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J Caprioli

Publications and source records attributed to J Caprioli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Criteria for success of surgical treatment of glaucoma.

Outcome measures for studies of the surgical treatment of glaucoma include intraocular pressure, functional status (usually with visual field measurements), and structural status of the optic nerve or nerve fiber layer. Older studies relied heavily and almost solely on intraocular pressure as a surrogate measure for expected glaucomatous damage, but the situation is improving. It is clear that functional outcomes must be used in the evaluation of surgical therapy (indeed, of all therapy) for glaucoma whenever feasible. Measurements of structural damage are also important in patients with early or suspected damage. Structural evaluations probably do not provide information beyond that derived from visual field measurements in patients with advanced glaucomatous damage. This paper surveys the criteria and methods used to determine success in recent studies of glaucoma surgery and makes recommendations about the most appropriate outcome measures for surgical studies of glaucoma treatment.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1997

Circumferential profiles of peripapillary surface height with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the circumferential profiles of relative peripapillary retinal surface height (RPSH) between normal and glaucoma, with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmology (CSLO), and to examine the ability of the mean height to distinguish glaucoma from normal. Fifty-three patients with open-angle glaucoma and forty-three normal subjects matched for age, race and refractive error were studied. To extract circumferential profiles, we developed software to quantify RPSH from images obtained with a CSLO (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), Heidelberg Engineering, Germany, Software: IR1-V1.11) outside the optic disc margin every 50 microns. Mean heights from circumferential profiles were calculated and compared between normal and glaucoma. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the mean height to discriminate normal from glaucoma subjects. T he average (+/- SD) visual field mean deviation in the glaucoma group was -4.8 +/- 3.4dB. The average height of each circumference increased from the disc margin to 250 microns away in both normal and glaucoma subjects. There were statistically significant differences for the mean height (P < 0.001) between the two groups. The largest difference between normal and glaucoma was found in the inferior sector compared with the other sectors (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic precision of the mean height were 83%, 67% and 76%, respectively. The mean height from the circumferential profiles of RPSH can be used as a useful marker to identify early glaucoma.

Exfoliation Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Temporal corneal phacoemulsification in patients with filtered glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes that underwent prior trabeculectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PATIENTS: Forty consecutive patients who underwent temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification subsequent to trabeculectomy (trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group) were identified, and 40 control patients who underwent trabeculectomy alone (trabeculectomy group) were matched to the case patients for length of follow-up, age, IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, number of 5-fluorouracil injections, race, sex, and diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular pressure before vs 1 year after phacoemulsification in the trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group compared with IOP in the trabeculectomy group and survival analysis of IOP control after trabeculectomy in the 2 groups. RESULTS: In the trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group, IOP 1 year after phacoemulsification was not significantly different from the prephacoemulsification IOP value (P = .65). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the rates of IOP control 3, 6, and 9 years after trabeculectomy in the trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group were 80%, 66%, and 44%, respectively; in the trabeculectomy group, these were 79%, 69%, and 55%, respectively. These survival curves were not statistically different (P = .55). CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery by temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification in eyes with filtering blebs after trabeculectomy does not adversely affect long-term IOP control.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Temporal corneal phacoemulsification in filtered glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes that had prior trabeculectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PATIENTS: Forty consecutive patients (cases; TRAB-PHACO group) who underwent temporal corneal phacoemulsification subsequent to trabeculectomy were identified. Forty patients (controls; TRAB group) who had trabeculectomy alone were matched to the cases for length of follow-up, age, IOP, number of anti-glaucoma medications, number of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections, race, sex and diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of IOP before and one year after phacoemulsification in the TRAB-PHACO group, and comparison with the TRAB group. Survival analysis of IOP control after trabeculectomy in the TRAB-PHACO and TRAB groups. RESULTS: In the TRAB-PHACO group, IOP one year after phacoemulsification was not significantly different from the pre-phacoemulsification IOP value (p = 0.65). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the rates of IOP control at 3, 6 and 9 years after trabeculectomy in the TRAB-PHACO group were 80%, 66% and 44%; in the TRAB group these were 79%, 69% and 55%. These survival curves were not statistically different (p = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery by temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification in eyes with filtering blebs after trabeculectomy does not adversely affect long term IOP control.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Hypoxic and excitotoxic damage to cultured rat retinal ganglion cells.

The cytotoxic effects of hypoxia and excitatory amino acids on cultured retinal ganglion cells were studied. The influence of coculture with retinal Müller glia and cortical astrocytes on cell survival was evaluated, as were the effects of the N-methyl-DL-aspartate inhibitor, MK-801. Dissociated retinal neurons from 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were plated on a laminin substrate, neocortex-derived glial monolayers, or Müller cell monolayers. Ganglion cells were labeled by injection of DiI into the superior colliculus 2 days prior to dissociation. Exposure of cultured ganglion cells to glutamate and N-methyl-DL-aspartate showed a time- and concentration-dependent survival rate. Exposure of cells to hypoxia demonstrated a survival rate that was dependent on time and O2 concentration. Excitotoxic and hypoxic damage was entirely blocked by the specific non-competitive inhibitor of N-methyl-DL-aspartate, MK-801. Retinal ganglion cells cultured on cortical astrocytes and retina-derived Müller glia showed significantly better survival rates (P < 0.001) than cells cultured on laminin-coated dishes under control conditions, in hypoxia (9% to 15% O2), and after exposure to 200 microM glutamate. Retinal ganglion cells cultured on Müller glia showed significantly better survival rates (P < 0.01) than those cultured on cortical astrocytes under conditions of hypoxia (9% to 15% O2) and exposure to 200 microM glutamate. The results demonstrate that excitotoxic and hypoxic damage to cultured retinal ganglion cells is moderated by NMDA receptor blockade and by the presence of glial cells, especially retinal Müller cells. This system may provide a useful model for studying the pathophysiology of excitotoxicity and hypoxia on cultured retinal ganglion cells, and may be used to help identify potentially clinically useful therapeutic agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of methods to evaluate the optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer for glaucomatous change.

PURPOSE: To compare the rates of optic nerve damage in early human glaucoma as measured by four methods to evaluate change in the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer. METHODS: Four techniques were used to detect progressive glaucomatous damage in a prospective, longitudinal study: (1) qualitative evaluation of stereoscopic color optic disk photographs, (2) qualitative evaluation of monochromatic nerve fiber layer photographs, (3) manual stereoplanimetric measurements of disk rim area, and (4) computerized measurement of peripapillary nerve fiber layer height. One eye of each patient with glaucoma or ocular hypertension was evaluated at the beginning and end of a follow-up period of not less than one year. The rates of structural change measured by these techniques and the rate of visual field change measured with threshold automated perimetry were determined. RESULTS: We followed up 193 patients for a mean (+/- S.D.) of 3.3 +/- 1.0 years (range, one to six years). Twenty-nine (15%) of 193 eyes progressed by qualitative optic disk evaluation, 14 (7.2%) of 193 eyes progressed by qualitative nerve fiber layer evaluation, seven (3.6%) of 193 eyes progressed by stereoplanimetry, and 24 (13.2%) of 182 eyes progressed by measurement of nerve fiber layer height. Visual field deterioration was detected in 12 (5.2%) of 193 patients and correlated best with qualitative optic disk and nerve fiber layer evaluations. Evaluation by stereoplanimetry and nerve fiber layer height measurement detected change in eyes with primarily diffuse structural damage, a pattern not well detected by qualitative methods. CONCLUSION: Both qualitative and quantitative methods of optic disk and nerve fiber layer evaluation contribute to the identification of progressive damage, depending on the stage of disease and the characteristics of optic nerve cupping.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Neural networks to identify glaucoma with structural and functional measurements.

PURPOSE: Neural networks can recognize patterns and classify complex variables. We assessed the ability of neural networks to discriminate between normal and glaucomatous eyes by using structural and functional measurements. METHODS: Several neural network algorithms were tested with a database of 185 eyes of patients with early glaucomatous visual field loss (average mean defect, 4.5 dB) and 54 eyes of age-matched normal control subjects. The information used included automated visual field indices (mean defect, corrected loss variance, and short-term fluctuation) and structural data (cup/disk ratio, rim area, cup volume, and nerve fiber layer height) from computerized image analysis. RESULTS: A back propagation network with two intermediate layers assigned an estimated probability of being glaucomatous to each eye and correctly identified 88% of all eyes with 90% sensitivity and 84% specificity. The same neural network trained with only structural data correctly identified 80% of the eyes with 87% sensitivity and 56% specificity, and when trained with functional data only, it correctly identified 84% of the eyes with 84% sensitivity and 86% specificity. CONCLUSION: Analysis of several optic nerve and visual field variables by neural networks can help identify early glaucomatous damage and assign an estimated probability that early damage is present in individual patients.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Hyperthermia and hypoxia increase tolerance of retinal ganglion cells to anoxia and excitotoxicity.

PURPOSE: Knowledge of the mechanisms by which retinal ganglion cells are damaged may provide information required to develop novel treatments for diseases that cause retinal ganglion cell death. The authors investigated whether the expression of the 72-kDa heat shock protein in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells increases tolerance to hypoxic and excitotoxic injury. METHODS: Hyperthermia (42 degrees C for 1 hour) and sublethal hypoxia (9% O2 for 6 hours) were used to induce synthesis of the 72-kDa heat shock protein in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells and cultured retinal Müller cells. Induction of the 72-kDa heat shock protein was detected with immunocytochemical and immunoblot techniques. Survival of cultured retinal ganglion cells after exposure to anoxia (< 1% O2 for 6 hours) and glutamate (200 microns for 6 hours) was measured and compared to control cultures stressed previously by hyperthermia or sublethal hypoxia. The effect of quercetin, a blocker of heat shock protein synthesis, was evaluated in parallel experiments. RESULTS: Heat shock protein immunoreactivity was expressed in cultured retinal ganglion cells and Müller cells after hyperthermia and sublethal hypoxia. The mean (+/- standard deviation) retinal ganglion cell survival rates after exposure to anoxia (expressed as a percentage of untreated control cultures) in cells pretreated with sublethal hypoxia (83% +/- 17%) and hyperthermia (82% +/- 19%) were significantly greater than for cells that had no pretreatment (50% +/- 18%, P < 0.001). The mean (+/-standard deviation) retinal ganglion cell survival rate after exposure to glutamate in cells pretreated with sublethal hypoxia (82% +/- 19%) and hyperthermia (86% +/- 17%) were significantly greater than for cells that had no pretreatment (56% +/- 17%, P < 0.001). Inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis with quercetin abolished the protective effects of sublethal hypoxia and hyperthermia on cell survival after anoxia and glutamate exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The neuroprotective effect of hyperthermia and sublethal hypoxia suggests that heat shock proteins confer protection against ischemic and excitotoxic retinal ganglion cell death.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Detection of structural damage from glaucoma with confocal laser image analysis.

PURPOSE: To determine which structural optic nerve head parameters measured with confocal scanning laser image analysis that best discriminate between normal persons and those with glaucoma. METHODS: One randomly selected eye of 53 patients with early open-angle glaucoma (average visual field mean deviation = -4.8 dB) and of 43 age-, race-, and refractive error-matched normal subjects were studied. The performance of nine structural measures was evaluated with linear multivariate analysis and a neural network: cup area, cup to disc area ratio, rim area, height variation contour, cup volume, rim volume, cup shape measure, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer cross-section area. A discriminant function was derived with two thirds of the sample and its discriminant power tested on the remaining one third. This was repeated twice so that the entire sample was used for training and testing. A neural network was trained and tested in the same way. Stereoscopic color optic nerve photographs of the same eyes were evaluated qualitatively by three experienced, masked observers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of discriminant function, neural network results, and qualitative evaluation were plotted. Comparisons of the areas under the ROC curves were performed with nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the normal and glaucoma groups for all measures (P < or = 0.007) except for height variation contour, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer cross-section area. Cup shape measure provided the single best measure to distinguish between normal subjects and those with early glaucoma and had a diagnostic precision of 84%. Neural network diagnostic precision, when all measures were used, was 92% and decreased to 82% when cup shape measure was omitted. The area under the ROC curve when all measures were combined was 0.94; it was significantly lower (P = 0.04) when cup shape measure was omitted (area = 0.84). The area under the ROC curve for qualitative optic disc evaluation by experienced observers was 0.93. There was no statistically significant difference between qualitative evaluation and neural network performance (P = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Cup shape measure, the statistical third moment of the distribution of depth values of the optic nerve head obtained with confocal laser image analysis, can be used to discriminate between normal persons and those with early glaucomatous damage with high diagnostic precision.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Temporal corneal phacoemulsification combined with superior trabeculectomy: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of combined temporal corneal phacoemulsification and separate incision superior trabeculectomy with those of trabeculectomy alone. METHODS: This is a retrospective case-control study of 40 consecutive patients who underwent combined temporal corneal phacoemulsification and superior trabeculectomy with low-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (cases), and 40 eyes matched with respect to age, race, preoperative medications, and preoperative IOP that had trabeculectomy alone with low dose 5-FU (controls). Survival analyses for IOP were performed for the cases and controls. We reviewed the charts of 40 consecutive patients who underwent combined temporal corneal phacoemulsification and superior trabeculectomy with low dose 5-FU to determine the effect on IOP, visual acuity, and requirement for glaucoma medications. For controls, we chose 40 eyes matched with respect to age, race, preoperative medications, and preoperative IOP who had trabeculectomy alone with low dose 5-FU. In both groups, trabeculectomy was performed with the same technique, was located superiorly, and employed a limbus-based conjunctival flap. In the combined surgery group, temporal corneal phacoemulsification immediately preceded trabeculectomy and employed a 3.5-mm incision and a one-piece silicone intraocular lens. All patients received 3 or 4 subconjunctival 5-FU injections of 5 mg each over the first 11 postoperative days. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Success of trabeculectomy was defined as an IOP less than 22 mmHg and 20% or more reduction from the preoperative level on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, regardless of the use of antiglaucoma medications. RESULTS: The mean postoperative intraocular pressure was higher in the combined surgery group than in the control group at each follow-up interval (P < 0.05). The mean (+/- SD) IOP reduction was 6.8 (+/- 5.5) mmHg in the combined surgery group, and 10.3 (+/- 7.6) mmHg in the trabeculectomy group at 1 year. The reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medications was 1.6 (+/- 0.9) in the combined surgery group and 2.0 (+/- 1.0) in the control group at 1 year. In the combined surgery group, the mean visual acuity beyond the first postoperative month was significantly better than at baseline (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative success rate at 2 years was 62% in the combined surgery group and 86% in the trabeculectomy group. The time to failure was significantly shorter (P = 0.04) in the combined surgery group. CONCLUSIONS: Combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma is associated with less long-term IOP reduction compared with trabeculectomy alone, despite identical trabeculectomy techniques in both groups. Nevertheless, combined surgery effectively lowers IOP and reduces the long-term requirement for antiglaucoma medications without additional complications. This technique is appropriate in selected patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Correlation of visual field with scanning confocal laser optic disc measurements in glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between structural optic disc measurements that were obtained with a scanning confocal laser tomograph and functional measurements that were obtained with automated static threshold perimetry. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: An American school of medicine. PATIENTS: Forty-six patients (mean +/- SD age, 63 +/- 10 years) with early to moderate glaucoma (average mean deviation +/- SD, -4.8 +/- 6.2 dB). INTERVENTIONS: Automated static threshold perimetry (performed with either the Octopus G1 program, Interzeag, Schlieren, Switzerland, or the Humphrey 24-2 program, Allergan Humphrey, San Leandro, Calif) and confocal optic disc tomography (performed with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, Heidelberg [Germany] Engineering GmbH) were performed on one randomly selected eye per patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The correlation between the visual field indexes, namely, the mean deviation and corrected pattern SD, and the topographic measurements for the optic disc and nerve fiber layer. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was found between the third central moment of the frequency distribution of the depth values for the optic disc structures and the visual field indexes. Pearson correlation coefficients were r = -.65 (P < .0001) and r = .55 (P < .0001) for the mean deviation and corrected pattern SD, respectively. CONCLUSION: The third central moment of the depth distribution for the optic disc measurements is strongly related to the overall shape of the optic disc cup and is a robust indicator of the degree of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1995

Condensation anomalies and exclusion in micronuclei of rearranged chromosomes in human fibroblasts cultured in vitro.

Anomalies of chromatin condensation, such as fragmentation, uncoiling and pulverization, were observed in XP9UV25, a xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblast clone in which a high proportion of cells carried an end-to-end dicentric chromosome, dic (5;16) (p15.2;q24), that gives rise during propagation in culture to a variety of dicentric and monocentric derivatives. The coiling anomaly affected exclusively part of a rearranged chromosome, in particular the region previously involved in breakage events. The heterochromatic 16q region, which is a preferential breakpoint in the formation of dicentric and monocentric derivatives, was consistently the limit of the uncoiled or pulverized regions. This observation suggests that the anomalous chromatin behavior could derive from alteration of a region relevant for the correct condensation of the chromosome. In XP9UV25 the frequency of nuclei with associated micronuclei increased with time in culture, in parallel with that of mitoses with dicentric chromosomes. In situ hybridization with DNA probes specific for chromosomes 5 and 16 revealed hybridization signals in about 40% of micronuclei. Since the frequency of micronuclei is about ten times less than that of dicentrics, it is probable that only the rearranged chromosomes undergoing coiling anomalies are excluded in micronuclei.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1995

Agreement between clinicians and a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope in estimating cup/disk ratios.

PURPOSE: We assessed agreement between cup/disk ratio measurements obtained by glaucoma expert evaluation of stereoscopic photographs of the optic disk and those obtained with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. METHODS: Three glaucoma experts estimated vertical and horizontal cup/disk ratios from stereoscopic photographs of 15 normal subjects and 15 patients with glaucoma. These estimates were compared to vertical, horizontal, and area cup/disk ratios measured with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were also estimated. RESULTS: Agreement between clinicians and the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope varied by clinician. Agreement was moderate to substantial for vertical cup/disk ratio and fair to moderate for horizontal cup/disk ratio; kappas ranged from 0.57 to 0.72 and from 0.21 to 0.55, respectively. The mean confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope area cup/disk ratio measurements were smaller than each clinician's mean vertical and horizontal cup/disk ratio estimates; differences ranged from 0.10 to 0.24 and from 0.06 to 0.16, respectively. Differences were smaller between clinician estimates and instrument measurements of horizontal and vertical cup/disk ratios of patients with glaucoma than normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate good agreement between confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope measurements and clinician estimates of the vertical cup/disk ratios from stereoscopic photographs, particularly of patients with glaucoma. However, as differences between clinician and instrument estimates of cup/disk ratios were found, new quantitative criteria must be established for characterizing a disk as glaucomatous using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Regional test-retest variability of confocal scanning laser tomography.

PURPOSE: To determine the regional differences in the test-retest variability of topographic measurements of the optic nerve head obtained with a confocal scanning laser retina tomograph. METHODS: Three 10-degree topographic images centered on the optic disk of 20 individuals (20 eyes), five normal subjects, seven glaucoma suspects, and eight glaucoma patients, were acquired and averaged. For each eye, the standard deviation of the mean height at each pixel was calculated from the three images and displayed as a gray scale map, which represents regional test-retest variability. The standard deviation of the mean height of the eight surrounding pixels of each pixel was calculated and plotted as a gray scale map, which represents regional steepness. RESULTS: The variability maps and steepness maps showed close correspondence in all eyes. Regions of high steepness had high variability (r = .31; P < .001). The average variability in relatively flat areas (sixth to 15th percentiles for steepness) was 19 microns, whereas steeper areas (81st to 95th percentiles for steepness) had an average variability of 37 microns. The overall mean variability was 28 +/- 7 microns. CONCLUSIONS: The regional variability of topographic measurements made with the confocal scanning laser tomograph correlates with the steepness of the corresponding region and is highest at the edge of the optic disk cup and along vessels. Because of their high test-retest variability, these steep areas may not be the best locations to follow up patients for progressive glaucomatous damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Outcomes of trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term functional and structural outcomes in patients treated with trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Records of 78 consecutive patients (78 eyes) who had their first trabeculectomy were studied retrospectively (duration of follow-up, 25 to 112 months). Serial automated perimetry and stereoscopic optic disc photographs were used to assess the long-term efficacy of trabeculectomy to prevent progressive glaucomatous damage. Stereoscopic optic disc photographs were available for 29 eyes (38%). Criteria for intraocular pressure control were a minimum intraocular pressure reduction of 20% and intraocular pressure at or below 20 mmHg. RESULTS: There was no evidence of progression of glaucomatous damage in 81% and 65% of the eyes after 3 and 6 years, respectively. The visual field deteriorated in 16 eyes (21%) and progressive structural optic nerve damage occurred in 4 eyes (5%) during follow-up. Deterioration of the optic nerve head in the absence of visual field progression was detected in three (4%) of those eyes. In 19 eyes (25%), further glaucoma surgery was performed. The probability of successful intraocular pressure control after a single operation was 48% and 40% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Progressive glaucomatous damage occurs in about one third of eyes with moderate to severe primary open-angle glaucoma over a 6-year follow-up after trabeculectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The influence of patient reliability on visual field outcome.

The reliability of subjects to perform to perimetry correctly should be carefully evaluated to interpret visual field examinations adequately. Clinicians generally agree that numerous false-positive responses to catch trials cause measured thresholds to be falsely high and numerous false-negative responses cause measured thresholds to be falsely low. We studied the effect of false-positive and false-negative responses on the outcome of visual field measurements. Of 47 eyes, the results of 106 stable glaucomatous visual field tests (Program G1, Octopus 201, Interzeag, Schlieren, Switzerland) with false-positive responses and no more than one false-negative response to catch trials were compared to the results of reliable visual field tests (no false-positive and no more than one false-negative response) performed on the same eye. Similarly, 60 stable visual fields with false-negative responses and no more than one false-positive response were used to study the effect of false-negative responses on visual field sensitivities. Linear regression analysis disclosed a mean sensitivity increase of 1.5 dB for every 10% of false-positive responses (r = .34, P = .000) and a mean sensitivity decrease of 1.2 dB for every 10% of false-negative responses (r = .26, P = .04). These results may be used to help reduce the magnitude of unexplained long-term fluctuation in visual field interpretation.

Adult↗