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Biomedical subjects

J Carson

Publications and source records attributed to J Carson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The inhibition by ionophores in vitro of an Enterococcus-like pathogen of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Streptococcosis is a major disease of several fish species in Australia, Japan and South Africa. The minimum inhibitory concentration of some ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) was determined in vitro for an Enterococcus-like species pathogenic for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Australia. Forty isolates of the fish pathogen were tested, together with control strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Streptococcus bovis ATCC 9809. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of erythromycin, the drug of choice for controlling streptococcosis, ranged between 0.1 and 0.8 microgram/ml whereas the MIC values for the ionophores ranged between 0.2 and 1.5 micrograms/ml. Of the ionophores tested, narasin was the most inhibitory (0.2-0.4 microgram/ml), while monensin was the least inhibitory (0.4-1.5 micrograms/ml). Salinomycin was marginally more inhibitory (0.4-0.8 microgram/ml) than lasalocid (0.8 microgram/ml).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dupuytren's contracture in pensioners at the Royal Hospital Chelsea.

Dupuytren's disease of the hands was present in 55 (13.75%) of the 400 elderly ex-servicemen living at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. Five men (9.1%) reported the condition in either a parent or sibling, but none was aware of an affected child. The prevalence of heavy drinking, non-insulin dependent diabetes or manual occupation was statistically the same in those with or without the condition. Overall, both hands were equally affected, but they differed in severity in 29 men. In milder cases the left hand was the more severely affected (grades 1 and 2); the reverse was true when the difference in severity was greater (grade 3). Since the original description of Dupuytren's disease [1] attempts have been made to link it with a variety of other conditions. These have included trauma, alcoholism and cirrhosis, [2] epilepsy [3] and diabetes mellitus [4]. A genetic link is accepted [5]. The condition is more common in men than women and becomes increasingly common with advancing age [6]. The prevalence in elderly men has been reported as high as 28.9%, rising to 64.3% in surveys of affected families [7]. There are still many physicians who, with a knowing wink when they spot that one of their patients has a Dupuytren's contracture, mentally register that he is an alcoholic. This paper is an attempt to disprove this fairy story. It describes a survey of Dupuytren's disease in a population of elderly men drawn from all parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Patient voices.

Patients and nurses at a psychiatric hospital were asked which aspects of care they rated most highly. The results showed that the two groups had very different perceptions. Tonmoy Sharma and colleagues report their findings and the implications.

England↗
PubMed1992

Serological responses and immunity produced in salmonids by vaccination with Australian strains of Vibrio anguillarum.

The Australian populations of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were found to have similar immunological responses to local strains of Vibrio anguillarum as those reported for the more genetically diverse populations of these fish and strains of V. anguillarum found in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, our studies more precisely defined the respective responses of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon to immersion vaccination by the bath and dip methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Freon injection injury to the hand. A report of four cases.

During a 6-month period, the poison center was consulted on three occasions for advice regarding accidental injection of hexafluorethane (Freon) used in the manufacturing process of athletic shoes. A fourth case was later identified after consulting physicians near the manufacturing facility. Little information exists in the medical literature concerning injection of freon or other volatile substances. In each of these cases, workers inadvertently injected concentrated hexafluorethane into a finger while holding the shoe component and attempting to inject hexafluorethane. Each case presented with edema, limitation of motion, and crepitation. Hand roentgenogram revealed subcutaneous gas. Treatment was nonsurgical, consisting of splinting, tetanus immunization, and antibiotics. Rapid resolution of symptoms occurred in all four cases. Hexafluorethane is relatively inert when injected and has low toxicity. However, potential rapid expansion warrants observation for pressure injury.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D). DESIGN: Recent studies suggest that Ca-regulating hormones may contribute to the genesis of hypertension. We determined systemic and regional hemodynamics 24 h after administration of 1,25-D or vehicle to normal conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, to dissociate the vascular effects of 1,25-D from changes in serum ionized Ca2+, 1,25-D and vehicle were administered to rats maintained for 3 days on a low-Ca diet. To evaluate the effect of the slight rise in serum ionized Ca2+ with 1,25-D administration, we infused CaCl or vehicle over 1 h into normal rats to raise the serum Ca2+ to near that of rats treated with 1,25-D. METHODS: The radioactive microsphere technique was used. RESULTS: Systemic hemodynamics (blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and stroke volume) did not differ between the two groups receiving a normal-Ca diet. In these rats 1,25-D significantly decreased renal blood flow (RBF), increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) and slightly increased serum ionized Ca2+. Similarly, in rats receiving a low-Ca diet, 1,25-D administration decreased renal blood flow, increased renal vascular resistance and caused only a minimal increase in serum ionized Ca2+. A low-Ca diet also increased heart rate, cardiac blood flow and renal blood flow. Although CaCl infusion raised serum ionized Ca2+, blood pressure, renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: 1,25-D may constrict the renal vasculature directly or indirectly by enhancing the vascular sensitivity to circulating vasoconstrictors.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Decreased spinal cord content of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), produced by alternative processing of the primary transcript of the calcitonin gene, is a potent vasodilator. We have shown that dietary calcium deficiency accompanied by decreased serum ionized calcium significantly decreases the neuronal content of CGRP in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the growing rat. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is characterized by decreased serum ionized calcium levels and is thought to most closely resemble human essential hypertension. To determine if the neuronal content of CGRP is decreased in the SHR compared to the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) parent strain, CGRP was localized immunocytochemically in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The density of immunocytochemical staining was quantitated by computer-assisted image processing of laminae I and II of the upper thoracic spinal cord of 12-14 week old male SHR (n = 4) and WKY (n = 4) normotensive, control rats. The SHR had significantly decreased neuronal CGRP content compared to the WKY rats (107 +/- 5 vs 121 +/- 6 arbitrary units, P less than 0.01). In contrast, the neuronal density of substance P (SP), which frequently co-exists with CGRP in this neuronal population, was not different between the two groups (SHR, 91 +/- 6 (n = 4) vs WKY, 88 +/- 3 arbitrary units (n = 4)).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A case of insect borne tularemia above the tree line.

A case of insect borne transmission of ulceroglandular tularemia in Canada above the tree line is presented. It seems likely from the available entomological data that a mosquito was the vector in this case. Mosquito vectors may be important in inducing the high seroprevalence of antibodies to F. tularensis above the treeline. This case is presented to make clinicians aware of the possibility of tularemia in cases of insect borne ulceroglandular disease in the arctic and, the necessity of measuring tularemia agglutinins in these patients. It should be noted that isolation of this organism poses a risk to laboratory personnel, and therefore should only be attempted in a reference laboratory. Therefore the diagnosis is based upon the finding, in the appropriate clinical context, of a four-fold rise in the tularemia agglutinins, or a single convalescent titre of 1:160 or greater.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In gear for growth.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1989

Which patients first: a study from the closure of a large psychiatric hospital.

The decision to close down large psychiatric hospitals has led to many districts determining current patient dependency levels by conducting surveys of their hospital inpatient populations. This paper reports on the Claybury Hospital survey, which used Baker and Hall's REHAB scale to measure the level of patient functioning. The 641 patients assessed comprised the total long-stay and elderly, mentally-ill population of the hospital, excluding only patients on admission wards. Of these, 403 (63%) patients were in the 'severe handicap' category. In contrast, only 97 (15%) had 'potential for discharge'. A comparison of Claybury scores with those from other hospitals suggests that Claybury patients function at a lower level. Evidence is presented of 'creaming off' with respect to how one particular district has chosen patients, and this leaves behind an increasingly disabled hard core of patients. These findings are discussed and compared with other similar studies, and with respect to the Government's care in the Community policy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Neglect contributing to tertiary hospitalization in childhood asthma.

Clinical experience demonstrates that many chronically ill children have an unstable course of illness ending in tertiary care, not because of extraordinary disease, but because they come from dysfunctional and neglectful households. Families frequently cannot or will not adapt to the demands of their chronically ill child. This study substantiates the extent to which neglect and family dysfunction have contributed to the need for hospitalization of asthmatic children at National Jewish. Neglect accelerates the cycle of morbidity and stress associated with illness. Using a measure of global functioning, we demonstrate a psychologic morbidity associated with medical neglect. We discuss children at imminent risk in their home environment and the process of seeking alternative placements. We acknowledge gaps in delivery of health care to this difficult, treatment-resistant population and encourage development of day treatment and home outreach programs.

Asthma↗