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J Carballido

Publications and source records attributed to J Carballido.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Defective functional response to membrane stimuli in lymphocytes from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a local disturbance in the prostate that may involve an inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. The activation and proliferative response of T lymphocytes to different mitogenic signals has been analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 45 patients with BPH and 55 healthy controls. The PBMC obtained from the patients showed a significant specific impairment in proliferation, CD25 expression and IL-2 production in response to stimulation with lectins (phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A)), that was not corrected by the addition of IL-2 or of phorbol esters (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)). Also, the CD28 response was defective in patient PBMC. Activation with anti-CD3 or anti-CD2 MoAbs was normal, but the addition of PMA to these stimuli provoked a significant defective response. Only the use of transmembrane stimuli (PMA and ionomycin) elicited responses similar to those found in the control group. The results indicate that peripheral T lymphocytes from BPH patients show a functional impairment that is mainly explained by an alteration of membrane signals (PHA, CD28) and is distal to protein kinase C (PKC) activation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The use of 25% glutaraldehyde solution to strengthen the aorta of patients with annuloaortic ectasia, ascending and aortic arch aneurysms.

Aortic friability is a problem of great concern and frustration for those performing operations on patients with ascending and arch aortic aneurysms, and particularly, on patients with annuloaortic ectasia. We have used 25% glutaraldehyde to successfully strengthen the distal aorta of three such patients. After the application, the aorta wall held sutures without tearing. Postoperative bleeding was minimal in each case. No neurological events were noticed, and all of the patients were discharged home within 2 weeks. The application of this tanning solution to such a friable aortic tissue should be considered as a helpful alternative to reduce postoperative bleeding, which is the most common complication after this type of surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Urinary interleukin-1 alpha levels are increased by intravesical instillation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Intravesical instillation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is a possible treatment for decreasing tumor recurrence after transurethral resection (TUR) in patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (stages pTa-pT1, grades 1-3). Our study confirms the theory that instillation of KLH stimulates production of cytokines, resulting in their secretion in urine. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulates the immune cascade through a domino effect and is produced mainly by activated macrophages. The instillation program was started 5-7 days after TUR of primary superficial cell carcinoma. 20 mg KLH in 20 ml of 0.9% NaCl was instilled into the bladder each week for 6 consecutive weeks and then monthly for 1 year. When KLH is instilled into the bladder, IL-1 alpha is secreted in the urine. A specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for analysis. The ELISA for IL-1 alpha was established in our laboratory and showed a detection limit of 5 pg/ml. This IL-1 alpha ELISA deviation amounts to 3-7% within a series of measurements, and 5-15% from series to series. In the therapy group the IL-1 alpha secretion ranged from 0 to 30,905 pg/24 h and in the control group from 0 (collection period) to 2,472 pg/4 h. IL-1 alpha production increased significantly after KLH instillation in bladder cancer patients; however, the level varied considerably from patient to patient. Maximum production was achieved within a period of 4-8 h, decreasing within 24 h. There was a striking difference between the amount of IL-1 alpha produced over the 24-hour period in the control group and that of the KLH group. 8 of 14 patients (57%) who responded to KLH therapy had higher urine IL-1 alpha levels after 6 weeks of KLH treatment than those who failed to respond within 12 months, but the levels were not of statistical significance. The secretion of IL-1 alpha in urine is the biological response of the bladder to the antigen stimulus of KLH. No IL-2 was detected in the urine samples. It remains to be determined whether no IL-2 cytokine was present, or whether the amount was smaller than the minimal detection limit required for the ELISA.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of 2 cases.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that often involves the cardiovascular system. Coronary artery narrowing in patients with lupus erythematosus is severe, progressive, and related to the duration of the disease rather than to the age of the patient. Steroid use in such patients has improved their life expectancy but seems to be increasing the incidence of coronary involvement. Consequently, a larger number of systemic lupus erythematosus patients may be candidates for myocardial revascularization in the future. We report our experience with myocardial revascularization in 2 women with severe systemic lupus erythematosus, incapacitating angina, and severe obstructive coronary artery disease. One of the women required balloon angioplasty 19 months after coronary artery bypass grafting and remains asymptomatic nearly 3 years later. The other patient is free of symptoms 9 months after surgery. Our results with these 2 patients are encouraging. Long-term follow-up should yield further information regarding the benefits of myocardial revascularization and coronary angioplasty in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical experience with the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with subcutaneous interleukin-2r (IL-2r) and interferon Alpha-2b (IFN Alfa-2b)].

This work presents our recent clinic experience in the treatment of advanced RCC with IL-2 in association to alpha IFN given subcutaneously. Fifteen patient with histologically confirmed advanced RCC and measurable lesions were entered in the study. Patients were treated in cycles of 7 weeks at a IL-2 dose of 4.8 million IU/m2 (induction phase)-2.4 million IU/m2 (maintenance phase) every 12h five days a week and alpha IFN: 6 million IU/m2 every 24h three days a week, and were afterwards evaluated for response. Responders with localized residual bulk underwent rescue surgery. Seven patient has objective response (3 complete, 2 partial and 2 stable responses). The complete responses were stable and lasted 36 m, 14 m and 8 m, and global survival was of 14.6 m (3-36 m). All patients had toxicity at various degrees but WHO grade II was not exceeded at any time. The association of IL-2 and alpha IFN 2b given subcutaneously, appears to have antitumoral activity against advanced RCC with durable responses and in a proportion similar to other associations in intravenous administration, but with lower systemic toxicity. Surgical resection of residual bulk can be beneficial in selected patient with partial response.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The surgical opportunity in metastatic lesions of renal-cell carcinoma after a response to adjuvant immunotherapy].

Surgical resection of primary lesions and single metastasis can be curative, but surgery, used as the only therapeutic option, is not unanimously accepted in patients with multiple metastasis and, apart from other considerations, there are no established clinical criteria to allow us to predict which patients will benefit from a metastectomy. This study evaluates four patients with advanced RCC. Three had multiple pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis and one presented retroperitoneal mass at 36 months of follow-up. All patients were nephrectomized and received adjuvant immunotherapy with an association of IL-2 and 2b alpha-IFN subcutaneously, obtaining partial response of the disease after two treatment courses. Later, the patients underwent debulking surgery. Two patients are still alive and have no evidence of disease progression at 28 months and 8 months of follow-up. This data and that contrasted with other authors, suggests that surgical management would be a reasonable option in patients who have partially responded to immunotherapy, even though the selection of both candidates and surgical strategy should be considered on an individual basis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Interferon beta enhances the natural killer activity of patients with bladder carcinoma.

We have investigated the effect of interferon beta (INF beta) on the natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with superficial and infiltrative transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC) against both NK-sensitive and NK-resistant target cells. The normal NK activity found in PBMC from these patients can be significantly enhanced by short-term incubation (18 h) with INF beta (P < 0.05). The depressed NK cytotoxic activity found in PBMC from patients with infiltrative TCC can also be significantly enhanced, but not normalized, by short-term incubation with INF beta (P < 0.05). In kinetic studies we found that the maximal levels of the INF beta-promoted cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive and against NK-resistant target cells in PBMC from TCC patients were reached after 18 h of culture. Short-term-INF beta-incubated PBMC from patients with TCC of the bladder also showed marked cytotoxic activity against NK-resistant target cells. The effector cells of the INF beta-induced cytotoxic activity in PBMC from patients with TCC were CD16+ CD3- NK cells. This cytotoxic inducer effect of INF beta synergized with that of interleukin-2. In conclusion, INF beta can enhance the NK activity of PMBC from patients with TCC of the bladder.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1994

Right coronary artery with anomalous origin and slit ostium.

Right coronary arteries that arise from the left sinus or ectopically from the right sinus with a slit ostium can cause myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, or sudden death. The surgical repair of these anomalies has evolved toward a simpler operation that widens the orifice of origin and reduces the compression of the intramural segment. We have repaired these anomalies without mortality in 8 patients. We summarize our experience and the evolution of this procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intracavitary prophylactic treatment with interferon alpha 2b of patients with superficial bladder cancer is associated with a systemic T-cell activation.

The activation and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) are complex processes involving several surface molecules, cell secretion and response to cytokines. This paper investigates the immunomodulatory effect of prophylactic treatment with interferon alpha 2b (IFN-alpha 2b) upon the blastogenic response of PBMNCs from patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma (STCC) of the bladder to mitogenic signals that interact with surface molecules [phytohaemagglutinin, PHA and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies, (MAbs)]. PBMNCs from the patients were studied prior to the transurethral resection (TUR) of the tumour, during the second month of prophylactic intravesical instillation of IFN-alpha 2b and 3 and 6 months after finishing the instillation treatment. The [3H]thymidine uptake of PBMNCs from 17 patients with STCC of the bladder after 5 days of PHA and anti-CD3 MAb stimulus was found to be significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P < 0.05). The addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the culture medium did not correct this defective proliferative response to PHA and the anti-CD3 MAb. There were no significant differences between IL-2 production in PBMNCs from STCC patients after stimulation with PHA and in PBMNCs from healthy controls (P > 0.05). Patients without evidence of recurrence showed a significantly enhanced proliferative response in PBMNC to PHA and anti-CD3 MAb after intravesical prophylactic treatment with interferon-alpha 2b in the follow-up examinations 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.01). However, three patients had evidence of tumour recurrence, and they showed no enhancement of the PBMNC proliferative response to these mitogens in the same examinations. In conclusion, the prophylactic intracavitary treatment of STCC with IFN-alpha 2b may induce a systemic immunomodulatory effect which is associated to the clinical evolution of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Giant liposarcoma of the spermatic cord].

Liposarcomas (LS) are malignant mesenchymal tumours which develop in fatty tissues. They are basically found at the retroperitoneum where they are relatively frequent in adults. The most common type is myxoid LS which, although less malignant, has like any other LS a high incidence of local relapses. Primary myxoid liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is an unusual, low-aggressiveness tumour. Under natural development, it can reach large dimensions with only local symptomatology. Pre-operative diagnosis of the paratesticular tumour is often difficult to establish, cuenca the teste suénate be differentiated from the tumoral mass by physical examination. A diagnostic approach of paratesticular tumours, scarcely reported in the literature, can be made by means of a vascular study with radionuclides. The choice therapy is surgical, through orchiectomy and extensive local removal. Considering the frequency of local relapse of myxoid liposarcoma, long-term follow-up is recommended. This paper reports the unusual presentation of one case of primary myxoid LS of the spermatic cord with an intrascrotal mass of 38 x 24 cm weighing 4,950 gr which is exceptional not only because of the site's infrequency but also for its size.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of the effect of intravesical treatment with interferon-alpha 2b on the clinical evolution and on the in vivo function of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in patients with superficial bladder tumors.

Following complete transurethral resection, patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were treated with intravesical interferon-alpha 2b. Ex vivo analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) both during and after the treatment period showed an enhancement of natural killer (NK) activity which fell to basal levels upon cessation of therapy. Simultaneous analysis of T-cell activity revealed a similar pattern of variation in the response to the polyclonal mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Both findings point to an alteration in systemic immunoreactivity as a result of intravesical treatment. Further work will be aimed at determining whether this is relevant to the therapeutic value of such treatment and whether prolonged treatment will maintain these effects.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

[Emphysematous cystitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae].

Emphysematous cystitis is a very uncommon clinical activity as compared to the high incidence of urinary infections in diabetic patients. The paper explains the pathophysiological mechanisms and updates its clinical and therapeutic diagnostic choices regarding one case of favourable evolution following medical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Metastasis of prostatic origin in periorbital soft tissues].

Appearance of orbital metastatic (OM) neoplasia is the most frequent cause of eye tumour; however, its incidence related to prostatic carcinoma (PC) is rare, primarily when there is sole infiltration of the periorbital soft tissue (STOM). The paper describes the case of a patient diagnosed with PC presenting proptosis and diplodia as first spread symptoms. The rarity of STOM of the prostatic carcinoma prompted the diagnosis to be seen sceptically until immunohistochemical confirmation was obtained. An analysis is made of various features of interest regarding the grading of OM, clinical incidence and diagnostic methods. The singularity of the present case, affecting only the periocular soft tissues is illustrated. Finally, the situations requiring orbital biopsy in order to avoid a second neoplasia are analyzed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Keyhole limpet hemocyanine can enhance the natural killer activity of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

It has been shown that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the immunosurveillance of tumors. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, there is a negative correlation between the levels of NK activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and both the clinical evolution and the pathological stages of the disease. We have investigated the immunoregulatory effect of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on the NK activity of patients with TCC of the bladder. We found that KLH enhances the cytotoxic activity of PBMNC from patients with superficial TCC against NK-sensitive target cells in a time-dependent manner. This KLH-enhanced cytotoxicity is not directed against NK-resistant target cells. However, KLH fails to normalize the depressed NK activity of PBMNCs from patients with infiltrative TCC. The present in vitro studies suggest that this immunoregulatory effect of KLH on NK cytotoxicity may be implicated in its therapeutic effect on superficial TCC of the bladder.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Clinical significance of natural killer activity in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

We studied the relationship of natural killer activity from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with clinical stage of disease and the different modalities of treatment in 67 untreated patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 29 normal controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 patients with superficial bladder tumor (stages Ta and T1) showed a natural killer cell activity similar to that of controls (p greater than 0.05), while in 28 patients with infiltrating tumors (stages T2, T3 and T4) this activity was significantly depressed (p less than 0.01). This functional phenomenon cannot be ascribed to a deficient number of natural killer cells in patients with infiltrating tumors, since the amounts of HNK-1+ (Leu 7), CD16+ (Leu 11) and CD11b+ (OKM1) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were similar in the 3 groups of subjects (p greater than 0.05). Furthermore, the natural killer activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was normal (p greater than 0.05) in patients who underwent transurethral resection of the tumors and intracavitary cytostatic therapy with doxorubicin who remained free of disease at least 6 months after treatment. However, in patients with superficial recurrent tumor a significant decrease in the natural killer activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed (p less than 0.05), which was more pronounced in those with infiltrating recurrence. Also, in the latter patients total cystoprostatectomy was associated with a relevant increase in the spontaneous level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We conclude that in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder there is a correlation of the levels of natural killer activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with clinical evolution and pathological stage of disease. The determination of this activity is useful to monitor patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Aged↗