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Biomedical subjects

J Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to J Campbell.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Differences in uricogenic effects of dietary purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides in rats.

The uricogenic effects of dietary free purines (adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine and xanthine), their nucleosides (adenosine, monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate) were studied in rats. Casein-based diets (20% protein) supplemented with 30 mmol/kg diet of each of the free purine base, nucleoside or nucleotide were fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats (100 +/- 5 g) for 14 d. Addition of adenine resulted in less weight gain than in controls, greater kidney weight, greater urine volume and higher levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, creatinine and allantoin but lower urinary levels of allantoin, uric acid and creatinine. The adenine diet also caused nephropathy characterized by nephromegaly and deposition of crystals. A microscopic examination of the kidneys revealed deposition of crystals mainly in the lumen of convoluted tubules of the cortex. Feeding of diets containing other purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides had no adverse effects on kidney weight or structure, urine volume, serum uric acid or creatinine. Urinary allantoin excretion, however, was greater in rats fed hypoxanthine, xanthine, nucleoside and nucleotide diets than in control rats. Adenine produced adverse effects only when fed in the free form and not when fed as the nucleoside or nucleotide, suggesting a metabolic significance for free adenine in predicting hyperuricemic effects of foods.

Adenine↗
PubMed1988

Sequence analysis of an 11.2 kilobase, near-terminal, BamHI fragment of fowlpox virus.

The nucleotide sequence of an 11.2 kilobase fragment of the fowlpox virus genome is presented. The fragment comes from near one end of the genome and contains part of the terminal inverted repeat. Twenty open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted from the sequence and are classified into 13 major and seven minor ORFs. The 100 base pairs immediately upstream of each ORF are up to 83% AT-rich, with some motifs similar to those seen in vaccinia virus early gene promoters. The TTTTTNT element which has been identified as a termination signal for vaccinia virus early genes is also found downstream of several ORFs. Three ORFs are predicted to specify polypeptides with significant homology to proteins coded by genes near termini of orthopoxvirus genomes: the vaccinia virus 42K early gene and 32.5K host range gene, and the cowpox virus 38K red pock gene. In addition, there are two families of ORFs within the fragment which potentially encode related polypeptides. One of these, family B, contains three ORFs which are related to those of chicken and rat hepatic lectins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of a conserved region in fowlpox virus and vaccinia virus genomes and the translocation of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene.

The DNA sequence of a clustered set of genes which are conserved in orthopoxviruses has been determined for the avipoxvirus, fowlpox virus. The arrangement of the genes in fowlpox virus is nearly identical to that in vaccinia virus, and genes which are overlapping in vaccinia virus overlap in fowlpox virus. One major difference exists however, as the thymidine kinase (TK) gene is absent in fowlpox virus from the position it occupies within this cluster of genes in vaccinia virus. Instead, in fowlpox virus there is a 32 bp non-coding region present between the genes that flank the TK gene in vaccinia virus. The fowlpox virus TK gene has been cloned and sequenced. The sequences immediately flanking the TK gene show no homology to any previously reported poxvirus gene. These results are discussed in terms of genome stability in poxviruses and the use of the TK gene as a non-essential region for the introduction of foreign genes into poxviruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Abnormal haemostasis in small cell lung cancer.

Disorders of haemostasis and altered platelet activity have been documented in patients with malignant disease but their relation to response to treatment and prognosis are not known. Thrombin activity (fibrinopeptide A (FpA), plasmin mediated fibrinolysis (B beta 15-42) antigen), and platelet alpha granule release (beta thromboglobulin) were studied in 37 patients with small cell lung cancer to find out whether these indices show a relationship to chemoresponse. There was evidence of considerably increased thrombin activity, with a median fibrinopeptide A concentration of 13.2 (normal less than 4) pmol/ml, but only modestly increased fibrinolysis, with a median B beta 14-42 antigen concentration of 5.6 (normal less than 3) pmol/ml. Thus the ratio of fibrinopeptide A to B beta 15-42 concentration (FpA:B beta) was raised, with a median value of 2.2 (normal less than 1.33). In addition, 57% of patients had increased platelet alpha granule release, the median beta thromboglobulin concentration being 50 (normal less than 50) ng/ml. There was a significant association between increased thrombin generation and lack of response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, non-responders had higher FpA:B beta ratios. The same haemostatic markers were studied in nine patients who have been in complete remission for at least two years after chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. There was a significant difference in thrombin activity and also in the ratio of thrombin activity to lysis between the pretreatment group and the group of two year survivors. Lack of response to chemotherapy appears to be related to increased thrombin activity. Such an association has not previously been reported in patients with malignant disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.

Within the context of a double blind randomized controlled parallel trial of 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, we validated WOMAC, a new multidimensional, self-administered health status instrument for patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. The pain, stiffness and physical function subscales fulfil conventional criteria for face, content and construct validity, reliability, responsiveness and relative efficiency. WOMAC is a disease-specific purpose built high performance instrument for evaluative research in osteoarthritis clinical trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A survey of current prescribing practices of antiinflammatory and urate lowering drugs in gouty arthritis in the province of Ontario.

We recently conducted a cross-sectional survey of the prescribing practices of rheumatologists and a random sample of family physicians. While in general there was agreement as to the preferred management of gout, family physicians were (a) more likely to use phenylbutazone, (b) more liberal in their use of allopurinol, (c) less likely to cover the introduction of allopurinol with antiinflammatory agents or to titrate the dose against the serum uric acid, or to adjust the dose according to the serum creatinine. A small number of physicians continued to routinely use urate lowering drugs in the treatment of entirely asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1988

The fetal femur/foot length ratio: a new parameter to assess dysplastic limb reduction.

The relationship between growth of the fetal femur and foot length was examined between 14-40 weeks' gestation in 182 normal singleton pregnancies. A significant correlation was demonstrated (r = 0.98; P less than .0001). The femur/foot length ratio was found to be approximately 1 throughout this age range. The fifth and 95th percentile confidence intervals of the femur/foot length ratio versus gestational age were then defined. The femur/foot length ratio was also measured directly in 12 fetuses after second-trimester abortion; these measurements compared favorably with the ultrasound femur/foot length ratio nomogram. The discriminatory power of the femur/foot length ratio chart to differentiate fetuses with skeletal dysplasias from those with pseudo-limb reduction due to constitutional factors or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was tested in 16 sequential cases with femur measurements below the fifth percentile. Two cases suspected of having symmetrical IUGR and five cases suspected of being constitutionally small were found to have femur/foot length ratios within the 90th percentile range. Limb reduction deformities were suspected in the nine remaining cases, and the femur/foot length ratios in these fetuses were all found to be less than the fifth percentile. The femur/foot length ratio nomogram appears to be a useful parameter to help differentiate fetuses that have dysplastic limb reduction from those whose limbs are short because of constitutional factors or IUGR.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of human complement fragment C5a.

In this competitive RIA for determining concentrations of human C5a in biological fluids and in buffers, labeled C5a and sample are allowed to compete for binding to a limited amount of goat antibody to human C5a in solution. Free and bound tracer are then separated by a second antibody (rabbit anti-goat IgG) immobilized on paramagnetic particles. Total incubation time for this assay is 70 min. Sensitivity, precision, and analytical recovery of this assay compare well with those of a reference method.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1987

Identification by a random sequencing strategy of the fowlpoxvirus DNA polymerase gene, its nucleotide sequence and comparison with other viral DNA polymerases.

The nucleotide sequence of the DNA polymerase gene of the avipoxvirus fowlpox is presented and the predicted amino acid sequence compared with that of the orthopoxvirus vaccinia. The results have brought to light an error in the vaccinia sequence which has resulted in the ommission of 44 amino acids from the carboxy-terminus of the vaccinia DNA polymerase. There has been extensive conservation of amino acids throughout the enzymes, and regions identified as being present in DNA polymerases from a wide range of viruses are again present here. The method used to identify the fowlpoxvirus gene could have applications towards defining genomic organisations in other viral systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗