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Biomedical subjects

J Castillo

Publications and source records attributed to J Castillo.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Publications derived from free communications at the XX Congress of the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Spanish Association (Anesthesia 92)].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the publication in MEDLINE-indexed journals of articles derived from free presentations at the Twentieth Congress of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology (SEDAR) (Anestesia 92) held in 1992. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two of the authors independently investigated the publication of research presented at Anestesia 92 in MEDLINE-indexed journals, carrying out a search of authors' names between 1990 and 1998 with no restrictions on language or type of publication. We obtained year of publication and names of journals and extracted the abstracts, then analyzing the number and order of authors, content and time elapsing between the congress and publication. RESULTS: Eighty-four articles (17.1%) were published based on 491 congress presentations, with a mean time to publication of 1.8 years (range -2 to 6). Journals specializing in anesthesiology published 79.8%, and Revista Espanola de Anestesiología y Reanimación published 59.5%. Different authors were listed for published articles and congress presentations in 92.9% and the first author had changed in 35.7%. The content of a published article was similar to that of the congress presentation in 46% and scope was reduced for publication in 35.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Few publications were derived from free presentations at Anestesia 92 and major changes were made in authors and content between congress presentation and publication.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2000

[Study of macrolide-resistant genes in group C and G streptococci].

In the present study we investigated the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance in 47 clinical isolates of group C beta-hemolytic streptococci and 17 group G streptococci. Resistance to erythromycin was found in 31.6%; and 47%, respectively. On the basis of the erythromycin-clindamycin double-disk test, all strains were assigned to the MLSB phenotype. None of the strains were of the M phenotype. The distribution of the erythromycin-resistant genes were studied by dot blot hybridization and PCR. Resistance to erythromycin was due to the presence of mefA, ermB and ermTR genes. The ermTR gene was predominant among the group C and G streptococci (90% of the strains). Different mechanisms of erythromycin resistance predominate in group C and G streptococci than in Streptococcus pyogenes where there is an association between erythromycin resistance and active-efflux mechanism. Two of the strains harbored more than one erythromycin-resistant gene.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Cervical thymic anomalies.

Because of its infrequent occurrence, cervical thymic tissue is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses. Consequently, diagnosis is most often made by pathologic examination of the excised specimen. The preponderance of reported patients have been children and adolescents, typically asymptomatic. The clinical presentation, evaluation and surgical management of five new cases of cervical thymic anomalies ranging from infancy to adulthood are described. The authors also review the embryology and histopathology of these lesions and discuss their recommended approach to the evaluation and management of cervical thymic anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Information seeking and decision making in asthmatic patients].

Patient cooperation in controlling asthma is a key element for achieving the most efficient therapy possible according to current guidelines. Cooperation requires that the patient be adequately informed about his disease and able to make certain decisions. The aim of this study was to analyze whether patients really desire information about asthma and to what point they are disposed to cooperate actively in managing their disease. Ninety-five adult asthmatics with different levels of severity of disease were studied in stable condition. All responded to the Spanish version of the questionnaire on autonomy in asthma, an instrument with a scoring range of 0 to 100 and 26 items grouped in two subscales: preferences in the search for information (PSI) and preferences in decision making (PDM). The second subscale was based on three scenarios describing stable asthma, slight exacerbation and severe exacerbation. The results obtained indicate that although patients are greatly interested in receiving information (PSI scores of 86.4 +/- 8.7) they express substantially less desire to make decisions (PDM 45 +/- 10.2) (p < 0.01). Attitudes did not change in relation to education, number of exacerbations during the last year, duration of disease or severity as assessed by the patient. Only patient age (with older patients scoring higher on PSI) and presence of severe asthma (according to consensus guidelines) increased the desire for information (but not the preference for decision making). These data indicate the need to implement educational programs about asthma, components of which promote effective desire for self-management.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Kaplan Award 1998. Epidemiology of chronic daily headache in the general population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although chronic daily headache, mainly transformed migraine, is an important reason for consultation in headache clinics, its actual prevalence is unknown. This study analyzes the prevalence of the different types of chronic daily headache in an unselected population. METHODS: A questionnaire exploring headache frequency was distributed to 2252 unselected subjects. Those having headache 10 or more days per month were given a headache diary and were seen by a neurologist who classified their headaches. The varieties of chronic daily headache were classified according to the second revision of IHS criteria proposed by Silberstein et al published in Neurology 1996;47:871. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 1883 subjects (83.5%). One hundred thirty-five admitted to headache 10 or more days per month. Chronic daily headache criteria were fulfilled by 89 individuals (4.7%). Eighty were women. Forty-two (47.2% of subjects with chronic daily headache and 2.2% of all subjects) had chronic tension-type headache. Analgesic overuse was found in 8 (17%). Transformed migraine was diagnosed in 45 (50.6% of subjects with chronic daily headache and 2.4% of all subjects). Fourteen (31.1%) individuals with this form of chronic daily headache overused ergots or analgesics. The remaining 2 cases in this series met the criteria of new daily persistent headache. No one was diagnosed as having hemicrania continua. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 5% of the general population (9% of women) suffers from chronic daily headache, the proportion of chronic tension-type headache and transformed migraine being quite similar. Less than one third overuse analgesics. The prevalence of chronic daily headache subtypes shown here differs from data obtained from headache clinics, emphasizing that caution is needed in extrapolating data from specialized units to the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke: potential predictors and associated factors in the European cooperative acute stroke study (ECASS) I.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to identify potential predictors of and factors associated with early and late progression in acute stroke. We performed secondary analysis of the clinical, biochemical, and radiological data recorded in the acute phase of stroke patients enrolled in the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) I. METHODS: Early progressing stroke (EPS) was diagnosed when there was a decrease of > or = 2 points in consciousness or motor power or a decrease of > or = 3 points in speech scores in the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale from baseline to the 24-hour evaluation, and late progressing stroke (LPS) was diagnosed when 1 of these decreases occurred between the 24-hour evaluation and the evaluation at day 7. Using logistic regression analyses, we looked for baseline variables that predicted EPS and LPS and for factors measured after the early or late acute phase and associated with the 2 clinical courses. RESULTS: Of the 615 patients studied, 231 (37.5%) worsened during the first 24 hours after inclusion. The overall incidence of EPS was 37% in the placebo group and 38% in the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator group (P=0.68, Fisher's Exact Test). Focal hypodensity (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 2.9) and hyperdensity of the middle cerebral artery sign (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1) on baseline computed tomography, longer delay until treatment (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1. 4) and history of coronary heart disease (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2. 8) and diabetes (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.1) were independent prognostic factors for EPS. Extent of hypodensity >33% in the middle cerebral artery territory (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.0) and brain swelling (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.2) on CT at 24 hours but not hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarct nor decrease in systolic blood pressure within the first 24 hours after treatment were associated with EPS in multivariate analyses. LPS was observed in 20.3% of patients. Older age, a low neurological score, and brain swelling at admission independently predicted late worsening. CONCLUSION: In the setting of a multicenter trial, EPS and LPS are mainly related to computed tomographic signs of cerebral edema. Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, hemorrhagic transformation, and moderate changes in systolic blood pressure did not influence the early clinical course.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Application of the POSSUM system in bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: The POSSUM system has been devised for physiologic and operative scoring. The scoring system produced assessment for morbidity and mortality rates, which did not significantly differ from observed rates. The authors have applied this system to bariatric surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 20 patients were scored by the POSSUM system. All underwent elective bariatric surgery during 1997. All patients were scored at the time of surgery with the physiologic score (FIS) and at discharge with the operative severity score (IQ). The FIS score included age; cardiac signs; chest radiograph; respiratory history; blood pressure; pulse; Glasgow coma score; determinations of hemoglobin, leukocyte, urea, sodium, and potassium levels; and electrocardiogram. The IQ score included multiple procedures, total blood loss, peritoneal soiling, presence of malignancy, and mode of surgery. RESULTS: The mean POSSUM score was 23.9. The mean FIS was 13.95 (12-22), and the mean IQ was 9.4 (7-16). The distribution of patients was performed for BMI. The group with BMI 35-45 (n = 4 patients) had a mean POSSUM score of 22.75, a mean FIS of 13.75, and a mean IQ of 9.0. The group with BMI >45 (n = 16 patients) had a mean POSSUM score of 24.18, a mean FIS of 14.62, and a mean IQ of 9.5. The morbidities were gastric fistula with peritonitis and deep venous thrombosis. The two complications had similar POSSUM scores with different BMIs. No mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS: According to this experience, the POSSUM scoring system appears to provide an indicator of minor risk of morbidity and mortality in bariatric surgery with vertical banded gastroplasty.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1999

[Mechanisms of progression of cerebral infarction].

The progression of neurologic symptomatology in the first 48 hours after cerebral infarction appears in more than one third of the patients causing greater morbidity and mortality. Early detection of neurologic deterioration, identification of the predictive factors of worsening and knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible and their correction make up the basis of the most effective therapy in cerebral infarction. Different hemodynamic alterations (progressive occlusion and growth of the thrombus, insufficiency of colateral circulation, arterial hypotension, etc.) influence, although to different degrees in each patient, in all progressive infarctions. These mechanisms sequentially and progressively condition the necrosis of the areas of ischemic shadow and how new peripheral areas of healthy cerebral tissue are included in the ischemic region, progressively increasing the intensity or the extension of the neurologic manifestations.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

[Central pontine myelinolysis induced by hyperemesis gravidarum].

An 18-year-old woman in her first pregnancy with hyperemesis gravidarum, presented dehydration, without hyponatremia. She was confused with profound disorientation, apathy, and drowsiness. She presented upbeating nistagmus on upward gaze and gate ataxia recognised as Wernicke's encephalopathy. Laboratory tests demonstrated hypokalemia, hypernatremia and aminotransferase elevation. The serum osmolality was 319 mOsm/kg and the water deficiency 2.73 l. The patient developed weakness in the four limbs, with hypotonicity, absence of tendon reflexes and showed bilateral Babinski signs. A T2 weighted sagittal cranial-magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high signal within mid-pons suggesting central pontine myelinolysis. In this case we highlight the absence of hyponatremia. Furthermore, the central pontine myelinolysis was probably secondary to hypokalemia, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Biochemistry of cerebral ischemia].

The fall in cerebral blood flow beneath certain critical values causes a rapid depletion in energy together with changes in cerebral function, and sets off a complex chain of biochemical changes that cause cell death. These biochemical changes depend fundamentally on two mechanisms: the development of acidosis and the entry of ionic calcium into the cell. The rise in intracellular calcium activates the phospholipases, proteases, and nitric oxide synthetases, and initiates the immediate early genes expression. Knowledge of these mechanisms and the possibility of modifying the chain of events leading to cell death constitute the basis of neuroprotection.

Acidosis, Lactic↗