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Biomedical subjects

J Catalan

Publications and source records attributed to J Catalan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Low sexual desire: sex therapy results and prognostic factors.

In a prospective study of 60 couples who entered sex therapy because of the female partners' low sexual desire, 38 (63.3%) completed treatment and 34 (56.7%) had a positive outcome. The principal predictor of completion of treatment was the male partners' apparent motivation at the outset. Poorer outcome was associated with younger age of the couple (especially the male partner) and a shorter duration of the sexual problem. Surprisingly, few aspects of the couples' general relationships prior to treatment were related to outcome, except for poorer outcome being associated with a history of previous separations. The apparent lack of significant contribution of general relationship factors and psychopathology to outcome probably reflects the stringency of the initial selection process. Eventual outcome was also related to couples' progress by the third treatment session. The modest outcome of treatment for low sexual desire in this and other studies emphasises the need for further understanding of factors which contribute to this problem and for the development of novel treatment strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a brief psychological treatment for emotional disorders in primary care.

A randomized trial in general practice compared: (i) a brief psychological treatment (problem-solving) given by a psychiatrist; (ii) any treatment of the GP's choice, whether psychological or pharmacological. The patients had recent onset emotional disorders of poor prognosis. Patients in the problem-solving group showed significantly greater reductions in symptoms. Problem-solving as given by a psychiatrist was feasible in primary care and acceptable to patients. Problem-solving is now being evaluated as given by general practitioners trained in the method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Neuroscience of HIV infection: basic and clinical frontiers.

Whilst this conference presented no new or exciting breakthroughs in our understanding of the psychosocial or neuropsychological aspects of HIV disease, there were some useful contributions to our knowledge in these areas. Previous work suggesting that HIV seropositive individuals with HIV are no more likely to suffer poor psychosocial adjustment than matched HIV-controls. However, where psychiatric disorders are seen, the most common are adjustment disorders followed by drug and alcohol abuse. Mania, whilst quite rare, may be more commonly seen with HIV than should be expected. People with asymptomatic HIV infection appear to be no more likely to show a cognitive deficit than matched HIV-individuals and this appears to be equally true for gay men, intra-venous drug users and people with haemophilia. However, as the disease progresses, neuropsychological impairment, or even dementia, may be seen and when this occurs the pattern of decline appears to be precipitous rather than insidious.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of psychiatric morbidity in patients attending a colposcopy clinic situated in a genitourinary medicine clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the adverse psychological implications of referral for colposcopic screening within a genitourinary medicine clinic. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. SETTING: A colposcopy clinic held within a genitourinary medicine clinic. SUBJECTS: 160 consecutive women referred to the clinic were assessed for psychiatric morbidity using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Women were referred to the colposcopy clinic because of one or more of the following: abnormal cervical cytology, condylomata acuminata, HIV antibody positivity. A history of prior local ablative therapy to the cervix was also included in the analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference in psychiatric morbidity, as detected by the GHQ-28, in women referred to the clinic because of abnormal cervical cytology or condylomata acuminata. The total GHQ-28 scores indicated a significant increase in psychiatric morbidity, with increased sub-scores indicating social dysfunction, anxiety and somatic symptoms, in women who had had prior laser therapy to the cervix. Women with HIV infection attending the clinic were noted to have an increase in GHQ-28 sub-scores indicating social dysfunction and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Women who have undergone laser therapy to the cervix may benefit from psychological evaluation and supportive measures if they develop further genital lesions which require colposcopic evaluation. Women with HIV infection need further psychological evaluation prior to planning intervention and preventative strategies.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Psychiatric manifestations of HIV disease.

This chapter contains a detailed description of the range of psychiatric problems likely to present in HIV patients and their relatives, and a discussion of the principles of psychiatric management. Psychosocial problems at the various disease stages are reviewed, including those at the time of HIV testing, and in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Mania and schizophrenia-like syndromes are discussed, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders occurring in early and advanced HIV disease. The impact of HIV disease on relatives and professional carers is reviewed. The role of physicians and nurses in the psychological care of HIV patients is outlined, together with the role of mental health specialists. Basic information about the recognition and treatment of major psychiatric syndromes is provided. Finally, issues involved in supporting staff working with HIV patients are discussed.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1990

Voluntary HIV testing in the antenatal clinic: differing uptake rates for individual counselling midwives.

This study looked at 12 midwives in the Riverside Health Authority who counselled parturient women about having the HIV antibody test. Results showed that the uptake rate of the test varied considerably across midwives (82% to 3%). Uptake rate varied, to some extent, by ethnic group of the midwife; Afro-Caribbeans having 36% uptake, others 11%. However, the wide variation within these groups suggests that ethnicity alone does not explain the difference in uptake rate. Factors which could be associated with uptake rate are the individual characteristics of both the midwife and of the antenatal clinic attender, such as age, ethnicity, knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and antibody testing, as well as the counselling approach of the individual midwife.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

Couples referred to a sexual dysfunction clinic. Psychological and physical morbidity.

Two hundred couples referred to a sexual problems clinic were assessed in a standardised way for their suitability for sex therapy. The assessment focused on the nature of the sexual dysfunction, motivation for treatment, marital and relationship problems, psychiatric status, and physical problems. Approximately one-third of the couples were found to have significant marital and relationship problems, and more than 30% were suffering from psychiatric disorders, although these were usually of mild to moderate intensity. A third of males and 18% of females were suffering from physical disorders likely to contribute to the sexual dysfunction. Patients who were offered sex therapy and who completed their course of treatment were more likely to show high levels of motivation and an absence of physical disorders, marital relationship problems and psychiatric disorder. There should be careful assessment of couples suffering from sexual dysfunction before specific treatment is offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The modified Schollner costoplasty.

The modified Schollner costoplasty is a cosmetic procedure for the correction of rib prominence deformity in scoliosis. We present the results of the procedure in 21 patients who had previously undergone spinal fusion for scoliosis. We found the procedure to be well tolerated without major complications. Objective cosmetic improvement was achieved in all but one case. All but one patient considered the procedure to have been of cosmetic benefit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Variations of a Y chromosome repeated sequence across subspecies of Mus musculus.

The complex species Mus musculus is widespread in Eurasia and consists of four parapatric genetical entities (subspecies) that have recently radiated. Two of them (M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus) are known to interact through a narrow zone of hybridisation across which autosomal and mitochondrial exchanges are very limited and Y chromosome exchange is absent. We extend here the study of this group by the genetical analysis of 22 Asian strains of various origins (China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines and Indonesia). A survey of protein variation at ten polymorphic loci confirmed that these animals belong to either the subspecies M. m. musculus (northern type in Asia, ranging westwards to Eastern Europe) or to M. m. castaneus (southern Asian type) and revealed a certain degree of intergradation between the two taxa. Y chromosome variations were assessed in these strains using a Y specific DNA probe representing part of a small multigene family and also in four M. m. domesticus (the Western European house mouse) strains of various origins and one M. m. bactrianus (from Pakistan). Musculus and castaneus were identically monomorphic for one type of organisation of this Y repeated family, while domesticus and bactrianus were very similar to each other, showing slightly different types of organisation. Introgression of a bactrianus Y chromosome into the territory of castaneus was found in Indonesia. The present distribution of the Y types among the four subspecies is not phylogenetically concordant with the known distributions of autosomal and mitochondrial variants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Genetical variation and polyphyletic origin in Japanese Mus musculus.

Previous reports of mitochondrial DNA variation in Japanese mice have revealed the occurrence of two components, a M. m. musculus mtDNA type in central Japan and a M. m. castaneus one at both northern and southern ends. In the present study, we explore the genetic composition of nuclear genes from Japanese wild mice. Protein electrophoresis at 16 polymorphic loci was used to characterise mice from 20 localities and to compare them with samples from the surrounding countries. The results revealed a predominant M. m. musculus nuclear gene component on the main Japanese Islands. A M. m. castaneus contribution was detectable in south Kyushu, but, interestingly, not evident in Northern Honshu were the castaneus mtDNA predominates. On the other hand, the mouse populations from Ogasawara (Chichi Islands) showed a threefold origin with a strong M. m. domesticus component, probably resulting from a very recent admixture. This clearcut example of reticulate evolution, which does not give rise to an homogeneous gene distribution, is however very different from the situation observed in the European hybrid zone. This raises questions concerning the mechanisms that either impede or favour gene admixture when differentiated gene pools are brought together.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Knowledge and attitudes of health care staff about HIV infection in a health district with low HIV prevalence.

The level of awareness of HIV related problems and their implications for health workers were investigated in Oxford, where the problem of HIV infection has not reached the levels of other metropolitan areas. Four hundred nurses and doctors in Oxford were surveyed to ascertain their knowledge about HIV infection, their attitudes to care of HIV patients, and to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes. The response rate was 64%. Professional groups differed in their knowledge and attitudes, and staff lacked some basic information about HIV transmission and safety relevant to hospital care. Accurate knowledge about HIV infection and positive attitudes to the care of HIV patients were highly correlated. However, anxiety about HIV infection, which could interfere with the optimum care of patients, affected one quarter of staff surveyed. Implications for staff training are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Paedophilia and hyperprolactinaemia.

The case of a man presenting with paedophilia who has found to be hyperprolactinaemic is described. There is possibly a link between paedophilia and endocrine disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Women and HIV disease.

Women are vulnerable to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and are now contracting the disease at a faster rate than men. However, many are ignorant of their potential risk of infection and it is only recently that the scientific community has begun to look at human immunovirus (HIV) infection in women. The media and statistical reporting still lag behind.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗