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J Carruthers

Publications and source records attributed to J Carruthers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Clinical indications and injection technique for the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin.

BACKGROUND: Some wrinkles and unsightly facial expressions are due to overactivity of the underlying facial musculature. Botulinum A exotoxin reversably paralyses selected muscles. Botulinum toxin has been used to correct facial cosmetic concerns. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the authors' experience with the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin. The areas that can be treated, the appropriate technique for each area and special considerations such as dose, dilution, and relevant anatomy are discussed. RESULTS: Our results have been published previously and are referenced in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin is safe and effective in the management of some facial lines and wrinkles. Its use is associated with a high degree of patient and physician satisfaction.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed1998

The adjunctive usage of botulinum toxin.

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin is a safe, helpful adjunct to many other treatments for facial rejuvenation. Used together, the final result is more polished and refined. In addition, botulinum toxin can be used to maintain the surgical laser results by preventing dynamic facial muscular action re-establishing expressive wrinkles and folds. OBJECTIVES: We describe the facial areas best treated with botulinum toxin and our adjunctive techniques so that the cosmetic physician can easily incorporate these into their practice. RESULTS: The aesthetic results are improved with the combination of botulinum toxin and the surgical or laser procedure over either modality alone. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that there are many new treatment options for combined therapy with botulinum toxin, laser resurfacing, and surgical procedure in periocular and facial rejuvenation that the aesthetic physician can easily incorporate into their practice.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of facial furrows and rhytides.

Many substances have historically been used to address facial soft tissue defects. Currently in the United States autologous fat and injectable bovine collagen are the most commonly utilized injectable fillers. Additionally, the judicious application of BOTOX in the upper face as well as neck has all but revolutionized the use of filling agents in these locales. While other agents are briefly mentioned, this is an in-depth review of the characteristics and application of autologous fat, bovine collagen.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Botox concerns.

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Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed1996

Bloodless castration of lambs: results of a questionnaire.

Interviews of nine flockmasters who used bloodless castrators to castrate lambs revealed wide variation in the size of castrator used and the techniques employed. Eight flockmasters used inappropriately sized instruments which were cumbersome to operate and probably applied excessive crushing pressures over an unnecessarily large area of the lambs' scrotums. The methods of restraining lambs were often inefficient in terms of labour requirement. In 11 of 15 flocks, some lambs were not properly castrated and in six flocks, instances of injury and death attributed to castration were reported. Evaluation of bloodless castrators showed that the crushing pressure applied by castrators even those of the same size could vary by over 100%. The requirement for further research into bloodless methods of castration is highlighted as is the urgent need for training for operators.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology.

Botulinum toxin (BT) prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and produces reversible paralysis of striated muscle. This effect was initially used for ophthalmologic indications, particularly strabismus. The idea of using the toxin for purely cosmetic purposes arose from the observation that therapy for facial dystonias markedly decreased lines and wrinkles in the treated areas. The ease of application, high safety profile, and impressive results from the cosmetic use of BT have led to its rapid acceptance by many clinicians. As use of BT increases and its indications expand, an understanding of this therapeutic modality is timely. This article discusses the pharmacologic aspects of BT as well as the methods for administration as they relate to its cosmetic use.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1996

Pediatric ophthalmology.

In the recent pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus literature, there have been some important papers. Topics have included ocular outcomes in children born before 32 weeks of gestation, a practical correlate of Teller visual acuities and visual behavior in a real environment in a severely handicapped child, and a debate on the indications and efficacy of population screening for amblyopia. New information on the creation of refractive errors by earlier eyelid closure than used previously and a new torsionometer represent new sensory information. New information about motor adaptations in strabismus includes a new evaluation of saccade disconjugacy in deep amblyopia and in anisometropia. Spasmus nutans may be a long-term rather than a self-limiting disease, and the debate on neuroimaging in this condition has been evaluated. A subtle predictor of outcome in the surgical treatment of partially accommodative esotropia is presented, as well as an important case report on the treatment of a metabolic cause of strabismus in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with coenzyme Q10. Finally, some information is presented on the treatment of hereditary retinal dystrophies with nonautologous retinal pigment epithelial cell transplants to the subretinal space of the dystrophic retina-the first experimental model of a successful biologic treatment of which I am aware and a possible indicator of future trends in human disease.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Botulinum toxin.

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Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1988

Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

We present the clinical manifestations and details of treatment and outcome for eight patients with squamous cell cancer arising in the thyroid gland, which is a rare entity. All patients had advanced disease, with primary tumors invading adjacent structures (the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels). In two patients, pulmonary metastases were also present. Six patients died 6 months or less after diagnosis, five from the effects of local disease. Transient palliation was obtained in four patients who underwent partial excision (three patients) and radical radiotherapy (one patient). Two patients remained free of disease at last follow-up more than 4 years after gross total tumor resection and radical radiotherapy and were presumably cured. One patient treated by partial resection and radical radiotherapy died from other causes 17 months later. His disease status was unknown. Complete excision with postoperative radiotherapy may be curative, and debulking followed by external irradiation may provide short-term palliation. Patients with unresectable tumors are best managed by supportive measures only unless a truly effective chemotherapeutic regimen is developed for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and age-related lower eyelid entropion.

Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used in the treatment of forty seven patients with benign essential blepharospasm, 11 patients with hemifacial spasm and 2 patients with age-related entropion. The treatment was effective in all three groups for an average of 3-4 months when symptoms recurred and repeated chemodenervation with toxin was needed. The commonest complication was transient ptosis with an overall frequency of 7.8%. This incidence increased to 11.1% with toxin doses higher than 25 units per orbicularis. The treatment was well accepted by the patients, who were subsequently able to return to pre-blepharospasm lifestyles.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Anterior segment ischemia treated with hyperbaric oxygen.

Anterior segment ischemia developed in a 62-year-old dysthyroid patient after two-muscle adjustable suture repair of vertical strabismus. Because of a quiescent pulmonary tuberculous focus he was not treated with systemic steroid therapy but rather with hyperbaric oxygen in the controlled environment of our hospital hyperbaric chamber. He tolerated this treatment well, and his acute symptoms almost completely resolved in 3 days. We believe this to be the first reported case of the use of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of anterior segment ischemia. We also believe it is the first reported case of anterior segment ischemia following surgery to two opposing, not contiguous, rectus muscles in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy.

Anterior Eye Segment↗