translocations were ascertained by WCP probes.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed2000

Different expression of some molecular markers in sporadic cancer of the left and right colon.

The expression of cytoplasmic c-erbB2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) was significantly higher in sporadic cancer of the right than of the left colon. In addition, cytoplasmic c-erbB2 displayed the same difference in the adjacent (less than 2 cm) and distant (more than 5 cm from the tumour margin) mucosa. The findings cannot be related to Dukes staging. It is suggested that different ontogenic development of the right (from the midgut) and the left (from the hindgut) colon may be a possible explanation. Therefore, data on the expression of different molecular markers in colorectal cancer and surrounding mucosa should always be supplemented by data on tumour location.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Nucleoli in cells of the granulopoietic proliferating compartment in patients suffering from the refractory anemia of the myelodysplastic syndrome.

Granulocytic precursors of the granulopoietic proliferating compartment (GPC) were investigated in patients suffering from refractory anemia (RA) of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to provide an information on the number of nucleoli and incidence of main nucleolar types in these cells stained with the simple cytochemical procedure for the demonstration of RNA. The results demonstrated that the incidence of main nucleolar types in all stages of the granulopoietic proliferating compartment in RA patients of MDS generally did not differ in comparison with that of control patients without a disturbed granulopoiesis. In contrast, the number of nucleoli expressed by the values of the nucleolar coefficient in all stages of GPC in RA patients was significantly smaller than in control persons. In addition, the values of the nucleolar coefficient of myeloblasts in patients with RA of MDS were close to those in patients with acute myeloid leukemias.

Anemia↗
PubMed2000

[Cytokines in the diagnosis of peritoneal inflammation].

Early diagnosis of peritoneal inflammation in the initial stage with equivocal clinical manifestations is not always simple. At present there are in the literature many new laboratory indicators which to a different extent describe the inflammatory process. In the present paper the authors focused attention on the practical importance of the use of cytokines in the diagnosis of peritoneal inflammations. They compare the diagnostic impact of clinical examination as compared with assessed plasma concentrations of inflammation promoting cytokines. The authors maintain that the diagnosis of secondary peritonitis is based on the clinical examination of the patient. Elevated values of PCT or IL-6 can support this clinical conclusion. In postoperative peritonitis dynamic investigation of cytokines is important. The diagnosis of tertiary peritonitis is based on laboratory findings.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

Double minute chromosomes in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome transforming into acute myeloid leukemia.

Presence of double minute chromosomes (dmin) is rare in bone marrow cells in patients with preleukemia and leukemia. We describe a case of myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess of blasts (MDS-RAEB) associated with two unrelated pathological chromosomal clones that developed during the progression of the disease. The patient was followed cytogenetically for a period of 4 years. At the time of transition into RAEB-T and later to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), dmin were associated with resistance to chemotherapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study proved that the dmin in this case were c-MYC amplicons. At the terminal stage of the disease, dmins were present in all 50 analyzed cells.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1999

Incidence of nucleoli in erythroblasts in patients suffering from refractory anemia of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Nucleoli of erythroblasts have been studied in patients suffering from refractory anemia (RA) of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and in control patients without a disturbed erythropoiesis in order to provide information on the incidence of nucleoli and micronucleoli in these cells. Nucleoli in erythroblasts were visualized by a simple cytochemical procedure for the demonstration of RNA which facilitated the visualization not only large nucleoli but also micronucleoli in advanced stages of the erythroblastic maturation. In control patients nucleoli were detected in all stages of erythroblastic development. In patients suffering from RA of MDS, a relatively large population of polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblasts was characterized by a loss of nucleoli accompanied by the decreased incidence of micronucleoli characteristic of these cells. In contrast to control patients, in patients suffering from RA of MDS the number of nucleoli expressed by the values of the nucleolar coefficient of erythroblasts was smaller, particularly in both the early and terminal stages of erythroblastic development. Thus in patients with RA of MDS both the abnormal loss of nucleoli and decreased number of nucleoli in erythroblasts apparently represent and reflect a further abnormality of disturbed erythropoiesis.

Anemia, Refractory↗
PubMed1999

[A preventive ostomy in low rectal resections].

Dehiscence of the anastomosis after low resection of the rectum is a serious complication with the possible development of sepsis and multiorgan failure. This complication is reported in 10-20% of operations. The incidence of dehiscences can be reduced when known principles of preoperative care are respected but in particular by correct surgical technique. The serious character of this surgical complication can be reduced by a primary derivative stomy. Based on their experience the authors recommend to implement a preventive ileostomy in low resections of the rectum which can be closed already two weeks after the primary operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Use of procalcitonin in surgery].

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a new early indicator of developing systemic bacterial infection. As compared with other anti-inflammatory markers (cytokines, acute stage proteins), the attained plasma levels during extensive but uncomplicated surgery are by orders lower than maximal levels during sepsis. The authors assume that PCT will be used in surgical practice as an early indicator of developing systemic bacterial infection (in multiple injuries, after surgery) and for subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of septic conditions.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1999

The asymmetric distribution of interphasic silver-stained nucleolus organizer regions in human and rat proerythroblasts.

The distribution of SSPs representing AgNORs was studied in human as well as rat proerythroblasts to provide information on the distribution of these nucleolar components in highly immature and proliferating non-neoplastic cells. The distribution of SSPs was asymmetric and most of the cells contained one nucleolus which possessed a larger number of these nucleolar components than the remaining nucleoli. Such nucleolus might be functionally dominant, since the number of nucleolar SSPs is apparently related to the nucleolar biosynthetic activity. On the other hand, when a proerythroblast possessed only one nucleolus, the number of SSPs in such a cell was very similar to the sum of SSPs in a polynucleolar cell. The asymmetric distribution of SSPs characteristic for most proerythroblasts disappeared in the terminal stages of the erythroblastic development. Cells in such stages, as described previously, were characterized by the presence of a limited number of single SSPs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Implantation of the T-tube in patients with postintubation tracheal stenosis].

The authors submit an account on their experience with implantation of a Montgomery T-tube in patients with postcannulation stenosis of the trachea. The T-tube was implanted in 10 patients during an 11-year period (1987-1997). In three patients the tube was inserted on account of restenosis which developed after resection of the trachea. In three patients resection treatment was not indicated because of the considerable length of the stenosis (60 mm), in two patients because of the finding of two stenoses at different levels of the trachea, in one patient because of a high stenosis of the trachea with penetrating granulation into the subglottic space and in one patient because of a medical contraindication. The diagnosis of stenosis and its character was based on tomograms of the trachea, bronchoscopy and possibly CT. The T-tube was implanted under general anaesthesia after revision of the tracheal stenosis and if necessary dilatation. The length of the tube always extended over the stenotic portion, in three patients it extended from the bifurcation to the stoma. The T-tube was very well tolerated by the patients and was renewed usually after one year. Only in one patient it proved possible to perform decannulation and close the stoma by a plastic operation using costal cartilage. In the remaining patients the cannula is gradually reduced in length and in some possible decannulation with closure of the stoma in future is assumed. The authors consider the use of a T-tube in some patients with tracheal stenosis a very good therapeutic method which should be used at present in indicated cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Silent forms of hereditary spherocytosis].

We report 7 cases of "silent" form of hereditary spherocytosis observed among members of 4 different families. Silent form of hereditary spherocytosis occurred in 5.4% of all patients with hereditary spherocytosis treated in our institute. The patients with silent form featured normal Hb level and red blood cell count, normal or slightly elevated reticulocyte count and bilirubin level. Osmotic resistance of red blood cells was decreased and autohemolysis was increased, nevertheless, the differences from normal range were less prominent than in patients with manifest form of the disease. Analysis of red cell membrane revealed deficiency of band 3 protein in all cases of silent form of hereditary spherocytosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical importance of determining levels of circulating transferrin receptors in blood].

Circulating serum transferrin receptor level was measured using mouse monoclonal antibody against transferrin receptor (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) in 126 patients with various disorders of erythropoiesis and the results were compared to those obtained form control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers with normal iron stores. Serum transferrin receptor level was significantly elevated in patients with iron deficiency and in all patients with hyperplastic erythropoiesis (hereditary spherocytosis, immune hemolytic anemia, beta thalassemia, myelodysplasia). Measurement of circulating serum transferrin receptor level was a sensitive indicator of iron depletion as well as a helpful parameter in differential diagnosis between iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease where circulating transferrin receptor level was not elevated. Index transferrin receptor/ferritin calculated as a ratio of circulating serum transferrin receptor level to log serum ferritin level was a more sensitive parameter than measurement of serum transferrin receptor not only for determination of patients with anemia of chronic disease, but also for discrimination of patients with elevated serum transferrin receptor level due to true iron deficiency from those with high serum transferrin receptor level caused by relative iron deficiency in hyperplastic erythropoiesis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1999

[Pregnancy in patients with hereditary spherocytosis].

The influence of pregnancy on the course of hereditary spherocytosis was investigated in 21 women during their 44 pregnancies. Fourteen pregnancies were followed up directly, 30 were evaluated from anamnestic data. In the majority of investigated women with hereditary spherocytosis pregnancy caused no problems. When complications developed, they were not serious as a rule. Only about one third of pregnancies in non-splenectomized women developed anaemia or anaemia deteriorated. In the latter enhanced haemolysis participated. In splenectomized patients the incidence of complaints was minimal.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[Resection of the trachea in acquired cicatricial stenosis].

The objective of the submitted paper is to draw attention to the possible occurrence of post-cannulation ciccatrial stenoses of the trachea after long-term artificial pulmonary ventilation and possibilities of a surgical solution. The optimal therapeutic method is resection of the stenotic portion of the trachea. The authors present an account on 22 patients where during the period from 1996-1998 a resection of the trachea was performed. Of basic importance for indication for resection of the trachea is bronchoscopic, X-ray (tomograms) and CT examination which assesses the diameter, site and length of the stenosis. The limiting factor is assessment of the length of the stenotic portion. In stenoses longer than 5-6 cm it is useful to consider insertion of a stent. The authors made resections of the trachea of a maximum length of 55 mm. As to postoperative complications restenoses were most frequent and were resolved by implantation of a Montgomery T-tube. Indications of patients for surgery on account of stenosis of the trachea calls for close interdisciplinary collaboration of the bronchologist, radiologist and thoracic surgeon. Due to the small number of patients operated with this complication it is useful to concentrate these patients in specialized departments.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Interferon alpha--the drug of choice for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia].

BACKGROUND: The conventional, or standard, treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) with hydroxyurea and busulfan has no marked influence on its course or duration. Interferon (IFN) alpha administration has, on the other hand, been shown to induce not only a haematological but also cytogenetic response, i.e. partial or complete bone marrow repopulation by Ph-negative cells. This has triggered studies comparing IFN and conventional chemotherapy. The present work had the purpose to gain experience with IFN alpha treatment and compare the results with hydroxyurea and busulfan treatment, in the chronic phase of CML. METHODS AND RESULTS: Therapeutic results obtained in 30 patients given IFN alpha and 30 others given conventional chemotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. In spite of the short time of IFN administration (4-27 months), significantly more complete haematological responses (83%) were observed in this than the conventional chemotherapy group (57%). Cytogenetic responses were achieved in 36%, complete cytogenetic remission in 20% of IFN-treated patients. Conventional chemotherapy produced no cytogenetic effect. CONCLUSION: The results obtained confirm the value and efficacy of IFN-alpha treatment in CML patients, especially if it is started early and the dose is effective. Regular cytogenetic monitoring is necessary. Longer follow-up of the patients will be necessary for evaluation of the IFN effect on the length of their survival.

Adult↗