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Biomedical subjects

J Cameron

Publications and source records attributed to J Cameron.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Thromboembolic complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for myocardial infarction.

To determine the incidence of thromboembolic complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in the setting of recent and acute myocardial infarction, the clinical sequelae and coronary angiographic findings were examined in a series of 13 patients who underwent PTCA either as acute intervention during the infarction or as treatment for recurrent myocardial ischemia that occurred soon after the initial completed infarction. In all cases, the angiographic appearance in the infarct-related artery was that of thrombus in the setting of total or subtotal occlusion. Balloon dilatation without antecedent thrombolytic therapy, was performed in 14 arteries and was successful in establishing reperfusion with reduction of the degree of intraluminal narrowing to less than 50% in all cases. Residual thrombus at the site of inflation was noted in two cases (15%), and embolization was noted in four cases (29%), for an incidence of complication of 44%. In five of six instances in which either residual thrombus or embolization were noted, the initial infarction had occurred greater than 24 h before. In only one of seven cases in which PTCA was used as acute intervention during infarction of less than 4 h duration was the presence of residual thrombus noted after PTCA. Therefore, these findings suggest that thromboembolic complications after PTCA in the setting of recent or acute myocardial infarction are uncommon when the syndrome is less than 4 h duration; however, complications are relatively frequent when infarction has occurred greater than 24 h before. PTCA as a primary intervention in this latter setting should be approached cautiously.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac electrophysiologic testing: its role in the selection of antiarrhythmic drug regimens for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.

Cardiac electrophysiology studies use intracardiac recording and programmed stimulation to define the mechanisms and most appropriate therapy for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Using these techniques, the majority of clinical tachycardias can be reproducibly initiated and terminated in the electrophysiology laboratory, thereby allowing the most appropriate therapy to be selected. With this approach, antiarrhythmic agents can be tested in a systematic, serialized fashion for efficacy, safety and patient tolerance. With both supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias, suppression of arrhythmia induction predicts freedom from recurrence, whereas inducibility carries a poor prognosis in clinical follow-up. Electrophysiology studies provide a safe and effective approach to the treatment of selected patients with cardiac arrhythmias.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wessely-type immune ring following phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Immune rings following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) have been reported but have not been described in detail. This case report describes an immune ring after phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in a patient with long-standing superficial corneal scars. A dense white ring formed in the peripheral cornea on the fourth day following surgery. The patient was treated with antibiotics until negative cultures were reported 48 hours later. A biopsy was taken and examined by light microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin and Mason's trichrome staining. The stroma showed focal keratocyte depopulation with nuclear fragments, occasional polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and an active fibroblastic reaction. No lymphocytes or plasma cells were seen. Clinically, the immune ring faded slowly and was still apparent 9 months after the PTK. Studies of similar cases are required to clarify the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pediatric nurse practitioner as case manager in the delivery of services to children with heart disease.

Today's health care environment prompted implementation of a case management model by pediatric nurse practitioner clinical nurse specialists to promote the organization of resources for optimal care of children with heart disease. Evaluation of this pilot program suggests that achievement of expected outcomes within an appropriate length of stay was facilitated, that parents were ready for discharge, and that readmissions were infrequent. In addition, patient and system variances resulting in delay of discharge and discharge preparation needs were identified. The pediatric nurse practitioner as case manager may have a significant impact on the quality and cost of care for hospitalized children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multi-agency, prehospital evaluation of the pharyngeo-tracheal lumen (PTL) airway.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess subjectively the performance of the pharyngeo-tracheal lumen (PTL) airway in a multi-agency, prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) environment. METHODS: Data were recorded by the EMS provider on 167 [corrected] adult patients (age range 16-92 years) in whom a PTL or endotracheal (ET) airway insertion was attempted. Analysis of variance and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the PTL and ET groups, either in patient demographics or in rates of successful ventilation with either airway overall or in trauma-related versus non-trauma-related cases, male versus female patients, or volunteer versus paid EMS providers. Basic life support (BLS) providers were able to ventilate successfully with the PTL as frequently as were ALS providers using the ET tube. CONCLUSIONS: The PTL appears to be a useful primary airway for BLS providers and for ALS providers who are called upon infrequently to manage an airway acutely. The PTL also may be used as an alternate airway for ALS providers when tracheal intubation cannot be accomplished. Further study is needed to define the effectiveness of the PTL in the management of patients with trauma-related injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A microcomputer program to predict sunburn exposure.

A simple microcomputer program written in BASIC calculates the time that can be spent in the sun without risk of sunburn. Seven data are requested by the computer: (1) the month, (2) the weather conditions, (3) the subject's complexion, (4) the subject's activity outdoors, (5) the sun protection factor if a sunscreen is used, (6) the latitude on the Earth's surface, and (7) the time of day at which sun exposure begins. The calculated "safe exposure time" is an estimate for the time to give a minimal erythema dose--a just visible sunburn.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of radiographic chest phantoms.

Diagnostic imaging studies, particularly in chest radiography, require adequate phantoms. Two such phantoms have been made and used; one is a semianthropomorphic phantom and the other is a geometric phantom with embedded test objects. These phantoms, constructed of epoxy resin-based solid water, are described in detail and compared to a common commercial phantom.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of vascular function by diet and exercise.

Clinical research is conducted in free living individuals who are always subject to the influences on vascular function and the major cardiovascular regulators of their lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to review some lifestyle influences on cardiovascular function, particularly the sympathetic nervous system and endothelially mediated vasodilatation. There are highly differentiated sympathetic responses to feeding, and to acute exercise. Over a longer period obesity has a typical pattern of sympathetic activity. Reduced dietary salt intake elicits profound localised increases in sympathetic activity to the kidney. Marine oil supplementation attenuates the sympathetic responses to psychological stress and improves endothelially mediated vasodilatation in hypercholesterolaemics. Exercise training reduced total noradrenaline spillover, the major beds affected being the renal and skeletal muscle. These examples illustrate the dynamic nature of vascular dilatation and that, like the sympathetic nervous system, it is modulated by short, medium and long term influences. In both cases there is regulation both at a local and systemic level. Habitual, and recent, lifestyle can exert important cardiovascular effects which must be taken into account in clinical and epidemiological research.

Arginine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dressing leg ulcers.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Venous leg ulcers.

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Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leg ulcer prophylaxis. Compression therapy: a lifetime experience.

With 400,000 sufferers in the United Kingdom, leg ulceration exacts a heavy toll in terms of human discomfort and disease and expenditure of limited health service resources. Janice Cameron gives pointers on the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, emphasising the crucial role of the nurse. She then goes on to explore methods of prophylaxis against recurrence of ulceration.

Bandages↗