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Biomedical subjects

J Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to J Carroll.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of topical treatment with beta-aminopropionitrile after radial keratotomy in the rabbit.

This study assessed the effect of beta-aminopropionitrile treatment on the long-term curvature and compliance of corneal tissue subjected to radial keratotomy (RK). beta-Aminopropionitrile is known to inhibit cross-linking of collagen and is expected to enhance the flexibility of scar tissue, thereby reducing wound contracture and regression after RK. Seventeen adult New Zealand rabbits, weighing about 4.5 kg each, underwent RK in both eyes (eight incisions, 90% deep, 3-mm pupillary zone). Their mean preoperative corneal curvature was 44.25 diopters (+/- 0.32D at 95% confidence level). Nine of the rabbits were treated topically with beta-aminopropionitrile ointment (33 weight % in petroleum three times daily), while the control group received the petrolatum base only. The remainder of the animals received bland petrolatum gel as a control. The animals were given periodic keratometric examinations and were killed after six to eight weeks. At that time, the beta-aminopropionitrile group showed a mean reduction of 1.85 +/- 0.13 D in corneal curvature, compared with 1.18 +/- 0.08 D in the control group. The compliance and strength of the corneas were measured in vitro immediately after death. In the pressure range from 10 to 40 mm Hg, the beta-aminopropionitrile-treated corneas changed in curvature by an average of 1.4 D as compared with 0.5-D flattening for the controls. These results indicate the effectiveness of beta-aminopropionitrile treatment in enhancing longterm compliance and reducing refractive regression after RK.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Borderline personality disorder and the MMPI.

Fourteen patients diagnosed as borderline on the basis of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines obtained a mean group profile of 8-2-7 similar in configuration, but more elevated than that obtained by a group of 7 diagnostically heterogeneous controls. The borderline patients manifested significantly greater hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria, slightly more schizotypal features, a more deviant self-presentation, and lesser defensiveness. However, considerable heterogeneity in symptomatology was found within the borderline subsample. Further, clinical scales comprised of a higher proportion of relatively subtle and presumably less structured items did not discriminate borderline from control patients more effectively than did those scales made up of a lower proportion of such items. The results offer partial support for the construct validity of the borderline syndrome and for the usefulness of the MMPI in differentiating it from other psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The geriatric patient in ecological perspective.

A hallmark of family medicine is the concern for the individual in the context of family and local community. For the geriatric patient in particular, these concerns far exceed the capabilities of the traditional biomedical model. A problem-solving approach to clinical problems is proposed which extends beyond pathophysiology to include biographical and ecological considerations. A case of an older couple is presented that serves to illustrate the importance of a multilevel approach to patient care and management.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

K+-evoked [3H]-5-HT release from rat frontal cortex slices: the effect of 5-HT agonists and antagonists.

The pharmacological characteristics of a pre-junctional 5-HT autoreceptor have been studied by following the Ca2+-dependent, K+-evoked release of [3H]-5-HT from preloaded rat frontal cortex slices. Added 5-HT, in the presence of the 5-HT uptake inhibitor chlorimipramine, caused a dose related inhibition of the K+-evoked release of [3H]-5-HT in this system as did the 5-HT analogues 5-methoxytryptamine, N-methyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-NN'-dimethyltryptamine, N-methyl 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine. The inhibitory effect of 1 microM 5-HT on the K+-evoked release of [3H]-5-HT was reversed in a dose-related manner by the 5-HT antagonist drug, methiothepin (pA10 value 6.7). At a concentration of 1 microM, the 5-HT antagonists drugs cinanserin and mianserin produced a small but significant reversal of the 5-HT induced inhibition of K+-evoked [3H]-5-HT release, but methysergide, metergoline and cyproheptadine were completely without effect at this concentration. The results are interpreted as evidence for a pre-junctional autoreceptor for 5-HT in the frontal cortex of the rat with a different pharmacological specificity for 5-HT antagonists from previously studied 5-HT receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Self-mutilation and the borderline personality.

As part of a larger study of pathological self-injury, 14 self-mutilators and 14 psychiatric controls matched for age, sex, and inpatient/outpatient status were administered the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. Consistent with Gunderson's theory of borderline personality disorder, the self-mutilators scored significantly higher on impulse-action patterns, affects, psychoticism, and interpersonal relations as well as on the total borderline index. A review of clinical records likewise revealed that self-mutilators were more likely than controls to have been diagnosed as borderline and to have received a greater number of different diagnoses during their treatment career. The results have implications for developmental theory, diagnosis, and treatment and provide support for the construct validity and clinical utility of the borderline syndrome and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of various anti-inflammatory drugs on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats.

The effects of some commonly used anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic drugs on the inflammatory and immunological manifestations of type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats were studied. Among the anti-inflammatory drugs tested at a given dosage (mg/kg/day), benoxaprofen (10), aspirin (25) and indomethacin (3) inhibited the hind paw swelling and anti-type II collagen antibody formation in type II collagen-treated rats. Benoxaprofen also inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to type II collagen. Phenylbutazone (30) and fenoprofen (40) partially suppressed the paw swelling, but had no significant effect on humoral and cellular responses. Among the other anti-arthritic drugs, levamisol (25), chloroquine (25) and D-penicillamine significantly suppressed the paw swelling, anti-type II collagen antibody titres and DTH response. Gold chlorophosphene (10) and colchicine (3) had no effect on any of these three parameters. Paramethasone (0.1), cyclophosphamide (1) and azathioprine (10) were very effective when dosed daily, or once (at a different dose) 72 hr prior to immunization with type II collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

5 alpha-Dihydro-11-deoxycorticosterone: effect on blood pressure in the rat.

The bioactivity of 5 alpha-reduced sex steroids such as 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone has increased interest in an analogous role for 5 alpha-reduced mineralocorticoids in hypertensive syndromes. In view of its relatively high mineralocorticoid receptor affinity despite relatively low electrolyte-altering effects, 5-alpha-dihydro-11-deoxycorticosterone, or 5 alpha DHDOC (2) was compared to 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) for blood pressure-altering ability by continuous subcutaneous infusion into uninephrectomized saline-drinking Sprague-Dawley male rats, at doses selected on the basis of relative mineralocorticoid receptor affinity. After three weeks of treatment, DOCA significantly raised blood pressure, body weight, heart and kidney weight, and produced a discernible increase in fluid intake; 5 alpha DHDOC failed to affect any of these parameters commonly influenced by mineralocorticoids. We conclude that 1) the ability of 5 alpha DHDOC to affect blood pressure was not predicted by its relatively high affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor, and 2) these data do not support a role for 5 alpha DHDOC in mineralocorticoid hypertension, although differences in protein binding and clearance could affect its blood pressure-altering activity.

Animals↗