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Biomedical subjects

J Cambier

Publications and source records attributed to J Cambier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

CDw50 and ICAM-3: two names for the same molecule.

CDw50 differentiation antigen is a molecule broadly expressed on hematopoetic cells but not on other cells. Previous experiments showed that CDw50 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) inhibited primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). To understand the function of CDw50 better, we purified it and obtained peptide sequence. At the same time, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3, the third ligand of lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1, was described by mAb and subsequent cDNA cloning. Immunochemical, functional, and protein sequencing studies show that ICAM-3 and CDw50 are the same glycoprotein, a 120-kDa surface molecule with presumably an important role in the immune responses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Left tuberothalamic artery territory infarction: neuropsychological and MRI features.

We examined a 29-year-old woman who had language disturbances and memory impairment after a left thalamic infarction. MRI showed injury that was limited to the tuberothalamic artery territory. Beside reduced voice volume and verbal memory trouble, she presented with aspontaneity, loss of psychic self-activation and affective drive. Considering thalamic lesions, this loss of psychic self-activation or 'athymhormie' was found in a left thalamic infarct and could not be considered as an exclusive characteristic of bithalamic infarctions. The disappearance of the neurobehavioral disturbances within 15 days after the onset of the troubles was associated with the decreasing of the mass lesion found by MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Dissociated preservation of written expression in aphasia with recurrent utterances].

In a female patient, aphasia with recurrent utterances resulted from a double lesion of the left hemisphere, located in the base of the third frontal gyrus and the upper temporal gyri. Predominant in the fluent oral expression was a repeated neologism of which the patient was unaware. The written expression, efficient for lexical entities, was devoid of syntax and had the features of phonological agraphia. Both orally and in written words comprehension was satisfactory but syntactic comprehension was deficient. The stereotyped verbal behaviour could be due to dysfunction of the phonemic programmer. Rupture of the audi-phonatory loop, confirmed by degradation of the verbal working, memory, made this dysfunction worse and accounted for the anosognosia. The participation of the right hemisphere and of the preserved left hemispheric structures in the persistence of various language activities are discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1992

Hot-water epilepsy in an adult: ictal EEG, MRI and SPECT features.

Reflex epilepsy constitutes a rare form of epileptic seizures. We observed a 20-year-old man who presented with seizures induced by immersion in hot water. The trigger stimulus was specific. Contrast CT scan and MRI were all normal, not revealing any structural lesion. Ictal EEG recorded during a hot bath showed focal epileptic discharges in the left temporo-occipital area. Interictal SPECT showed a hypometabolism in the same cerebral region. Neuroimaging studies were rarely performed in this uncommon type of epilepsy. Nevertheless, in our case the result of the SPECT suggests a localized functional disturbance in the emergence of the disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Thalamocortical diaschisis: positron emission tomography in humans.

To investigate further the relations between cortical energy metabolism and neuropsychological impairment after unilateral thalamic lesion, 55 patients underwent positron emission tomography studies of either cortical oxygen consumption or glucose utilisation, including eight repeat studies, at times ranging from 4 days to 98 months after the onset of the lesion [stroke (n = 44) or stereotaxic VL-Vim thalamotomy performed for movement disorders (n = 11)]. Patients with thalamotomy were also studied preoperatively and the surgery induced a significant fall in cortical metabolism on both sides (more so ipsilaterally); post-operatively the magnitude of the ipsilateral cortex hypometabolism was positively correlated to the severity of global neuropsychological impairment; similar but less significant findings were obtained for the ipsilateral/contralateral cortical metabolic asymmetry. With respect to the whole patient sample, the cortical metabolic asymmetry was initially pronounced, with subsequent monoexponential recovery, in the cognitively impaired study group, but it was only mild and showed no meaningful trend for recovery in the cognitively unaffected study group; yet even soon (< 3 months) after thalamic lesion there was a noticeable overlap of individual asymmetry values among the two study groups. These results lend further support to the view that the neuropsychological impairment that frequently follows unilateral thalamic lesions is reflected in a depression of synaptic activity in both the overlying and the contralateral cerebral cortices. For individual patients, this study also illustrates the potentially misleading nature of the measured cortical metabolic asymmetry with respect to neuropsychological status, especially at late times after lesion, in part because side to side metabolic ratios do not reflect bilateral changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Left prerolandic infarction with initial epilepsy. Development of chronic hallucination psychosis].

A 34-year-old woman had three tonico-clonic seizures and aphasia revealing a left prerolandic infarct. Three weeks later, she began to develop psychiatric symptoms leading to the diagnosis of chronic hallucination psychosis. These symptoms were probably related to epilepsy and their cause was compatible with the diagnosis of interictal psychosis. It has been suggested that kindling of the mesolimbic system could account for psychosis in epilepsy. In our case, however, the sort time interval between the onset of epilepsy and the appearance of psychosis is not in favour of this mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Diffuse cerebral gliomatosis. An anatomoclinical case].

A 52-year old man had a generalized seizure followed by progressive memory disturbances, affective changes, right hemiplegia and aphasia. He died 4 years later after a period of coma. Neuropathological findings included slight cortical atrophy, pallor of the centrum ovale, and infiltration of the cortex and subcortical white matter by neoplastic glial cells, with neither major neuronal loss nor spongiosis. Microglial rod cells were observed. The gliomatosis extended within the thalamus and subthalamic area on both sides, whereas the brain stem was much less involved. The spinal cord and peripheral nerves were not examined. Abnormal glial cells were stained by the glial fibrillary acid protein, which confirms the astrocytic differentiation of the tumoral cells.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

[Participation of the right hemisphere in the recovery of language in aphasics].

The functional lateralization of the brain for language is a dynamic process going on during the life. The sole responsibility for ensuring normal speech lies within the neural nets of the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere who has a predominant role in extra-linguistic communication maintain a linguistic potential linked with age and modalities of lateralization. Methods allowing his activation have for first objective the recovery of an elementary communication.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1991

Altered antigen receptor signaling in anergic T cells from self-tolerant T-cell receptor beta-chain transgenic mice.

T-cell tolerance to the minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen Mls-1a in a T-cell receptor (TcR) V beta 8.1 transgenic line of mice is maintained by both clonal deletion and clonal anergy. Approximately 20-50% of peripheral CD4+ (but not CD8+) T cells isolated from these mice are anergic and fail to proliferate following TcR ligation. We have examined key events in T-cell signaling in peripheral T cells isolated from these mice. In this report, we show that the anergic CD4+ T cells did not mobilize calcium or express receptors for interleukin 2 (IL-2) following TcR ligation. However, the cells retained viability and functional potential because stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin bypassed the block in receptor-mediated signaling and induced IL-2 receptor expression and proliferation of the anergic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Cognitive evoked potentials in the diagnosis of senile dementia and dementia of Parkinson's disease: significance of multivariate analysis].

P300 latency is often delayed in dementia but some authors have questioned its value in clinical practice, because of the relatively low specificity and sensibility of the method. Numerous parameters (latency, duration, amplitude and surface) of N100, N200 and P300 waves were therefore studied in patients with senile dementia, subjects suffering from Parkinson's disease with dementia, and non-demented elderly patients. Using discriminant analysis, more than 90% of the patients were correctly classified. This method could thus be contributory in diagnosing dementia in clinical practice.

Cognition↗
PubMed1991

[Left pseudothalamic cortical syndrome and pain asymbolia].

We report a case of left pseudothalamic cortical syndrome associated with asymbolia for pain in a right-handed male patient. The responsible lesion, detected at both CT and MRI, was infarction of the superficial territory of the middle cerebral artery, restricted to the posterior insula, the superior aspect of T1, the parietal operculum and the supramarginal gyrus. The ascending parietal gyrus and the thalamus were spared. This case, together with data from the literature, suggest that the somatosensory area II was responsible for the pseudothalamic syndrome. This interpretation is concordant with the hypothesis that S II plays the principal role in passive somatosensory discrimination, whereas S I plays the principal role in active discrimination implying stimulus exploration. The location of lesions that were responsible for asymbolia for pain is discussed. This case and those reported by Berthier et al. (1988), provide arguments in favour of Geschwind's hypothesis which attributes asymbolia for pain to sensory-limbic disconnection due to damage of the insula.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1991

[Right unilateral auditory agnosia following left lenticular hemorrhage].

A 33-year old patient who had had left lenticular hemorrhage presented with an inability to understand with the right ear oral language and, in a less dramatic way, nonverbal sounds. This unilateral auditory agnosia was first associated with a right motor underutilization and right motor, sensitive, visual and auditive extinctions. Speech discrimination scores were 100% with the left ear and 15% with the right ear, even less in dichotic conditions. Tonal audiogram, as well as early and late components of the auditory evoked potentials were normal. Cerebral regional perfusion and metabolism were impaired over the left parietotemporal area. There was severe hypoactivation of the left hemisphere with right monaural verbal stimulations. Rehabilitation consisting of non-specific attention tasks and repetitions of words reaching only the right ear was undertaken 15 months after the stroke. The oral language comprehension improved, as did the left hemisphere activation, and the extinction phenomena disappeared, except for the auditory one. The unilaterality of the auditory agnosia could be due, in part, to a peculiar physiological processing in this patient, such as poor performance of his right ipsilateral auditory pathway which could be improved with practice. A striatal lesion could induce a spatial hemi-inattention as reflected by the multimodal extinction in this case. Besides, a lack of selective activation for verbal stimulation of the left hemisphere is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Schistosomiasis of the spinal cord. Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging].

The authors report a case of spinal cord schistosomiasis presenting as myelitis, with rapidly developing deficit, signs of severe cerebrospinal fluid inflammation, normal myelography and computerized tomography. The patient's country of origin suggested schistosomiasis, and the diagnosis was confirmed by serology and rectal biopsy which showed eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. Magnetic resonance imaging was helpful as it confirmed the absence of spinal cord compression and showed a lesion of the conus medullaris, this region being the most frequent site of schistosomial myelitis.

Adult↗